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Zhou H, Lu Y, Liang M, Jin Q, Yang Y, Tang Q, Diao S, Cheng Y, Liu K, Li J, Zhang G. A cationic, durable, P/N-containing starch-based flame retardant for cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129543. [PMID: 38246451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A cationic, durable flame retardant for cotton fabrics, 6-(2-(dimethoxy phosphoryl)-2-(trimethyl ammonium)) methoxy-2-methoxy-polysaccharide ammonium phosphate (DTPAP), was synthesized. Its structure was verified by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the FTIR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), DTPAP formed P(=O)-O-C bonds with cellulose molecules and firmly grafted to cotton fabrics, giving the fabric a high durability. DTPAP-25-treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test (VFT), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 43.9 %. After 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the DTPAP-25-treated fabrics had an LOI of 29.9 %, passed the VFT, and retained their flame retardancy. EDS data showed that, compared with engrafted cationic ammonium phosphate flame retardants, the DTPAP-treated fabrics contained fewer metal ions. Cone calorimetry data showed that DTPAP-25-treated fabrics did not display concentrated heat release. The results suggested that DTPAP exhibited a condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism, and the introduction of cations into the ammonium phosphate flame retardant reduced ion exchange, which improved the durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shuo Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kunling Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Zhang LY, Song WM, Li P, Liu Y. A P/N flame retardant for polyester-cotton fabrics: Flame retardancy, mechanical properties and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129767. [PMID: 38296136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A phosphorus‑nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (named POI) was obtained by the chemical reaction between phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), and used to give the flame retardancy of PTCO. The effects of PPOA and POI on various properties of PTCO were investigated. PPOA obviously improved the flame retardancy of PTCO/PPOA, while the breaking force of PTCO/PPOA was greatly reduced. However, the introduction of PEI made the surface of fabrics smoother. PTCO/POI had better flame retardancy than PTCO/PPOA did, and the limiting oxygen index value of PTCO/POI reached to 29.8 %. POI had a good effect on reducing the Rmax of both cotton and polyester components. The phosphoric acid groups in POI can promote the dehydration and carbonization reactions of PTCO, which protects the inner fabrics, and POI can release incombustible gases such as NH3 and N2 during burning, which can dilute the oxygen concentration. The flame-retardant mechanism of PTCO/POI was mainly the condensed phase. At the same time, there were no changes in whiteness and mechanical properties compared with those of PTCO, and it also had antibacterial property. This work provides a simple and effective method to prepare flame-retardant and antibacterial PTCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Kundu CK, Song L, Hu Y. Micro crystalline cellulose aided surface modification and deposition of green polyelectrolytes for the improved hydrophilicity and flame retardancy of polyamide 66 fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127610. [PMID: 38287579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) treated polyamide 66 (PA66) textiles were coated with green and naturally abundant polysaccharides specifically, chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) together with phytic acid (PA) via layer by layer (LbL) deposition. The prime focus of such treatment was to intensify both the hydrophilic and flame retardant properties of PA66 fabric substrates. Subsequently, the prepared coatings were further subjected to cross-linking modification by dipping them into the barium (Ba) salt solution. Obtained results indicated that the MCC-modified PA66 exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) value of 00 and revealed a drop in peak heat release rate (pHRR) up to 31 % with complete suppression of melt-dripping. Meanwhile, the Ba-ion-induced cross-linking treatment further escalated this reduction up to 36 % by adding enhanced thermal stability, improved char quality along better wash durability of as prepared coatings. In addition, the combined modification of PA66 textiles with MCC and Ba-ion handed a superb enhancement of physical properties like tensile strength by ca. 50 % compared to the pure PA66. Thus, this MCC-assisted surface modification paves the way for a new kind of greener treatment of PA66 textiles in attaining superior hydrophilic and flame retardant properties of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Kumar Kundu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Suparanon T, Phusunti N, Phetwarotai W. Properties and flame retardancy of polylactide composites incorporating tricresyl phosphate and modified microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127580. [PMID: 37866581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the major environmental issues that have an impact on humans, animals, and their surroundings is plastic garbage. The use of biodegradable polymers in place of traditional plastics is one of the best solutions to this significant issue. The bio-circular-green (BCG) economic model is supported by the use of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a bio-filler for polylactide (PLA) composites, which may also help to address the issue of improper plastic waste management. This study explores the chemical modification of MCC derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste (OPMC). Maleic anhydride-modified OPMC (MAMC) is successfully synthesized by a solvent-free and low temperature heating procedure. MAMC and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were used as additives in PLA composites which were processed by melt extrusion and compression molding. Characterization studies confirmed the successful modification of MAMC and indicated that TCP played a crucial role as an effective plasticizer and flame retardant for PLA. All PLA/TCP composites showed significantly improved toughness and delayed ignition. The appropriate TCP level was 10 phr. The incorporation of TCP and MAMC resulted in a synergistic enhancement of impact strength and maintained excellent flame inhibition. Moreover, the thermal stability of the PLA composites increased with increments of MAMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunsuda Suparanon
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Phusunti
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Worasak Phetwarotai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Maulana H, Widyastuti Y, Herlina N, Hasbuna A, Al-Islahi ASH, Triratna L, Mayasari N. Bioinformatics study of phytase from Aspergillus niger for use as feed additive in livestock feed. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:142. [PMID: 38008870 PMCID: PMC10678861 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytase supplementation in rations can reduce their phytic acid composition in order to enhance their nutritional value. Aspergillus niger is a fungus that can encode phytase. This study aims to determine the characteristics of its DNA sequences and amino acid composition that encode the phytase enzyme, as well as to determine the primer designs. METHOD This study used gene sequence data and protein-encoding phytase from Aspergillus niger that was collected manually from NCBI and PDB. The data was analyzed using SPDBV and then be aligned using the ClustalW Multiple Alignment features. The phylogenetic tree was built by Mega11 software. Primers were designed from selected candidate sequences that were analyzed. The designed primers were then simulated for PCR using FastPCR and SnapGene software. RESULTS There are 18 Aspergillus niger phytases in NCBI which is 14.87% of the total Aspergillus. There are 14 Aspergillus niger phytases that have identity above 95%. Aspergillus niger 110. M94550.1 is the closest strain to the PDB template. Candidate sources of phytase genes are Aspergillus niger 110.M94550.1, 48.2.BCMY01000003.1, and 92.JQ654450.1. The primer design has 2 possibilities of self-annealing and high melting temperature on the reverse primer. PCR simulation shows that the primer design can attach completely but still has the possibility of mispriming. CONCLUSION This study suggests promising results for the future development of phytase enzyme production from Aspergillus niger as a feed additive using genetic engineering to enhance the quality of livestock feed in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan Maulana
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yantyati Widyastuti
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Applied Microbiology, 16911, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nina Herlina
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Applied Microbiology, 16911, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Abun Hasbuna
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Lita Triratna
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Applied Microbiology, 16911, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Novi Mayasari
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
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Lupidi G, Pastore G, Marcantoni E, Gabrielli S. Recent Developments in Chemical Derivatization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC): Pre-Treatments, Functionalization, and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052009. [PMID: 36903254 PMCID: PMC10004355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) is an isolated, colloidal crystalline portion of cellulose fibers, and it is a valuable alternative to non-renewable fossil-based materials. It is used for a large plethora of different fields, such as composites, food applications, pharmaceutical and medical developments, and cosmetic and material industries. The interest of MCC has also been driven by its economic value. In the last decade, particular attention has been driven to the functionalization of its hydroxyl groups to expand the field of applications of such biopolymer. Herein, we report and describe several pre-treatment methods that have been developed to increase the accessibility of MCC by breaking its dense structure allowing further functionalization. This review also collects the results that have appeared in the literature during the last two decades on the utilization of functionalized MCC as adsorbents (dyes, heavy metals, and carbon dioxide), flame retardants, reinforcing agents, energetic materials, such as azide- and azidodeoxy-modified, and nitrate-based cellulose and biomedical applications.
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Said HA, Ait Bourhim I, Ouarga A, Iraola-Arregui I, Lahcini M, Barroug A, Noukrati H, Ben Youcef H. Sustainable phosphorylated microcrystalline cellulose toward enhanced removal performance of methylene blue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1107-1118. [PMID: 36442568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was phosphorylated using phosphoric acid in the presence of urea and used as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from an aqueous solution. The obtained products were characterized by different techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of incubation time, initial MB concentration, pH, and phosphorylation degree. All the samples exhibited similar and fast adsorption kinetics, described by pseudo-second-order model for MB adsorption, whereas the retention capacity depended significantly on the phosphate content and the surface charge of the adsorbents. The experimental adsorption data in the examined MB initial concentrations (0-2000 mg/L) were best suited by the Langmuir isotherm model. The study revealed that the presence of phosphates groups in the cellulose structure significantly enhanced the adsorption of the MB pollutant. The maximum dye removal capacity at pH of 7 was obtained for the phosphorylated microcrystalline cellulose (284.03 mg/g) with a high phosphorylation degree (1.92 % of P), which is 20 times higher than unmodified MCC (15.29 mg/g). This property increased from 284.03 to 328.32 mg/g when increasing the pH from 7 to 11. The MB adsorption mechanism involves hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and ion-dipole interactions. These findings are relevant to a better understanding of the role of cellulose phosphorylation in the recovery of organic dyes from the waste liquid of many industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ait Said
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), HTMR-Lab, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - I Ait Bourhim
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), HTMR-Lab, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - A Ouarga
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), HTMR-Lab, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - I Iraola-Arregui
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), HTMR-Lab, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - M Lahcini
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and technologies, IMED Lab, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - A Barroug
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, SCIMATOP-PIB, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), ISSB-P, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - H Noukrati
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), ISSB-P, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - H Ben Youcef
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), HTMR-Lab, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
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Phosphorylation of Kapok Fiber with Phytic Acid for Enhanced Flame Retardancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314950. [PMID: 36499278 PMCID: PMC9737048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kapok fiber (KF), with the characteristics of a natural hollow structure, light weight, and low density, can be used as acoustic and thermal insulation, buoyancy, adsorption, filling, and composite material. The flame-retardant treatment can expand the functionality and application of KF. In this work, the phosphorylation of KF using phytic acid (PA) in the presence of urea at a high temperature was used to enhance its flame retardancy. The phosphorylation reaction conditions were discussed, and the surface topography, thermal degradation, heat release, and combustion properties of phosphorylated KF were studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the grafting of PA on cellulose by the formation of phosphate ester bonds. Due to the covalent binding of PA, phosphorylated KF exhibited good washing durability. The surface topography, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG), and microcalorimetry analyses revealed the excellent charring ability of phosphorylated KF. In the TG test in nitrogen, the char residue increased to 42.6% of phosphorylated KF from 8.3% of raw KF at 700 °C. In the vertical combustion, raw KF sheet was almost completely burned out within 30 s, while phosphorylated KF was very difficult to catch fire. In the microcalorimetry analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF decreased to 67 J/g∙K and 3.9 kJ/g, respectively from 237 J/g∙K and 18.1 kJ/g of raw KF. This work suggests that phosphorylated KF is an excellent flame-retardant material.
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Suparanon T, Kaewchuy S, Phusunti N, Suchaiya V, Phetwarotai W. Synergistic effect of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste and tricresyl phosphate on the properties of polylactide composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1480-1492. [PMID: 36126808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste by integrated chemical treatments of delignification, bleaching, and acidic hydrolysis. The obtained MCC (OPMC) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were used as additives for polylactide (PLA) composites. The influences of OPMC and TCP contents, separately and in combination, were evaluated on the properties of the composites. Characterization studies confirmed the successful extraction of OPMC from OPEFB waste. With regard to the properties of the PLA composite, the appropriate content of OPMC should be 5 phr. The good distribution of OPMC in the polymer matrix changed the failure behavior of the composite from brittle to ductile. All the PLA composites with TCP and OPMC showed flame inhibition and retarded ignition. The synergistic effect of TCP and OPMC resulted in outstanding improvement of impact strength and flame retardancy of composites. The impact toughness of PT10M5 increased to about 218.4 % and 72.3 % that of neat PLA and PT0M5, respectively. Moreover, PT10M5 achieved V-0 rating with high LOI (38.5 %). All these characteristics promise extended applications for PLA composite in bio, circular, and green (BCG) economies and electronics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunsuda Suparanon
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Salinee Kaewchuy
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Phusunti
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Research Group, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Voravadee Suchaiya
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkhen, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
| | - Worasak Phetwarotai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Research Group, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Physicochemical and Sorptive Properties of a Phosphorylated Mercerized Cotton Fabric. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213756. [PMID: 34771314 PMCID: PMC8588313 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A process of phosphorylation for a mercerized cotton kersey fabric was investigated. After wet oxidation, the phosphorus content in each sample was determined by spectrophotometric analysis. The range was 0.179 to 0.950 mmol g-1. A significant decrease in the tensile strength of samples resulted from an increase of phosphoric acid concentration in the phosphorylating solution. The mercerization has a positive impact on the process of phosphorylation, as the phosphorus content was found to be three times higher in the samples that underwent mercerization. The sorption properties of phosphorylated cotton fabric were studied using the Cu2+ sorption process as a reference. The value of the static exchange capacity for the phosphorylated fabric was determined to reach its maximum when the concentration of the H3PO4 in the phosphorylating solution was 1.40 M, and was found to be 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol g-1 with the phosphorus content equal to 0.898 ± 0.090 mmol g-1. The sorption of Cu2+ by a single phosphorus-containing group occurred for samples with phosphorus content not exceeding 0.80 mmol g-1. The preliminary studies of micro-quantities of 241Am, 233U, and 239Pu radionuclide sorption from aqueous solutions with phosphorylated textile demonstrated the high efficiency.
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