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Szalus K, Trzeciak M. The Role of Collagens in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7647. [PMID: 39062889 PMCID: PMC11276735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting both children and adults. The clinical picture of AD manifests in typical skin lesions, such as localized eczema and dry skin, with dominant, persistent itching that leads to sleep disturbances. The pathophysiology of AD has been extensively investigated with respect to epigenetic and genetic factors, skin barrier defects, as well as immunological and microbial disorders. However, to date, the involvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) elements has received limited attention. Collagen, a major component of the ECM, may serve as a therapeutic target for the future treatment of AD. This paper summarizes the role of collagens, which are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
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Soutelino MEM, Rocha RDS, de Oliveira BCR, Mársico ET, Silva ACDO. Technological aspects and health effects of hydrolyzed collagen and application in dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6120-6128. [PMID: 36625363 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2163974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of a consumer market increasingly concerned with food and healthy lifestyle habits, the search for functional products has increased in the last years. In this context, dairy products are relevant since they are already included in the consumer's diet. Furthermore, hydrolyzed collagen stands out among products with bioactive action, as it promotes the reduction of the incidence of arthritis, osteoporosis, hypertension, obesity, and premature aging and contains healing, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In addition to health benefits, the addition of these ingredients to dairy products can influence physical, chemical, rheological, microbiological, and sensory characteristics, such as: decreased syneresis and improved texture of fermented milks; viscosity increase in dairy beverage; increased proteolytic activity in cheeses; and increasing the viability of probiotics, without significantly altering the quality standards of the legislation. Despite the benefits described, more studies are needed to evaluate these effects in different dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon da Silva Rocha
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Food Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology from Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Teixeira Mársico
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Juhaščik M, Štarmanová K, Brandejsová M, Večeřová P, Hermannová M, Exnerová A, Vagnerová H, Štrympl O, Nešporová K, Kováčik A, Velebný V, Huerta-Ángeles G. Synthesis and self-assembling of hyaluronan grafted with ceramide NP for topical drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121283. [PMID: 37739524 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, amphiphilic hyaluronan was synthesized by grafting succinylated N-oleoyl-phytosphingosine via esters bonds. Succinylated N-oleoyl-phytosphingosine (sCER) was first prepared by esterification of hydroxyl moieties of the ceramide with succinic anhydride. The esterification of hyaluronan was governed by crowding effect. The oligomeric HA-sCER derivatives exhibited a strong self-aggregation as evidenced by a very low critical aggregation concentration (1.9 μg mL-1), higher pyrene binding constant (KB), and the smallest particle size (30 nm) in solution. The self-aggregation properties demonstrated to be a function of the substitution degree and molecular weight of HA. The prepared derivatives were non-cytotoxic towards cell lines NIH-3T3. Nanoparticles prepared using oligomeric HA-sCER derivatives improved the penetration of Nile red dye through the stratum corneum due to their smaller size (≤50 nm). The fluorescence intensity localized at the stratum corneum was higher for oligomeric HA-sCER. A significant inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 production was observed in vitro in macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells. These findings showed that HA-sCER constituted a promising active ingredient for cosmetics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juhaščik
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Petra Večeřová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrea Exnerová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vagnerová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Štrympl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavová 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrej Kováčik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Gloria Huerta-Ángeles
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Kim HM, Jin BR, Lee JS, Jo EH, Park MC, An HJ. Anti-atopic dermatitis effect of fish collagen on house dust mite-induced mice and HaCaT keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14888. [PMID: 37689763 PMCID: PMC10492863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen, a major structural protein in mammalian tissues, is effective against skin wounds and osteoarthritis. Although bovine and porcine collagens have mainly been used, several potential risks of mammalian collagen have led to the use of fish collagen (FC) as an alternative. FC and its peptides are used as common cosmeceutical products because of their antihypertensive, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant activities. Despite the effects of FC on wrinkle reduction, UV-protection, and wound healing, the relationship between FC and atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-AD effects of FC against house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae, HDM)-induced AD in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. FC alleviated AD apparent symptoms, such as dermatitis score, transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration upon declining pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, and TNF-α. The skin barrier protein, filaggrin, was also recovered by FC administration in vivo and in vitro. Immune response and skin barrier dysfunction are both mitigated by three routes of FC administration: oral, topical, and both routes via the regulation of IκB, MAPKs, and STATs pathways. In summary, FC could be a potential therapeutic agent for AD by regulating immune balance and skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Lee
- R&D Institute, Haewon Biotech, Inc., Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Kitano H, Ishikawa T, Masaoka Y, Komiyama K, Takahashi M, Hidai C. The EGF Motif With CXDXXXXYXCXC Sequence Suppresses Fibrosis in a Mouse Skin Wound Model. In Vivo 2023; 37:1486-1497. [PMID: 37369508 PMCID: PMC10347959 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fibrosis is an essential process for wound healing, but excessive fibrosis, such as keloids and hypertrophic scars, can cause cosmetic and functional problems. These lesions are caused by abnormal deposition and shrinkage of collagen fibers. The light chain of FIX, a plasma protein essential for hemostasis, has the amino acid sequence CXDXXXXYXCXC in the EGF domain. Peptides containing this sequence inhibited stromal growth in a mouse transplant tumor model. In this study, the effect of the FIX light chain on wound healing was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS A full-layer wound was made on the back of each mouse, and cDNA encoding the light chain of mouse FIX (F9-LC) in an expression vector was injected locally once each week using a non-viral vector. Histochemical analysis of the wound was then performed to assess the effects on wound healing. Moreover, the effect of F9-LC on fibroblasts was studied in vitro. RESULTS Macroscopic observation showed that wounds with forced expression of F9-LC appeared flatter and had fewer wrinkles than control wounds. Tissue collagen staining and immunostaining revealed that administration of F9-LC suppressed collagen 1 and 3 deposition and decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression. Electron microscopy revealed sparse and disorganized collagen fibers in the F9-LC-treated mice. In experiments using fibroblasts, addition of a recombinant protein of the FIX light chain disrupted the typical spindle shape and alignment of fibroblasts. CONCLUSION F9-LC is a new candidate for use in treatments to regulate excessive fibrosis and contraction in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kitano
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ishikawa
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Masaoka
- Division of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komiyama
- Division of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Division of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hidai
- Division of Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Xiao X, Hu X, Yao J, Cao W, Zou Z, Wang L, Qin H, Zhong D, Li Y, Xue P, Jin R, Li Y, Shi Y, Li J. The role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1083432. [PMID: 36817115 PMCID: PMC9932284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of gut microbes that can modulate the host inflammatory response, and contribute to health and homeostasis. Since the introduction of the gut-skin axis concept, the link between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases has attracted considerable attention. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the role of SCFAs in skin inflammation, and the correlation between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and psoriasis. Studies show that SCFAs are signaling factors in the gut-skin axis and can alleviate skin inflammation. The information presented in this review provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving gut-skin axis regulation, along with possible pathways that can be targeted for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xiao
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshen Hu
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Zou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiwen Xue
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yunzhou Shi,
| | - Juan Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Juan Li,
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Kumar D, Dua K, Tiwari S. Localized Delivery of Bioactives using Structured Liposomal Gels. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3206-3220. [PMID: 37974442 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128263001231102053654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have gained a lot of interest for drug delivery applications, and some of these preparations have been commercialized. These are formulated with biocompatible components and can be used for delivering a wide range of payloads differing in aqueous solubility and molecular weight. Liposome-based delivery approaches are limited mainly by two factors: (a) poor dispersion stability, and (b) pre-mature leakage of payloads. In this review, we have discussed the stabilization of liposomal vesicles by their entrapment in hydrogels. Studies reveal that such hydrogels can maintain the structural integrity of liposomes. Release of liposomes from the hydrogel network can be modulated through careful screening of matrix former and degree of its cross-linking. Accordingly, we have reviewed the approaches of stabilizing liposomal vesicles through entrapment in hydrogels. Application of liposome-embedded hydrogels has been reviewed in context of localized drug delivery. Our discussion is focussed on the delivery of bioactives to the skin. Such an approach appears alluring from the standpoint of minimizing the undesirable distribution of payload(s) the systemic circulation and off-target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
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Mi XJ, Kim JK, Lee S, Moon SK, Kim YJ, Kim H. In vitro assessment of the anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing effects of Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. On human keratinocytes and identification of its bioactive phytochemicals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115523. [PMID: 35809756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The meadowsweet family (genus Filipendula) includes about 30 species, which have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Particularily, F. palmata (Pall.) Maxim. (Siberian meadowsweet) were traditionally and widely used as an ethnic herb in the Oroqen application. AIM OF THE STUDY Limited studies have been documented on most species, except for two main species, F. ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and F. vulgaris Moench. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing effects of 70% ethanolic extract (FPE) of F. palmata on human epidermal keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with FPE under different conditions. Quantitative real time-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting methods were used to evaluate the effect and molecular mechanism of the cells treated with FPE. The bioactive compounds in FPE, which are responsible for biological activities, was explored using mass spectrometric analysis. RESULTS FPE did not show a cytotoxic effect on the cells at concentrations below 200 μg/mL. FPE significantly suppressed the intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide of inflamed HaCaT cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ (T + I) and inflammatory chemokine genes and proteins, such as CC chemokine ligands (CCL5, CCL17, and CCL27) and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL8). These anti-inflammatory activities of FPE were mediated by the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In normal HaCaT cells, FPE significantly promoted the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) via the downregulation of hyaluronidase (HYAL1 and HYAL2) and upregulation of hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) genes, and these effects seemed to be associated with the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated that FPE contains four flavonoids, including (+)-catechin, miquelianin, scutellarin, and quercitrin, as its major phytochemicals. Finally, we demonstrated that miquelianin and quercitrin contribute partially to the anti-inflammatory and HA-producing activity of FPE without cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that topical applications of FPE can be utilized as an alternative therapy for treating skin inflammation. Additionally, our findings serve as a reference in applying FPE as a functional ingredient to treat inflammatory skin diseases and promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyu Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Thompson EL, Pitcher LE, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Targeting Cellular Senescence with Senotherapeutics: Development of New Approaches for Skin Care. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:12S-19S. [PMID: 36170431 PMCID: PMC9529240 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Aging of the skin is evidenced by increased wrinkles, age spots, dryness, and thinning with decreased elasticity. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors including UV, pollution, and inflammation lead to an increase in senescent cells (SnCs) in skin with age that contribute to these observed pathological changes. Cellular senescence is induced by multiple types of damage and stress and is characterized by the irreversible exit from the cell cycle with upregulation of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4a and p21CIP1. Most SnCs also developed an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drives further pathology through paracrine effects on neighboring cells and endocrine effects on cells at a distance. Recently, compounds able to kill senescent cells specifically, termed senolytics, or suppress the SASP, termed senomorphics, have been developed that have the potential to improve skin aging as well as systemic aging in general. Here, we provide a summary of the evidence for a key role in cellular senescence in driving skin aging. In addition, the evidence for the potential application of senotherapeutics for skin treatments is presented. Overall, topical, and possibly oral senotherapeutic treatments have tremendous potential to eventually become a standard of care for skin aging and related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Thompson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Louise E Pitcher
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Paul D Robbins
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
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The Role of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in Wound Healing: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030087. [PMID: 35892357 PMCID: PMC9326521 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a 3-dimensional structure and an essential component in all human tissues. It is comprised of varying proteins, including collagens, elastin, and smaller quantities of structural proteins. Studies have demonstrated the ECM aids in cellular adherence, tissue anchoring, cellular signaling, and recruitment of cells. During times of integumentary injury or damage, either acute or chronic, the ECM is damaged. Through a series of overlapping events called the wound healing phases—hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling—the ECM is synthesized and ideally returned to its native state. This article synthesizes current and historical literature to demonstrate the involvement of the ECM in the varying phases of the wound healing cascade.
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