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Pascal W, Smoliński A, Gotowiec M, Wojtkiewicz M, Stachura A, Pełka K, Kopka M, Quinn KP, Woessner AE, Grzelecki D, Włodarski P. Pre-Incisional and Multiple Intradermal Injection of N-Acetylcysteine Slightly Improves Incisional Wound Healing in an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5200. [PMID: 38791242 PMCID: PMC11121603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate if delivering multiple doses of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) post-surgery in addition to pre-incisional administration significantly impacts the wound healing process in a rat model. Full-thickness skin incisions were carried out on the dorsum of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats in six locations. Fifteen minutes prior to the incision, half of the sites were treated with a control solution, with the wounds on the contralateral side treated with solutions containing 0.015%, 0.03% and 0.045% of NAC. In the case of the NAC treated group, further injections were given every 8 h for three days. On days 3, 7, 14 and 60 post-op, rats were sacrificed to gather material for the histological analysis, which included histomorphometry, collagen fiber organization analysis, immunohistochemistry and Abramov scale scoring. It was determined that scars treated with 0.015% NAC had significantly lower reepithelization than the control at day 60 post-op (p = 0.0018). Scars treated with 0.045% NAC had a significantly lower collagen fiber variance compared to 0.015% NAC at day 14 post-op (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) and a lower mean scar width than the control at day 60 post-op (p = 0.0354 and p = 0.0224). No significant differences in the recruitment of immune cells and histological parameters were found. The results point to a limited efficacy of multiple NAC injections post-surgery in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Pascal
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Antoni Smoliński
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Mateusz Gotowiec
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Marta Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Albert Stachura
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Michał Kopka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.P.Q.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.P.Q.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Dariusz Grzelecki
- Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Professor Adam Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (M.K.); (P.W.)
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Paskal W, Kopka M, Stachura A, Paskal AM, Pietruski P, Pełka K, Woessner AE, Quinn KP, Galus R, Wejman J, Włodarski P. Single Dose of N-Acetylcysteine in Local Anesthesia Increases Expression of HIF1α, MAPK1, TGFβ1 and Growth Factors in Rat Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8659. [PMID: 34445365 PMCID: PMC8395485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the gene expression profile, neoangiogenesis, neutrophils and macrophages in a rat model of incisional wounds. Before creating wounds on the backs of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats, intradermal injections were made. Lidocaine-epinephrin solutions were supplemented with 0.015%, 0.03% or 0.045% solutions of NAC, or nothing (control group). Scars were harvested on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 60th day post-surgery. We performed immunohistochemical staining in order to visualize macrophages (anti-CD68), neutrophils (anti-MPO) and newly formed blood vessels (anti-CD31). Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to measure the relative expression of 88 genes involved in the wound healing process. On the 14th day, the number of cells stained with anti-CD68 and anti-CD31 antibodies was significantly larger in the tissues treated with 0.03% NAC compared with the control. Among the selected genes, 52 were upregulated and six were downregulated at different time points. Interestingly, NAC exerted a significant effect on the expression of 45 genes 60 days after its administration. In summation, a 0.03% NAC addition to the pre-incisional anesthetic solution improves neovasculature and increases the macrophages' concentration at the wound site on the 14th day, as well as altering the expression of numerous genes that are responsible for the regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Paskal
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Michał Kopka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Albert Stachura
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana M. Paskal
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Pietruski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Replantation and Reconstructive Surgery, Gruca Teaching Hospital, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.E.W.); (K.P.Q.)
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.E.W.); (K.P.Q.)
| | - Ryszard Galus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Wejman
- Department of Pathology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.P.); (K.P.); (P.W.)
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