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Rocchetti MT, Russo P, De Simone N, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. Immunomodulatory Activity on Human Macrophages by Cell-Free Supernatants to Explore the Probiotic and Postbiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains of Plant Origin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:911-926. [PMID: 37202651 PMCID: PMC11126452 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Upon dietary administration, probiotic microorganisms can reach as live cells the human gut, where they interact with the microbiota and host cells, thereby exerting a beneficial impact on host functions, mainly through immune-modulatory activities. Recently, attention has been drawn by postbiotics, i.e. non-viable probiotic microbes, including their metabolic products, which possess biological activities that benefit the host. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a bacterial species that comprises recognised probiotic strains. In this study, we investigated in vitro the probiotic (and postbiotic) potential of seven L. plantarum strains, including five newly isolated from plant-related niches. The strains were shown to possess some basic probiotic attributes, including tolerance to the gastrointestinal environment, adhesion to the intestinal epithelium and safety. Besides, their cell-free culture supernatants modulated cytokine patterns in human macrophages in vitro, promoting TNF-α gene transcription and secretion, while attenuating the transcriptional activation and secretion of both TNF-α and IL-8 in response to a pro-inflammatory signal, and enhancing the production of IL-10. Some strains induced a high IL-10/IL-12 ratio that may correlate to an anti-inflammatory capacity in vivo. Overall, the investigated strains are good probiotic candidates, whose postbiotic fraction exhibits immunomodulatory properties that need further in vivo studies. The main novelty of this work consists in the polyphasic characterisation of candidate beneficial L. plantarum strains obtained from relatively atypical plant-associated niches, by an approach that explores both probiotic and postbiotic potentials, in particular studying the effect of microbial culture-conditioned media on cytokine pattern, analysed at both transcriptional and secretion level in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola De Simone
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, C/O CS-DAT, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Van Holm W, Zayed N, Lauwens K, Saghi M, Axelsson J, Aktan MK, Braem A, Simoens K, Vanbrabant L, Proost P, Van Holm B, Maes P, Boon N, Bernaerts K, Teughels W. Oral Biofilm Composition, Dissemination to Keratinocytes, and Inflammatory Attenuation Depend on Probiotic and Synbiotic Strain Specificity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z. [PMID: 38619794 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Several inflammatory diseases are characterized by a disruption in the equilibrium between the host and its microbiome. Due to the increase in resistance, the use of antibiotics for the widespread, nonspecific killing of microorganisms is at risk. Pro-microbial approaches focused on stimulating or introducing beneficial species antagonistic toward pathobionts may be a viable alternative for restoring the host-microbiome equilibrium. Unfortunately, not all potential probiotic or synbiotic species and even subspecies (to strain level) are equally effective for the designated pathology, leading to conflicting accounts of their efficacy. To assess the extent of these species- and strain-specific effects, 13 probiotic candidates were evaluated for their probiotic and synbiotic potential with glycerol on in vitro oral biofilms, dissemination from biofilms to keratinocytes, and anti-inflammatory activity. Species- and strain-specific effects and efficacies were observed in how they functioned as probiotics or synbiotics by influencing oral pathobionts and commensals within biofilms and affected the dissemination of pathobionts to keratinocytes, ranging from ineffective strains to strains that reduced pathobionts by 3 + log. In addition, a minority of the candidates exhibited the ability to mitigate the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated monocytes. For a comprehensive assessment of probiotic therapy for oral health, a judicious selection of fully characterized probiotic strains that are specifically tailored to the designated pathology is required. This approach aims to challenge the prevailing perception of probiotics, shifting the focus away from "form over function." Rather than using unproven, hypothetical probiotic strains from known genera or species, one should choose strains that are actually functional in resolving the desired pathology before labelling them probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naiera Zayed
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Katalina Lauwens
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehraveh Saghi
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Simoens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hong J, Son M, Sin J, Kim H, Chung DK. Nanoparticles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Respiratory Infection and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha- and Interferon Gamma-Induced Lung Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4728. [PMID: 38004123 PMCID: PMC10675637 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have confirmed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has beneficial effects in respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the role of L. plantarum lysates in respiratory diseases is unclear. Staphylococcus aureus infects the lungs of mice, recruits immune cells, and induces structural changes in alveoli. Lung diseases can be further aggravated by inflammatory cytokines such as CCL2 and interleukin (IL)-6. In in vivo studies, L. plantarum K8 nanoparticles (K8NPs) restored lung function and prevented lung damage caused by S. aureus infection. They inhibited the S. aureus infection and the infiltration of immune cells and prevented the increase in goblet cell numbers in the lungs of S. aureus-infected mice. K8NPs suppressed the expression of CCL2 and IL-6, which were increased by the combination treatment of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma (TI), in a dose-dependent manner. In in vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory effect of K8NPs in TI-treated A549 cells and TI-injected mice occurred through the reduction in activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-B. These findings suggest that the efficacy of K8NPs in controlling respiratory inflammation and infection can be used to develop functional materials that can prevent or alleviate respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyo Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Minseong Son
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jaeeun Sin
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Co., Ltd., Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyun Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
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Anti-obesity potential of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12926. [PMID: 36699277 PMCID: PMC9868538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD) obese mice, but there are few studies on anti-obesity using heat-killed probiotics. Here, we investigated the effect of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 (K8HK) on the anti-differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on anti-obesity in HFD mice. K8HK decreased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Specifically, 1 × 109 CFU/mL K8HK showed the greatest anti-obesity effect, while the same concentration of live L. plantarum K8 (K8 Live) showed cytotoxicity. K8HK increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, which might affect the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway activated during differentiation. As a result, the levels of transcription factors of adipogenesis such as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) decreased in K8HK-treated cells. We also observed a decrease in the lipogenic enzymes and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). In the mouse study, oral ingestion of K8 Live and K8HK showed weight reduction and decrease in blood TG content at 12 weeks of feeding. In addition, TG synthesis was suppressed in liver and adipose tissues, and genes related to fat metabolism were suppressed. This study suggests that K8HK could be a good material to prevent obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis genes related to fat metabolism.
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Wei CX, Wu JH, Huang YH, Wang XZ, Li JY. Lactobacillus plantarum improves LPS-induced Caco2 cell line intestinal barrier damage via cyclic AMP-PKA signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267831. [PMID: 35639684 PMCID: PMC9154120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) has been shown to exhibit protective effects on intestinal barrier function in septic rats, although the regulatory mechanism has not been established. We determined whether LP imparts such protective effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco2 cell monolayer model and whether cAMP-PKA signaling is the underlying mechanism of action. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) agonist, forskolin (FSK), and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, HT89, were used to study the protective effect of LP on the destruction of the tight junction (TJ) structure of cells treated with LPS and the corresponding changes in cAMP-PKA signaling. Our experimental results demonstrated that LP promoted the expression of TJ proteins between Caco2 cells after LPS treatment, and increased the electrical barrier detection (TEER) between Caco2 cells. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the TJ structural integrity of cells treated with LPS + LP was improved compared to cells treated with LPS alone. In addition, our findings were consistent between the FSK and LP intervention group, while HT89 inhibited LP influence. Taken together, our results indicate that LP has an improved protective effect on LPS-induced damage to the monolayer membrane barrier function of Caco2 cells and is regulated by the cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xiang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XZW); (JYL)
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XZW); (JYL)
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Anti-Inflammatory Properties of MSF, a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 Lysate Fermented with Filipendula glaberrima Extract. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. Here, we produced potent anti-inflammatory probiotic lysates, termed MSF (miracle synergistic material made using Filipendula glaberrima), using fermentation with F. glaberrima extracts. MSF inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production through down-regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. MSF-induced tolerance for TNF-α was mediated by induction of TNF alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3 or A20). On the other hand, MSF showed a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-1β production in LPS-stimulated human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1 cells). This synergistic effect of the combination of MSF and LPS might be mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling. The inhibitory effect of TNF-α and synergistic effect of IL-1β due to combining MSF and LPS were significantly higher than those of a combination of L. plantarum K8 lysates and LPS. The MSF and LPS combination showed reduced mouse mortality compared to a combination of L. plantarum K8 lysates and LPS, which correlated with decreased levels of cytokines, hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood and liver. These results show that probiotic lysates fermented with natural extracts such as F. glaberrima have higher anti-inflammatory efficacy than conventional probiotic lysates or natural extracts.
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Yang W, Tao K, Zhang P, Chen X, Sun X, Li R. Maresin 1 protects against lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis and inflammatory response. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114863. [PMID: 34861244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is a fearful disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the roles and mechanism of Maresin 1 (MaR1) in lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced ALI. METHODS We established an ALI mouse model induced by LPS/D-GalN. Each group was treated with or without LPS/D-GalN or MaR1. For the vitro experiments, RAW264.7, NCTC1469 cells, and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with LPS. The effects of MaR1 on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), pyroptosis and inflammatory response in macrophages were investigated. RESULTS MaR1 significantly inhibited an excessive inflammatory response and proinflammatory markers during LPS/D-GalN-induced ALI. MaR1 markedly decreased the levels of ROS, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in macrophages, and limited hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro. Upon exploring the mechanisms underlying the protective role of MaR1, we found MaR1 markedly upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and considerably reduced the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-p65. Knocking down Nrf2 decreased the effect of MaR1. Furthermore, we observed that MaR1 reduced inflammatory injury by inhibiting M1 macrophages and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that MaR1 could inhibit the production of gasdermin D N-terminus (GSDMD-N) in vivo. In vitro, MaR1 could significantly suppressed the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, GSDMD-N, and IL-1β caused by LPS and nigericin stimulation in BMDMs. CONCLUSION MaR1 could ameliorate inflammation during LPS/D-GalN induced ALI by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase /NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, activating macrophage M1/M2 polarization and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. This provides new evidence for the potential of developing MaR1 for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiong Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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