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Deng Y, Sheng Y, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang L, Ji P, Zhu J, Wang G, Liu B, Zhou EM, Cai X, Tu Y, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP, Mu Y, Zhao Q. A novel strategy for an anti-idiotype vaccine: nanobody mimicking neutralization epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0165023. [PMID: 38271227 PMCID: PMC10878242 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01650-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method to protect humans and animals from diseases. Anti-idiotype vaccines are safer due to their absence of pathogens. However, the commercial production of traditional anti-idiotype vaccines using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (mAb and pAb) is complex and has a high failure rate. The present study designed a novel, simple, low-cost strategy for developing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. We used porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as a viral model, which can result in serious economic loss in the pig industry. The neutralizing mAb-1E7 (Ab1) against PCV2 capsid protein (PCV2-Cap) was immunized in the camel. And 12 nanobodies against mAb-1E7 were screened. Among them, Nb61 (Ab2) targeted the idiotype epitope of mAb-1E7 and blocked mAb-1E7's binding to PCV2-Cap. Additionally, a high-dose Nb61 vaccination can also protect mice and pigs from PCV2 infection. Epitope mapping showed that mAb-1E7 recognized the 75NINDFL80 of PCV2-Cap and 101NYNDFLG107 of Nb61. Subsequently, the mAb-3G4 (Ab3) against Nb61 was produced and can neutralize PCV2 infection in the PK-15 cells. Structure analysis showed that the amino acids of mAb-1E7 and mAb-3G4 respective binding to PCV2-Cap and Nb61 were also similar on the amino acids sequences and spatial conformation. Collectively, our study first provided a strategy for producing nanobody-based anti-idiotype vaccines and identified that anti-idiotype nanobodies could mimic the antigen on amino acids and structures. Importantly, as more and more neutralization mAbs against different pathogens are prepared, anti-idiotype nanobody vaccines can be easily produced against the disease with our strategy, especially for dangerous pathogens.IMPORTANCEAnti-idiotype vaccines utilize idiotype-anti-idiotype network theory, eliminating the need for external antigens as vaccine candidates. Especially for dangerous pathogens, they were safer because they did not contact the live pathogenic microorganisms. However, developing anti-idiotype vaccines with traditional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is complex and has a high failure rate. We present a novel, universal, simple, low-cost strategy for producing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. Using a neutralization antibody against PCV2-Cap, a nanobody (Ab2) was successfully produced and could mimic the neutralizing epitope of PCV2-Cap. The nanobody can induce protective immune responses against PCV2 infection in mice and pigs. It highlighted that the anti-idiotype vaccine using nanobody has a very good application in the future, especially for dangerous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Deng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yamin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Guixi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yabin Tu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Mu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
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Zhang X, Wang J, Tan Y, Chen C, Tang S, Zhao S, Qin Q, Huang H, Duan S. Nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:12. [PMID: 38063273 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the main regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, mediating communications between the cells of the immune system and regulating biological functions, including cell motility, differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Cytokines and cytokine receptors have been used in the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases, and to intervene in cytokine storms. Indeed, the use of monoclonal antibodies to block cytokine‑receptor interactions, as well as antibody‑cytokine fusion proteins has exhibited immense potential for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Compared with these traditional types of antibodies, nanobodies not only maintain a high affinity and specificity, but also have the advantages of high thermal stability, a high capacity for chemical manipulation, low immunogenicity, good tissue permeability, rapid clearance and economic production. Thus, nanobodies have extensive potential for use in the diagnosis and treatment of cytokine‑related diseases. The present review summarizes the application of nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Chaoting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Qin
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Hansheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Duan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
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Babamohamadi M, Mohammadi N, Faryadi E, Haddadi M, Merati A, Ghobadinezhad F, Amirian R, Izadi Z, Hadjati J. Anti-CTLA-4 nanobody as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 38191571 PMCID: PMC10774412 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases and causes of death worldwide. Since common treatment approaches do not yield acceptable results in many patients, developing innovative strategies for effective treatment is necessary. Immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches that has been highly regarded for preventing tumor recurrence and new metastases. Meanwhile, inhibiting immune checkpoints is one of the most attractive methods of cancer immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential immune molecule that plays a vital role in cell cycle modulation, regulation of T cell proliferation, and cytokine production. This molecule is classically expressed by stimulated T cells. Inhibition of overexpression of immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 receptors has been confirmed as an effective strategy. In cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint-blocking drugs can be enhanced with nanobodies that target immune checkpoint molecules. Nanobodies are derived from the variable domain of heavy antibody chains. These small protein fragments have evolved entirely without a light chain and can be used as a powerful tool in imaging and treating diseases with their unique structure. They have a low molecular weight, which makes them smaller than conventional antibodies while still being able to bind to specific antigens. In addition to low molecular weight, specific binding to targets, resistance to temperature, pH, and enzymes, high ability to penetrate tumor tissues, and low toxicity make nanobodies an ideal approach to overcome the disadvantages of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In this article, while reviewing the cellular and molecular functions of CTLA-4, the structure and mechanisms of nanobodies' activity, and their delivery methods, we will explain the advantages and challenges of using nanobodies, emphasizing immunotherapy treatments based on anti-CTLA-4 nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehregan Babamohamadi
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nastaran Mohammadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Haddadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Merati
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu X, Sui J, Li C, Wang Q, Peng X, Meng F, Xu Q, Jiang N, Zhao G, Lin J. The preparation and therapeutic effects of β-glucan-specific nanobodies and nanobody-natamycin conjugates in fungal keratitis. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:398-409. [PMID: 37579912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe infectious corneal disease. Since traditional eye drops exhibit poor dissolution and high corneal toxicity, the efficacy of current treatments for FK remains limited. It is needed to develop new approaches to control the cornea damage from FK. In this study, a nanobody (Nb) specific to β-glucan in the fungal cell wall was prepared. The conjugate of the Nb with natamycin (NAT), a traditional antifungal drug, was synthesized. Firstly, we found the Nb specific to β-glucan inhibited fungal growth by disrupting cell wall and biofilm formation.. In addition, the content of β-glucan in the fungal cell wall decreased after Nb treatment. The Nb also reduced the adhesion ability of fungal conidia to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Further, we examined the difference between NAT and Nb-NAT in antifungal growth. Nb-NAT showed better antifungal effects than NAT which was caused by the interaction between Nb and β-glucan. Moreover, Nb concentration below 0.5 mg/mL did not affect the viability of HCECs. Nb-NAT had less cytotoxicity and ocular surface irritation than NAT. Nb specific to β-glucan attenuated Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) virulence and relieved inflammatory responses in FK. Nb-NAT treatment of the cornea improved therapeutic effects compared with NAT. It decreased clinical scores and expression level of inflammatory factors. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a Nb specific to β-glucan and Nb-NAT for the treatment of FK. These unique functions of the Nb specific to β-glucan and Nb-NAT would render it as an alternative molecule to control fungal infections including FK. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fungal keratitis is a corneal disease with a high rate of blindness. Due to the poor dissolution and high corneal toxicity exhibited by traditional eye drops, the efficacy of current therapeutic treatments for fungal keratitis (FK) remains limited. To enhance the therapeutic effect of natamycin in treating fungal keratitis, this study developed an innovative approach by preparing a β-glucan-specific nanobody and loading it with the antifungal drug natamycin. The β-glucan-specific nanobody has the ability to control both fungal pathogen invasion and inflammation, which can cause damage to the cornea in FK. The conjugation with the β-glucan-specific nanobody significantly increased the antifungal capacity of natamycin and reduced its toxicity. The further application of natamycin conjugated with the β-glucan-specific nanobody could be expanded to other diseases caused by fungal pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Fan X, Peng X, Wang T, Gu Y, Sun G, Shou Q, Song H, Nian R, Liu W. Optimized silk fibroin nanoparticle functionalization with anti-CEA nanobody enhancing active targeting of colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:045027. [PMID: 37321227 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acdeba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to establish a simple and feasible method to obtain silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) with uniform particles size, and then modify the SFNPs with nanobody (Nb) 11C12 targeting the proximal membrane end of carcinoembryonic antigen on the surface of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The regenerated silk fibroin (SF) was isolated using ultrafiltration tubes with a 50 kDa molecular weight cut-off, and the retention fraction (named as SF > 50 kDa) was further self-assembled into SFNPs by ethanol induction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscop showed that the SFNPs with uniform particles size were formed. Due to electrostatic adsorption and pH responsiveness, SFNPs have been proved to effectively load and release the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (DOX@SFNPs). Further, targeting molecule Nb 11C12 was used to modify these nanoparticles, constituting the targeted outer layer of the drug delivery system (DOX@SFNPs-11C12), achieving precise localization to cancer cells. The release amount of DOX observed fromin vitrodrug release profiles increased as follows: pH 7.4 < pH 6.8 < pH 5.4, demonstrating that the DOX release could be accelerated in a weakly acidic environment.In vitrocytotoxicity experiments displayed that SFNPs-11C12 nanoparticles exhibited good safety and biocompatibility. Drug-loaded nanoparticles, DOX@SFNPs-11C12, led to higher LoVo cells apoptosis compared to DOX@SFNPs. Fluorescence spectrophotometer characterization and confocal laser scanning microscopy further showed that the internalization of DOX was highest in the DOX@SFNPs-11C12, certifying that the introduced targeting molecule enhanced the uptake of drug delivery system by LoVo cells. This study provides a simple and operational approach to developing an optimized SFNPs drug delivery system modified by targeting Nb, which can be a good candidate for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochuan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Shou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Song
- Shenzhen Innova Nanobodi Co., Ltd, No. 1301 Guanguang Road, Shenzhen 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
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Smith CN, Kihn K, Williamson ZA, Chow KM, Hersh LB, Korotkov KV, Deredge D, Blackburn JS. Development and characterization of nanobodies that specifically target the oncogenic Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL-3) and impact its interaction with a known binding partner, CNNM3. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285964. [PMID: 37220097 PMCID: PMC10204944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL-3) is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The mechanisms that drive PRL-3's oncogenic functions are not well understood, partly due to a lack of research tools available to study this protein. We have begun to address these issues by developing alpaca-derived single domain antibodies, or nanobodies, targeting PRL-3 with a KD of 30-300 nM and no activity towards highly homologous family members PRL-1 and PRL-2. We found that longer and charged N-terminal tags on PRL-3, such as GFP and FLAG, changed PRL-3 localization compared to untagged protein, indicating that the nanobodies may provide new insights into PRL-3 trafficking and function. The nanobodies perform equally, if not better, than commercially available antibodies in immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) showed that the nanobodies bind partially within the PRL-3 active site and can interfere with PRL-3 phosphatase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation with a known PRL-3 active site binding partner, the CBS domain of metal transporter CNNM3, showed that the nanobodies reduced the amount of PRL-3:CBS inter-action. The potential of blocking this interaction is highly relevant in cancer, as multiple research groups have shown that PRL-3 binding to CNNM proteins is sufficient to promote metastatic growth in mouse models. The anti-PRL-3 nanobodies represent an important expansion of the research tools available to study PRL-3 function and can be used to define the role of PRL-3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kyle Kihn
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Williamson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - K. Martin Chow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Louis B. Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Konstantin V. Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daniel Deredge
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica S. Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Naidoo DB, Chuturgoon AA. The Potential of Nanobodies for COVID-19 Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:193-226. [PMID: 36656511 PMCID: PMC9850341 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Globally, there have been millions of infections and fatalities. Unfortunately, the virus has been persistent and a contributing factor is the emergence of several variants. The urgency to combat COVID-19 led to the identification/development of various diagnosis (polymerase chain reaction and antigen tests) and treatment (repurposed drugs, convalescent plasma, antibodies and vaccines) options. These treatments may treat mild symptoms and decrease the risk of life-threatening disease. Although these options have been fairly beneficial, there are some challenges and limitations, such as cost of tests/drugs, specificity, large treatment dosages, intravenous administration, need for trained personal, lengthy production time, high manufacturing costs, and limited availability. Therefore, the development of more efficient COVID-19 diagnostic and therapeutic options are vital. Nanobodies (Nbs) are novel monomeric antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid antibodies. Advantages of Nbs include low immunogenicity, high specificity, stability and affinity. These characteristics allow for rapid Nb generation, inexpensive large-scale production, effective storage, and transportation, which is essential during pandemics. Additionally, the potential aerosolization and inhalation delivery of Nbs allows for targeted treatment delivery as well as patient self-administration. Therefore, Nbs are a viable option to target SARS-CoV-2 and overcome COVID-19. In this review we discuss (1) COVID-19; (2) SARS-CoV-2; (3) the present conventional COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics, including their challenges and limitations; (4) advantages of Nbs; and (5) the numerous Nbs generated against SARS-CoV-2 as well as their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, 4013, South Africa
| | - Anil Amichund Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
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Inhibition of Chikungunya virus early replication by intracellular nanoantibodies targeting nsP2 Epitope Rich Region. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Nanocarriers: A Reliable Tool for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081566. [PMID: 36015192 PMCID: PMC9415391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines have gained popularity due to their potential therapeutic applications, especially cancer treatment. Targeted nanoparticles can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells and enable prolonged drug release, reducing off-target toxicity and increasing therapeutic efficacy. However, translating nanomedicines from preclinical to clinical settings has been difficult. Rapid advancements in nanotechnology promise to enhance cancer therapies. Nanomedicine offers advanced targeting and multifunctionality. Nanoparticles (NPs) have several uses nowadays. They have been studied as drug transporters, tumor gene delivery agents, and imaging contrast agents. Nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid, or glycan substances and synthetic polymers have been used to enhance cancer therapies. This review focuses on polymeric nanoparticle delivery strategies for anticancer nanomedicines.
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10
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Cui F, Liu J, Pang S, Li B. Recent Advance in Tumor Microenvironment-Based Stimuli-Responsive Nanoscale Drug Delivery and Imaging Platform. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929854. [PMID: 35935835 PMCID: PMC9354407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, and the extremely crucial feature is hypoxic and acidic. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), mesenchymal cells, blood vessels, and interstitial fluid are widely recognized as fundamentally crucial hallmarks for TME. As nanotechnology briskly boomed, the nanoscale drug delivery and imaging platform (NDDIP) emerged and has attracted intensive attention. Based on main characteristics of TME, NDDIP can be classified into pH-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, enzyme-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, thermo-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, redox-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, and light-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms. Furthermore, imageology is one of the significant procedures for disease detection, image-guided drug delivery, and efficacy assessment, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and fluorescence imaging. Therefore, the stimuli-responsive NDDIP will be a versatile and practicable tumor disease diagnostic procedure and efficacy evaluation tool. In this review article, we mainly introduce the characteristics of TME and summarize the progress of multitudinous NDDIP as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Li
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Liu, ; Bo Li,
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11
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Fagbadebo FO, Kaiser PD, Zittlau K, Bartlick N, Wagner TR, Froehlich T, Jarjour G, Nueske S, Scholz A, Traenkle B, Macek B, Rothbauer U. A Nanobody-Based Toolset to Monitor and Modify the Mitochondrial GTPase Miro1. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:835302. [PMID: 35359597 PMCID: PMC8960383 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.835302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM)-anchored GTPase Miro1, is a central player in mitochondrial transport and homeostasis. The dysregulation of Miro1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggests that Miro1 may be a potential biomarker or drug target in neuronal disorders. However, the molecular functionality of Miro1 under (patho-) physiological conditions is poorly known. For a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of Miro1, we have developed Miro1-specific nanobodies (Nbs) as novel research tools. We identified seven Nbs that bind either the N- or C-terminal GTPase domain of Miro1 and demonstrate their application as research tools for proteomic and imaging approaches. To visualize the dynamics of Miro1 in real time, we selected intracellularly functional Nbs, which we reformatted into chromobodies (Cbs) for time-lapse imaging of Miro1. By genetic fusion to an Fbox domain, these Nbs were further converted into Miro1-specific degrons and applied for targeted degradation of Miro1 in live cells. In summary, this study presents a collection of novel Nbs that serve as a toolkit for advanced biochemical and intracellular studies and modulations of Miro1, thereby contributing to the understanding of the functional role of Miro1 in disease-derived model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Zittlau
- Quantitative Proteomics, Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natascha Bartlick
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R. Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Froehlich
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Grace Jarjour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Quantitative Proteomics, Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrich Rothbauer,
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