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Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation of Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4717. [PMID: 38731934 PMCID: PMC11083221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult bones are continuously remodeled by the balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and subsequent bone formation by osteoblasts. Many studies have provided molecular evidence that bone remodeling is under the control of circadian rhythms. Circadian fluctuations have been reported in the serum and urine levels of bone turnover markers, such as digested collagen fragments and bone alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, the expressions of over a quarter of all transcripts in bones show circadian rhythmicity, including the genes encoding master transcription factors for osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin also display circadian rhythmicity. Finally, osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific knockout mice targeting the core circadian regulator gene Bmal1 show disrupted bone remodeling, although the results have not always been consistent. Despite these studies, however, establishing a direct link between circadian rhythms and bone remodeling in vivo remains a major challenge. It is nearly impossible to repeatedly collect bone materials from human subjects while following circadian changes. In addition, the differences in circadian gene regulation between diurnal humans and nocturnal mice, the main model organism, remain unclear. Filling the knowledge gap in the circadian regulation of bone remodeling could reveal novel regulatory mechanisms underlying many bone disorders including osteoporosis, genetic diseases, and fracture healing. This is also an important question for the basic understanding of how cell differentiation progresses under the influence of cyclically fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Vimalraj S, Govindarajan D, Sudhakar S, Suresh R, Palanivel P, Sekaran S. Chitosan derived chito-oligosaccharides promote osteoblast differentiation and offer anti-osteoporotic potential: Molecular and morphological evidence from a zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129250. [PMID: 38199551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the potential of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) to promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent osteoporosis, utilizing experiments with mouse MSCs and the zebrafish model. The preliminary biocompatibility study affirms the non-toxic nature of COS across various concentrations. In the osteoblast differentiation study, COS enhances ALP activity and calcium deposition at the cellular level. Moreover, COS induces the upregulation of molecular markers, including Runx2, Type I collagen, ALP, osteocalcin, and osteonectin in mouse MSCs. Zebrafish studies further demonstrate COS's anti-osteoporotic effects, showcasing its ability to expedite fin fracture repair, vertebral mineralization, and bone mineralization in dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis models. The scale regenerative study reveals that COS mitigates the detrimental effects of dexamethasone induced osteoclastic activity, reducing TRAP and hydroxyproline levels while elevating the expression of Runx2a MASNA isoform, collagen2α, OC, and ON mRNAs. Additionally, COS enhances calcium and phosphorus levels in regenerated scales, impacting the bone-healthy calcium-to‑phosphorus ratio. The study also suggests that COS modulates the MMP3-Osteopontin-MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, this comprehensive investigation underscores the potential of COS to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Its multifaceted cellular and molecular effects, combined with in vivo bone regeneration and repair, propose that COS may be effective in addressing osteoporosis and related bone disorders. Nonetheless, further research is imperative to unravel underlying mechanisms and optimize clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dharunya Govindarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Renugaa Suresh
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Tang X, Huang Y, Fang X, Tong X, Yu Q, Zheng W, Fu F. Cornus officinalis: a potential herb for treatment of osteoporosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1289144. [PMID: 38111697 PMCID: PMC10725965 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1289144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by a decline in bone mass, bone mineral density, and deterioration of bone microstructure. It is prevalent among the elderly, particularly postmenopausal women, and poses a substantial burden to patients and society due to the high incidence of fragility fractures. Kidney-tonifying Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been utilized for OP prevention and treatment. In contrast to conventional approaches such as hormone replacement therapy, TCM offers distinct advantages such as minimal side effects, low toxicity, excellent tolerability, and suitability for long-term administration. Extensive experimental evidence supports the efficacy of kidney-tonifying TCM, exemplified by formulations based on the renowned herb Cornus officinalis and its bioactive constituents, including morroniside, sweroside, flavonol kaempferol, Cornuside I, in OP treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying pathological principles governing OP, with particular emphasis on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the homeostasis of osteogenic and osteoclastic, and the regulation of vascular and immune systems, all of which critically influence bone homeostasis. Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanisms of Cornus officinalis-based TCM formulations and Cornus officinalis-derived active constituents are discussed. In conclusion, this review aims to enhance understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms responsible for the anti-OP effects of kidney-tonifying TCM, specifically focusing on Cornus officinalis, and seeks to explore more efficacious and safer treatment strategies for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Tang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuliang Fang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanying Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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4
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Kim HY, Shim JH, Heo CY. A Rare Skeletal Disorder, Fibrous Dysplasia: A Review of Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15591. [PMID: 37958575 PMCID: PMC10650015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, non-hereditary skeletal disorder characterized by its chronic course of non-neoplastic fibrous tissue buildup in place of healthy bone. A myriad of factors have been associated with its onset and progression. Perturbation of cell-cell signaling networks and response outputs leading to disrupted building blocks, incoherent multi-level organization, and loss of rigid structural motifs in mineralized tissues are factors that have been identified to participate in FD induction. In more recent years, novel insights into the unique biology of FD are transforming our understandings of its pathology, natural discourse of the disease, and treatment prospects. Herein, we built upon existing knowledge with recent findings to review clinical, etiologic, and histological features of FD and discussed known and potential mechanisms underlying FD manifestations. Subsequently, we ended on a note of optimism by highlighting emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at either halting or ameliorating disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Bevill SM, Casaní-Galdón S, El Farran CA, Cytrynbaum EG, Macias KA, Oldeman SE, Oliveira KJ, Moore MM, Hegazi E, Adriaens C, Najm FJ, Demetri GD, Cohen S, Mullen JT, Riggi N, Johnstone SE, Bernstein BE. Impact of supraphysiologic MDM2 expression on chromatin networks and therapeutic responses in sarcoma. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100321. [PMID: 37492096 PMCID: PMC10363746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of MDM2 on supernumerary chromosomes is a common mechanism of P53 inactivation across tumors. Here, we investigated the impact of MDM2 overexpression on chromatin, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes in liposarcoma. Three independent regulatory circuits predominate in aggressive, dedifferentiated tumors. RUNX and AP-1 family transcription factors bind mesenchymal gene enhancers. P53 and MDM2 co-occupy enhancers and promoters associated with P53 signaling. When highly expressed, MDM2 also binds thousands of P53-independent growth and stress response genes, whose promoters engage in multi-way topological interactions. Overexpressed MDM2 concentrates within nuclear foci that co-localize with PML and YY1 and could also contribute to P53-independent phenotypes associated with supraphysiologic MDM2. Importantly, we observe striking cell-to-cell variability in MDM2 copy number and expression in tumors and models. Whereas liposarcoma cells are generally sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors and their combination with pro-apoptotic drugs, MDM2-high cells tolerate them and may underlie the poor clinical efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Bevill
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Casaní-Galdón
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chadi A. El Farran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eli G. Cytrynbaum
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin A. Macias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvie E. Oldeman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kayla J. Oliveira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Molly M. Moore
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadi J. Najm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George D. Demetri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John T. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics (CTG), Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah E. Johnstone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradley E. Bernstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Deng P, Huang J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li J. The role of EMILIN-1 in the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37024847 PMCID: PMC10077624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) may be the best choice for self-repair and regeneration of teeth and maxillofacial bone tissue due to their homogeneous tissue origin, high proliferation and differentiation rates, and no obvious ethical restrictions. Recently, several studies have shown that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins can effectively regulate the proliferation and differentiation fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the role of elastin microfibril interface-located protein-1 (EMILIN-1), a new ECM glycoprotein, in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of EMILIN-1 during osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. METHODS hDPSCs were cultured in osteo/odontogenic induction medium. qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect osteo/odonto-specific genes/proteins expression as well as the expression of EMILIN-1. After knockdown of Emilin-1 in hDPSCs with small interfering RNA and exogenous addition of recombinant human EMILIN-1 protein (rhEMILIN-1), Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, qPCR and Western blot were performed to examine the effect of EMILIN-1 on proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. RESULTS During the osteo/odontogenic induction of hDPSCs, the expression of osteo/odonto-specific genes/proteins increased, as did EMILIN-1 protein levels. More notably, knockdown of Emilin-1 decreased hDPSCs proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation, whereas exogenous addition of rhEMILIN-1 increased them. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that EMILIN-1 is essential for the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, which may provide new insights for teeth and bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixuan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejia Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Maciel GBM, Maciel RM, Danesi CC. Bone cells and their role in physiological remodeling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2857-2863. [PMID: 36609750 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work compiles the characteristics of bone cells involved in the physiological bone remodeling. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was performed. RESULTS Remodeling is a different process from modeling. Remodeling allows old or damaged bone tissue to be renewed, ensuring the maintenance of bone fracture resistance, as well as maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. We present the role of osteoclasts, a multinucleated cell with hematopoietic origin responsible for resorbing bone. The formation of osteoclasts depends on the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and can be blocked by osteoprotegerin. Furthermore, this review highlights the features of osteoblasts, polarized cubic cells of mesenchymal origin that deposit bone and also covers osteocytes and bone lining cells. This review presents the five fundamental phases of bone remodeling and addresses aspects of its regulation through hormones and growth factors. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the current concepts of physiological bone remodeling is necessary for the study of the different pathologies that affect the bone tissue and thus helps in the search for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bassan Marinho Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. .,Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, 97015-900, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Solidum JGN, Jeong Y, Heralde F, Park D. Differential regulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells in distinct skeletal compartments. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1137063. [PMID: 36926193 PMCID: PMC10013690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs), characterized by self-renewal and multipotency, are essential for skeletal development, bone remodeling, and bone repair. These cells have traditionally been known to reside within the bone marrow, but recent studies have identified the presence of distinct SSPC populations in other skeletal compartments such as the growth plate, periosteum, and calvarial sutures. Differences in the cellular and matrix environment of distinct SSPC populations are believed to regulate their stemness and to direct their roles at different stages of development, homeostasis, and regeneration; differences in embryonic origin and adjacent tissue structures also affect SSPC regulation. As these SSPC niches are dynamic and highly specialized, changes under stress conditions and with aging can alter the cellular composition and molecular mechanisms in place, contributing to the dysregulation of local SSPCs and their activity in bone regeneration. Therefore, a better understanding of the different regulatory mechanisms for the distinct SSPCs in each skeletal compartment, and in different conditions, could provide answers to the existing knowledge gap and the impetus for realizing their potential in this biological and medical space. Here, we summarize the current scientific advances made in the study of the differential regulation pathways for distinct SSPCs in different bone compartments. We also discuss the physical, biological, and molecular factors that affect each skeletal compartment niche. Lastly, we look into how aging influences the regenerative capacity of SSPCs. Understanding these regulatory differences can open new avenues for the discovery of novel treatment approaches for calvarial or long bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Giezl Niedo Solidum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francisco Heralde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Skeletal Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Zappalà A, Romano IR, D’Angeli F, Musumeci G, Lo Furno D, Giuffrida R, Mannino G. Functional Roles of Connexins and Gap Junctions in Osteo-Chondral Cellular Components. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044156. [PMID: 36835567 PMCID: PMC9967557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) formed by connexins (Cxs) play an important role in the intercellular communication within most body tissues. In this paper, we focus on GJs and Cxs present in skeletal tissues. Cx43 is the most expressed connexin, participating in the formation of both GJs for intercellular communication and hemichannels (HCs) for communication with the external environment. Through GJs in long dendritic-like cytoplasmic processes, osteocytes embedded in deep lacunae are able to form a functional syncytium not only with neighboring osteocytes but also with bone cells located at the bone surface, despite the surrounding mineralized matrix. The functional syncytium allows a coordinated cell activity through the wide propagation of calcium waves, nutrients and anabolic and/or catabolic factors. Acting as mechanosensors, osteocytes are able to transduce mechanical stimuli into biological signals that spread through the syncytium to orchestrate bone remodeling. The fundamental role of Cxs and GJs is confirmed by a plethora of investigations that have highlighted how up- and downregulation of Cxs and GJs critically influence skeletal development and cartilage functions. A better knowledge of GJ and Cx mechanisms in physiological and pathological conditions might help in developing therapeutic approaches aimed at the treatment of human skeletal system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivana Roberta Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.L.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.L.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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10
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Craig SEL, Michalski MN, Williams BO. Got WNTS? Insight into bone health from a WNT perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:327-346. [PMID: 36967199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling, essential for many aspects of development, is among the most commonly altered pathways associated with human disease. While initially studied in cancer, dysregulation of WNT signaling has been determined to be essential for skeletal development and the maintenance of bone health throughout life. In this review, we discuss the role of Wnt signaling in bone development and disease with a particular focus on two areas. First, we discuss the roles of WNT signaling pathways in skeletal development, with an emphasis on congenital and idiopathic skeletal syndromes and diseases that are associated with genetic variations in WNT signaling components. Next, we cover a topic that has long been an interest of our laboratory, how high and low levels of WNT signaling affects the establishment and maintenance of healthy bone mass. We conclude with a discussion of the status of WNT-based therapeutics in the treatment of skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Megan N Michalski
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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11
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Yun H, Kim B, Jeong YH, Hong JT, Park K. Suffruticosol A elevates osteoblast differentiation targeting BMP2-Smad/1/5/8-RUNX2 in pre-osteoblasts. Biofactors 2023; 49:127-139. [PMID: 35852295 PMCID: PMC10947220 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (P. suffruticosa) is commonly used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Suffruticosol A (Suf-A), isolated from P. suffruticosa, is a beneficial compound with antibiofilm, antivirulence, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological effects of Suf-A on osteogenic processes in pre-osteoblasts. It was determined here in that Suf-A (>98.02%), isolated from P. suffruticosa, showed no cytotoxicity at 0.1-30 μM; however, it induced cytotoxicity at 50-100 μM in pre-osteoblasts. Suf-A increased osteogenic alkaline phosphatase activity and expression levels of noncollagenous proteins. Adhesion and trans-migration on the extracellular matrix were potentiated by Suf-A, but not by wound-healing migration. Suf-A did not affect autophagy or necroptosis during osteoblast differentiation. We found that Suf-A increased runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) levels and mineralized matrix formation. RUNX2 expression was mediated by Suf-A-induced BMP2-Smad1/5/8 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, as demonstrated by Noggin, a BMP2 inhibitor. These results suggest that Suf-A is a potential natural osteogenic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung‐Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Development Institute of Korean MedicineGyeongsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- National Development Institute of Korean MedicineGyeongsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National UniversityChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ran Park
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)GwangjuRepublic of Korea
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12
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Fatica M, D’Antonio A, Novelli L, Triggianese P, Conigliaro P, Greco E, Bergamini A, Perricone C, Chimenti MS. How Has Molecular Biology Enhanced Our Undertaking of axSpA and Its Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:12-33. [PMID: 36308677 PMCID: PMC9825525 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims at investigating pathophysiological mechanisms in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Analysis of genetic factors, immunological pathways, and abnormalities of bone metabolism lay the foundations for a better understanding of development of the axial clinical manifestations in patients, allowing physician to choose the most appropriate therapeutic strategy in a more targeted manner. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the contribution of MHC system, findings emerged about the role of non-HLA genes (as ERAP1 and 2, whose inhibition could represent a new therapeutic approach) and of epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in SpA pathogenesis. Increasing evidence of bone metabolism abnormalities secondary to the activation of immunological pathways suggests the development of various bone anomalies that are present in axSpA patients. SpA are a group of inflammatory diseases with a multifactorial origin, whose pathogenesis is linked to the genetic predisposition, the action of environmental risk factors, and the activation of immune response. It is now well known how bone metabolism leads to long-term structural damage via increased bone turnover, bone loss and osteoporosis, osteitis, erosions, osteosclerosis, and osteoproliferation. These effects can exist in the same patient over time or even simultaneously. Evidence suggests a cross relationship among innate immunity, autoimmunity, and bone remodeling in SpA, making treatment approach a challenge for rheumatologists. Specifically, treatment targets are consistently increasing as new drugs are upcoming. Both biological and targeted synthetic drugs are promising in terms of their efficacy and safety profile in patients affected by SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fatica
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna D’Antonio
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Novelli
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Greco
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bergamini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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13
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Donsante S, Siciliano G, Ciardo M, Palmisano B, Messina V, de Turris V, Farinacci G, Serafini M, Silvestrini F, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Alano P. An in vivo humanized model to study homing and sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages in the bone marrow. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1161669. [PMID: 37153157 PMCID: PMC10154621 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1161669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent evidence suggests that the bone marrow (BM) plays a key role in the diffusion of P. falciparum malaria by providing a "niche" for the maturation of the parasite gametocytes, responsible for human-to-mosquito transmission. Suitable humanized in vivo models to study the mechanisms of the interplay between the parasite and the human BM components are still missing. Methods We report a novel experimental system based on the infusion of immature P. falciparum gametocytes into immunocompromised mice carrying chimeric ectopic ossicles whose stromal and bone compartments derive from human osteoprogenitor cells. Results We demonstrate that immature gametocytes home within minutes to the ossicles and reach the extravascular regions, where they are retained in contact with different human BM stromal cell types. Discussion Our model represents a powerful tool to study BM function and the interplay essential for parasite transmission in P. falciparum malaria and can be extended to study other infections in which the human BM plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Siciliano
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ciardo
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Messina
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Farinacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Riminucci, ; Pietro Alano,
| | - Pietro Alano
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Riminucci, ; Pietro Alano,
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14
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Zhang Z, Yang X, Cao X, Qin A, Zhao J. Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942128. [PMID: 36159705 PMCID: PMC9490047 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedics, bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection, tumor resection, and skeletal abnormalities are very common. However, due to the lengthy and painful process of related surgery, people intend to shorten the recovery period and reduce the risk of rejection; as a result, more attention is being paid to bone regeneration with mesenchymal stromal cells, one of which is the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. After continuous subculture and cryopreservation, ASCs still have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. They can be implanted in the human body to promote bone repair after induction in vitro, solve the problems of scarce sources and large damage, and are expected to be used in the treatment of bone defects and non-union fractures. However, the diversity of its differentiation lineage and the lack of bone formation potential limit its current applications in bone disease. Here, we concluded the current applications of ASCs in bone repair, especially with the combination and use of physical and biological methods. ASCs alone have been proved to contribute to the repair of bone damage in vivo and in vitro. Attaching to bone scaffolds or adding bioactive molecules can enhance the formation of the bone matrix. Moreover, we further evaluated the efficiency of ASC-committed differentiation in the bone in conditions of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. The results show that ASCs in combination with synthetic bone grafts and biomaterials may affect the regeneration, augmentation, and vascularization of bone defects on bone healing. The specific conclusion of different materials applied with ASCs may vary. It has been confirmed to benefit osteogenesis by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways and gene transduction. Exosomes secreted by ASCs also play an important role in osteogenesis. This review will illustrate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of ASCs’ current applications and future development in bone repair and regeneration, and provide an incentive for superior employment of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
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15
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Palmisano B, Labella R, Donsante S, Remoli C, Spica E, Coletta I, Farinacci G, Dello Spedale Venti M, Saggio I, Serafini M, Robey PG, Corsi A, Riminucci M. Gsα R201C and estrogen reveal different subsets of bone marrow adiponectin expressing osteogenic cells. Bone Res 2022; 10:50. [PMID: 35853852 PMCID: PMC9296668 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gsα/cAMP signaling pathway mediates the effect of a variety of hormones and factors that regulate the homeostasis of the post-natal skeleton. Hence, the dysregulated activity of Gsα due to gain-of-function mutations (R201C/R201H) results in severe architectural and functional derangements of the entire bone/bone marrow organ. While the consequences of gain-of-function mutations of Gsα have been extensively investigated in osteoblasts and in bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells at various differentiation stages, their effect in adipogenically-committed bone marrow stromal cells has remained unaddressed. We generated a mouse model with expression of GsαR201C driven by the Adiponectin (Adq) promoter. Adq-GsαR201C mice developed a complex combination of metaphyseal, diaphyseal and cortical bone changes. In the metaphysis, GsαR201C caused an early phase of bone resorption followed by bone deposition. Metaphyseal bone formation was sustained by cells that were traced by Adq-Cre and eventually resulted in a high trabecular bone mass phenotype. In the diaphysis, GsαR201C, in combination with estrogen, triggered the osteogenic activity of Adq-Cre-targeted perivascular bone marrow stromal cells leading to intramedullary bone formation. Finally, consistent with the previously unnoticed presence of Adq-Cre-marked pericytes in intraosseous blood vessels, GsαR201C caused the development of a lytic phenotype that affected both cortical (increased porosity) and trabecular (tunneling resorption) bone. These results provide the first evidence that the Adq-cell network in the skeleton not only regulates bone resorption but also contributes to bone formation, and that the Gsα/cAMP pathway is a major modulator of both functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Rossella Labella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Emanuela Spica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Ilenia Coletta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Giorgia Farinacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology and School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Pamela Gehron Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy.
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16
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Fievet L, Serratrice N, Brulin B, Giraudo L, Véran J, Degardin N, Sabatier F, Féron F, Layrolle P. A Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Osteogenicity by Using Two Biomaterials and Two Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subtypes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913539. [PMID: 35712655 PMCID: PMC9195506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone repair induced by stem cells and biomaterials may represent an alternative to autologous bone grafting. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), easily accessible in every human, are prototypical cells that can be tested, alone or with a biomaterial, for creating new osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two biomaterials—biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and bioactive glass (BG)—when loaded with either adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) or newborn nasal ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (NE-MSCs), the latter being collected for further repair of lip cleft-associated bone loss. Materials and Methods: BMMSCs were collected from two adults and NE-MSCs from two newborn infants. An in vitro study was performed in order to determine the best experimental conditions for adhesion, viability, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation on BCP or BG granules. Bone-associated morphological changes and gene expression modifications were quantified using histological and molecular techniques. The in vivo study was based on the subcutaneous implantation in nude mice of the biomaterials, loaded or not with one of the two cell types. Eight weeks after, bone formation was assessed using histological and electron microscopy techniques. Results: Both cell types—BMMSC and NE-MSC—display the typical stem cell surface markers—CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, nestin - and exhibit the MSC-associated osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic multipotency. NE-MSCs produce less collagen and alkaline phosphatase than BMMSCs. At the transcript level, NE-MSCs express more abundantly three genes coding for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin while BMMSCs produce extra copies of RunX2. BMMSCs and NE-MSCs adhere and survive on BCP and BG. In vivo experiments reveal that bone formation is only observed with BMMSCs transplanted on BCP biomaterial. Conclusion: Although belonging to the same superfamily of mesenchymal stem cells, BMMSCs and NE-MSCs exhibit striking differences, in vitro and in vivo. For future clinical applications, the association of BMMSCs with BCP biomaterial seems to be the most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fievet
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Henri Duffaut, Avignon, France
| | - N Serratrice
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - B Brulin
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Giraudo
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - J Véran
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - N Degardin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Timone Enfant Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - F Sabatier
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - F Féron
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Marseille, France
| | - P Layrolle
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University Nantes, Nantes, France
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17
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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18
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Bone Cell Exosomes and Emerging Strategies in Bone Engineering. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040767. [PMID: 35453517 PMCID: PMC9033129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue remodeling is a highly regulated process balancing bone formation and resorption through complex cellular crosstalk between resident bone and microenvironment cells. This cellular communication is mediated by direct cell and cell–matrix contact, autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine receptor mediated mechanisms such as local soluble signaling molecules and extracellular vesicles including nanometer sized exosomes. An impairment in this balanced process leads to development of pathological conditions. Bone tissue engineering is an emerging interdisciplinary field with potential to address bone defects and disorders by synthesizing three-dimensional bone substitutes embedded with cells for clinical implantation. However, current cell-based therapeutic approaches have faced hurdles due to safety and ethical concerns, challenging their clinical translation. Recent studies on exosome-regulated bone homeostasis and regeneration have gained interest as prospective cell free therapy in conjugation with tissue engineered bone grafts. However, exosome research is still in its nascent stages of bone tissue engineering. In this review, we specifically describe the role of exosomes secreted by cells within bone microenvironment such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cell cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and even tumor cells during bone homeostasis and crosstalk. We also review exosome-based osteoinductive functionalization strategies for various bone-based biomaterials such as ceramics, polymers, and metals in bone tissue engineering. We further highlight biomaterials as carrier agents for exosome delivery to bone defect sites and, finally, the influence of various biomaterials in modulation of cell exosome secretome.
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19
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Dello Spedale Venti M, Palmisano B, Donsante S, Farinacci G, Adotti F, Coletta I, Serafini M, Corsi A, Riminucci M. Morphological and Immunophenotypical Changes of Human Bone Marrow Adipocytes in Marrow Metastasis and Myelofibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882379. [PMID: 35757418 PMCID: PMC9215173 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow adipose tissue constitutes more than two-thirds of the bone marrow volume in adult life and is known to have unique metabolic and functional properties. In neoplastic disorders, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) contribute to create a favorable microenvironment to survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Many studies explored the molecular crosstalk between BMAds and neoplastic cells, predominantly in ex-vivo experimental systems or in animal models. However, little is known on the features of BMAds in the human neoplastic marrow. The aim of our study was to analyze the in situ changes in morphology and immunophenotype of BMAds in two different types of neoplastic marrow conditions. We selected a series of archival iliac crest and vertebral bone biopsies from patients with bone marrow metastasis (MET), patients with myeloproliferative neoplasia with grade-3 myelofibrosis (MPN-MF) and age-matched controls (CTR). We observed a significant reduction in the number of BMAds in MET and MPN-MF compared to CTR. Accordingly, in the same groups, we also detected a significant reduction in the mean cell diameter and area. Immunolocalization of different adipocyte markers showed that, compared to CTR, in both MET and MPN-MF the percentages of adiponectin- and phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase-positive BMAds were significantly reduced and increased respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between MET and MPN-MF. Interestingly, in one MET sample, "remodeled" BMAds containing a large lipid vacuole and multiple, smaller and polarized lipid droplets were identified. In conclusion, our data show that in different types of marrow cancers, BMAds undergo significant quantitative and qualitative changes, which need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Farinacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Adotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Coletta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Riminucci,
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20
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Labella R, Little-Letsinger S, Avilkina V, Sarkis R, Tencerova M, Vlug A, Palmisano B. Next Generation Bone Marrow Adiposity Researchers: Report From the 1 st BMAS Summer School 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879588. [PMID: 35498418 PMCID: PMC9043644 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first International Summer School on Bone Marrow Adiposity was organized by members of Bone Marrow Adiposity Society and held virtually on September 6-8 2021. The goal of this meeting was to bring together young scientists interested in learning about bone marrow adipose tissue biology and pathology. Fifty-two researchers from different backgrounds and fields, ranging from bone physiopathology to adipose tissue biology and hematology, participated in the summer school. The meeting featured three keynote lectures on the fundamentals of bone marrow adiposity, three scientific workshops on technical considerations in studying bone marrow adiposity, and six motivational and career development lectures, spanning from scientific writing to academic career progression. Moreover, twenty-one participants presented their work in the form of posters. In this report we highlight key moments and lessons learned from the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Labella
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Viktorjia Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MAB Lab) ULR4490, Univ Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rita Sarkis
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Annegreet Vlug
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Biagio Palmisano,
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Chen T, Yang T, Zhang W, Shao J. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating osteoporosis. Biol Res 2021; 54:42. [PMID: 34930472 PMCID: PMC8686520 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Chen
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui-Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Liu Y, Rao S, Tan Y, Qian Y, Xia K, Huang J, Liu X, Hong C, Yin H, Cao J, Feng S, He Z, Li Y, Luo Z, Wu B, Yan Z, Chen T, Chen M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Luo M, Hu X, Jin L, Wan T, Yue T, Tang S, Xie H. Neuronal Induction of Bone-Fat Imbalance through Osteocyte Neuropeptide Y. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100808. [PMID: 34719888 PMCID: PMC8693044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A differentiation switch of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) from osteoblasts to adipocytes contributes to age- and menopause-associated bone loss and marrow adiposity. Here it is found that osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis of BMSCs by secreting neuropeptide Y (NPY), whose expression increases with aging and osteoporosis. Deletion of NPY in osteocytes generates a high bone mass phenotype, and attenuates aging- and ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone-fat imbalance in mice. Osteocyte NPY production is under the control of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and osteocyte NPY deletion blocks the ANS-induced regulation of BMSC fate and bone-fat balance. γ-Oryzanol, a clinically used ANS regulator, significantly increases bone formation and reverses aging- and OVX-induced osteocyte NPY overproduction and marrow adiposity in control mice, but not in mice lacking osteocyte NPY. The study suggests a new mode of neuronal control of bone metabolism through the ANS-induced regulation of osteocyte NPY.
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