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Borkenstein AF, Borkenstein EM, Presser A. Calculated Drug Concentrations in Currently Available Intravitreal Therapies: Determination of Dilution Factor and Deviation From Recommended Doses. Cureus 2024; 16:e65888. [PMID: 39092383 PMCID: PMC11291181 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In ophthalmology, intravitreal therapies are currently not personalized/customized and are not adjusted to the individual vitreous volume. With reference to the recently published calculation formula for a more accurate estimation of the vitreous body, we determined the dose of intravitreal medication for different vitreous volumes and compared them with the average volume. Using the axial length of the eye, the formula for the vitreous volume exact (VIVEX) can provide a more accurate indication of the vitreous volume in individual cases than an assumed standard volume of 4 mL. The concentration of active substances in small eyes may be twice as high as that in normal-sized emmetropic eyes. In contrast, large eyes may show less than half of the recommended drug concentration. The calculated concentrations of the investigated intravitreal drugs in small and large eyeballs showed impressive differences with large deviations from the recommended doses. Further systematic studies should follow to find out whether this has any impact on the effectiveness or side effects of the injected drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Borkenstein
- Ophthalmology, Borkenstein and Borkenstein, Private Practice at Privatklinik Kreuzschwestern Graz, Graz, AUT
| | - Eva-Maria Borkenstein
- Ophthalmology, Borkenstein and Borkenstein, Private Practice at Privatklinik Kreuzschwestern Graz, Graz, AUT
| | - Armin Presser
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, AUT
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2
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Kazemi MS, Shoari A, Salehibakhsh N, Aliabadi HAM, Abolhosseini M, Arab SS, Ahmadieh H, Kanavi MR, Behdani M. Anti-angiogenic biomolecules in neovascular age-related macular degeneration; therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124258. [PMID: 38782152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Blindness in the elderly is often caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The advanced type of AMD known as neovascular AMD (nAMD) has been linked to being the predominant cause of visual impairment in these people. Multiple neovascular structures including choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes, fluid exudation, hemorrhages, and subretinal fibrosis, are diagnostic of nAMD. These pathological alterations ultimately lead to anatomical and visual loss. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a type of proangiogenic factor, mediates the pathological process underlying nAMD. Therefore, various therapies have evolved to directly target the disease. In this review article, an attempt has been made to discuss general explanations about this disease, all common treatment methods based on anti-VEGF drugs, and the use of drug delivery systems in the treatment of AMD. Initially, the pathophysiology, angiogenesis, and different types of AMD were described. Then we described current treatments and future treatment prospects for AMD and outlined the advantages and disadvantages of each. In this context, we first examined the types of therapeutic biomolecules and anti-VEGF drugs that are used in the treatment of AMD. These biomolecules include aptamers, monoclonal antibodies, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, peptides, fusion proteins, nanobodies, and other therapeutic biomolecules. Finally, we described drug delivery systems based on liposomes, nanomicelles, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, cyclodextrin, dendrimers, and composite vehicles that are used in AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Salar Kazemi
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Neda Salehibakhsh
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran.
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3
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Liu X, Huang K, Zhang F, Huang G, Wang L, Wu G, Ren H, Yang G, Lin Z. Multifunctional nano-in-micro delivery systems for targeted therapy in fundus neovascularization diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:354. [PMID: 38902775 PMCID: PMC11191225 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundus neovascularization diseases are a series of blinding eye diseases that seriously impair vision worldwide. Currently, the means of treating these diseases in clinical practice are continuously evolving and have rapidly revolutionized treatment opinions. However, key issues such as inadequate treatment effectiveness, high rates of recurrence, and poor patient compliance still need to be urgently addressed. Multifunctional nanomedicine can specifically respond to both endogenous and exogenous microenvironments, effectively deliver drugs to specific targets and participate in activities such as biological imaging and the detection of small molecules. Nano-in-micro (NIM) delivery systems such as metal, metal oxide and up-conversion nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, and carbon materials, have shown certain advantages in overcoming the presence of physiological barriers within the eyeball and are widely used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Few studies, however, have evaluated the efficacy of NIM delivery systems in treating fundus neovascular diseases (FNDs). The present study describes the main clinical treatment strategies and the adverse events associated with the treatment of FNDs with NIM delivery systems and summarizes the anatomical obstacles that must be overcome. In this review, we wish to highlight the principle of intraocular microenvironment normalization, aiming to provide a more rational approach for designing new NIM delivery systems to treat specific FNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Fuxiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ge Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guiyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhiqing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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4
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Mulkutkar M, Damani M, Sawarkar S. Polymeric microneedles for the eye: An overview of advances and ocular applications for minimally invasive drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114209. [PMID: 38336234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is challenging due to the presence of tissue barriers and clearance mechanisms. Most widely used topical formulations need frequent application because of poor permeability, short retention, and low bioavailability. Invasive intraocular injections and implants that deliver drugs at the target site are associated with infections, inflammation, and even vision loss post-use. These gaps can be addressed by a delivery platform that can efficiently deliver drug with minimal tissue damage. Microneedles were introduced as a delivery platform for overcoming dermal barriers with minimal tissue damage. After the successful clinical transition of microneedles in the transdermal drug delivery, they are now being extensively studied for ocular applications. The attributes of minimally invasive application and the capability to deliver a wide range of therapeutics make microneedles an attractive candidate for ocular drug delivery. The current manuscript provides a detailed overview of the recent advancements in the field of microneedles for ocular use. This paper reviews research focusing on polymeric microneedles and their pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties. A brief discussion about their clinical translation and regulatory concerns is also covered. The multitude of research articles supports the fact that microneedles are a potential, minimally invasive drug delivery platform for ophthalmic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Mulkutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Mansi Damani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
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Appell MB, Pejavar J, Pasupathy A, Rompicharla SVK, Abbasi S, Malmberg K, Kolodziejski P, Ensign LM. Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases. J Control Release 2024; 367:708-736. [PMID: 38295996 PMCID: PMC10960710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the visual system encompass glaucoma, macular degeneration, retinopathies, and inherited genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa. These ocular pathologies pose a serious burden of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Current treatment modalities include small molecule drugs, biologics, or gene therapies, most of which are administered topically as eye drops or as injectables. However, the topical route of administration faces challenges in effectively reaching the posterior segment and achieving desired concentrations at the target site, while injections and implants risk severe complications, such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. This necessitates the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that can prolong drug release, deliver effective concentrations to the back of the eye with minimal systemic exposure, and improve patient compliance and safety. In this review, we introduce retinal degenerative diseases, followed by a discussion of the existing clinical standard of care. We then delve into detail about drug and gene delivery systems currently in preclinical and clinical development, including formulation and delivery advantages/drawbacks, with a special emphasis on potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Appell
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jahnavi Pejavar
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ashwin Pasupathy
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sri Vishnu Kiran Rompicharla
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Saed Abbasi
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kiersten Malmberg
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Patricia Kolodziejski
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Jiang H, Li L, Li Z, Chu X. Metal-based nanoparticles in antibacterial application in biomedical field: Current development and potential mechanisms. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:12. [PMID: 38261085 PMCID: PMC10806003 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The rise in drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria greatly endangers public health in the post-antibiotic era, and drug-resistant bacteria currently pose a great challenge not only to the community but also to clinical procedures, including surgery, stent implantation, organ transplantation, and other medical procedures involving any open wound and compromised human immunity. Biofilm-associated drug failure, as well as rapid resistance to last-resort antibiotics, necessitates the search for novel treatments against bacterial infection. In recent years, the flourishing development of nanotechnology has provided new insights for exploiting promising alternative therapeutics for drug-resistant bacteria. Metallic agents have been applied in antibacterial usage for several centuries, and the functional modification of metal-based biomaterials using nanotechnology has now attracted great interest in the antibacterial field, not only for their intrinsic antibacterial nature but also for their ready on-demand functionalization and enhanced interaction with bacteria, rendering them with good potential in further translation. However, the possible toxicity of MNPs to the host cells and tissue still hinders its application, and current knowledge on their interaction with cellular pathways is not enough. This review will focus on recent advances in developing metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), including silver, gold, copper, and other metallic nanoparticles, for antibacterial applications, and their potential mechanisms of interaction with pathogenic bacteria as well as hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Emergency, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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7
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Hu W, Cai W, Wu Y, Ren C, Yu D, Li T, Shen T, Xu D, Yu J. Topical Application of Cell-Penetrating Peptide Modified Anti-VEGF Drug Alleviated Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:35-51. [PMID: 38187905 PMCID: PMC10771783 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s428684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stands as the foremost cause of irreversible central vision impairment, marked by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The prevailing clinical approach to AMD treatment relies on intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs. However, this method is encumbered by diverse complications, prompting exploration of non-invasive alternatives such as ocular administration via eye drops for anti-VEGF therapy. Methods Two complexes, 5-FITC-CPP-Ranibizumab (5-FCR) and 5-FITC-CPP-Conbercept (5-FCC), were synthesized by incorporating the anti-VEGF drugs Ranibizumab (RBZ) or Conbercept (CBC) with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Circular dichroism spectrum (CD) facilitated complexes characterization. Eye drops was utilized to address laser-induced CNV in mice. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) observe the CNV lesion, while FITC-dextran and IB4 dual fluorescent staining, along with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, assessed in lesion size. Tissue immunofluorescence examined CD31 and VEGF expression in choroidal/retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tissues. Biocompatibility and biosafety of 5-FCR and 5-FCC was evaluated through histological examination of various organs or cell experiments. Results Both 5-FCR and 5-FCC exhibited favorable biocompatibility and safety profiles. VEGF-induced migration of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly decreased post-5-FCR/5-FCC treatment. Additionally, both complexes suppressed VEGF-induced tube formation in HUVECs. FFA results revealed a significant improvement in retinal exudation in mice. Histological examination unveiled the lesion areas in the 5-FCR and 5-FCC groups showed a significant reduction compared to the control group. Similar outcomes were observed in histological sections of the RPE-choroid-sclera flat mounts. Conclusion In this study, utilizing the properties of CPP and two anti-VEGF drugs, we successfully synthesized two complexes, 5-FCR and 5-FCC, through a straightforward approach. Effectively delivering the anti-VEGF drugs to the target area in a non-invasive manner, suppressing the progression of laser-induced CNV. This offers a novel approach for the treatment of wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Wu KY, Akbar D, Giunta M, Kalevar A, Tran SD. Hydrogels in Ophthalmology: Novel Strategies for Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:86. [PMID: 38203940 PMCID: PMC10780040 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The human eye's intricate anatomical and physiological design necessitates tailored approaches for managing ocular diseases. Recent advancements in ophthalmology underscore the potential of hydrogels as a versatile therapeutic tool, owing to their biocompatibility, adaptability, and customizability. This review offers an exploration of hydrogel applications in ophthalmology over the past five years. Emphasis is placed on their role in optimized drug delivery for the posterior segment and advancements in intraocular lens technology. Hydrogels demonstrate the capacity for targeted, controlled, and sustained drug release in the posterior segment of the eye, potentially minimizing invasive interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. Furthermore, in intraocular lens domains, hydrogels showcase potential in post-operative drug delivery, disease sensing, and improved biocompatibility. However, while their promise is immense, most hydrogel-based studies remain preclinical, necessitating rigorous clinical evaluations. Patient-specific factors, potential complications, and the current nascent stage of research should inform their clinical application. In essence, the incorporation of hydrogels into ocular therapeutics represents a seminal convergence of material science and medicine, heralding advancements in patient-centric care within ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michel Giunta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Ananda Kalevar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Choi W, Nensel AK, Droho S, Fattah MA, Mokashi-Punekar S, Swygart DI, Burton ST, Schwartz GW, Lavine JA, Gianneschi NC. Thrombospondin-1 proteomimetic polymers exhibit anti-angiogenic activity in a neovascular age-related macular degeneration mouse model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi8534. [PMID: 37831763 PMCID: PMC10575579 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Current therapy includes monthly intraocular injections of anti-VEGF antibodies, which are ineffective in up to one third of patients. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) inhibits angiogenesis via CD36 binding, and its down-regulated expression is negatively associated with the onset of nAMD. Here, we describe TSP1 mimetic protein-like polymers (TSP1 PLPs). TSP1 PLPs bind CD36 with high affinity, resist degradation, show prolonged intraocular half-lives (13.1 hours), have no toxicity at relevant concentrations in vivo (40 μM), and are more efficacious in ex vivo choroidal sprouting assays compared to the peptide sequence and Eylea (aflibercept), the current standard of care anti-VEGF treatment. Furthermore, PLPs exhibit superior in vivo efficacy in a mouse model for nAMD compared to control PLPs consisting of scrambled peptide sequences, using fluorescein angiography and immunofluorescence. Since TSP-1 inhibits angiogenesis by VEGF-dependent and independent mechanisms, TSP1 PLPs are a potential therapeutic for patients with anti-VEGF treatment-resistant nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ashley K. Nensel
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Steven Droho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mara A. Fattah
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Soumitra Mokashi-Punekar
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David I. Swygart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg School of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Spencer T. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Greg W. Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg School of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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10
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Yao H, Xu H, Wu M, Lei W, Li L, Liu D, Wang Z, Ran H, Ma H, Zhou X. Targeted long-term noninvasive treatment of choroidal neovascularization by biodegradable nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:536-551. [PMID: 37196903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the main cause of vision loss in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Currently, treatment of these conditions requires repeated intravitreal injections, which may lead to complications such as infection and hemorrhage. So, we have developed a noninvasive method for treating CNV with nanoparticles, namely, Angiopoietin1-anti CD105-PLGA nanoparticles (AAP NPs), which targets the CNV to enhance drug accumulation at the site. These nanoparticles, with PLGA as a carrier, can slowly release encapsulated Angiopoietin 1 (Ang 1) and target the choroidal neovascularization marker CD105 to enhance drug accumulation, increases vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expression between vascular endothelial cells, effectively reduce neovascularization leakage and inhibit Angiopoietin 2(Ang 2) secretion by endothelial cells. In a rat model of laser-induced CNV, intravenous injection of AAP NPs exerted a good therapeutic effect in reducing CNV leakage and area. In short, these synthetic AAP NPs provide an effective alternative treatment for AMD and meet the urgent need for noninvasive treatment in neovascular ophthalmopathy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work describes the synthesis, injection-mediated delivery, in vitro and in vivo efficacy of targeted nanoparticles with encapsulated Ang1; via these nanoparticles, the drug can be targeted to choroidal neovascularization lesions for continuous treatment. The release of Ang1 can effectively reduce neovascularization leakage, maintain vascular stability, and inhibit Ang2 secretion and inflammation. This study provides a new approach for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China
| | - Wulong Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lanjiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Danning Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Huafeng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China.
| | - Xiyuan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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11
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Hovanesian J, Singh IP, Bauskar A, Vantipalli S, Ozden RG, Goldstein MH. Identifying and addressing common contributors to nonadherence with ophthalmic medical therapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2023; 34:S1-S13. [PMID: 36951648 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss common reasons for nonadherence and review existing and emerging options to reduce nonadherence with ocular medical therapy and optimize therapeutic outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Nonadherence can arise from patient-related issues (e.g. physical, cognitive) and healthcare-related issues (e.g. cost, access to care). Multiple strategies have been developed and evaluated to overcome these barriers to adherence. Identifying nonadherence and its cause(s) facilitates the development of strategies to overcome it. SUMMARY Many common causes of nonadherence can be mitigated through a variety of strategies presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Paul Singh
- The Eye Centers of Racine and Kenosha, Racine, Wisconsin
| | - Aditi Bauskar
- Ocular Therapeutix, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts USA
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12
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Liu M, Huang Y, Tao C, Yang W, Chen J, Zhu L, Pan T, Narain R, Nan K, Chen Y. Self-Healing Alginate Hydrogel Formed by Dynamic Benzoxaborolate Chemistry Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells against Oxidative Damage. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010024. [PMID: 36661792 PMCID: PMC9857501 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as a major factor causing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and finally leading to retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Developing hydrogels for RPE cell delivery, especially those with antioxidant feature, is emerging as a promising approach for AMD treatment. Herein, a readily prepared antioxidant alginate-based hydrogel was developed to serve as a cytoprotective agent for RPE cells against oxidative damage. Alg-BOB was synthesized via conjugation of benzoxaborole (BOB) to the polysaccharide backbone. Hydrogels were formed through self-crosslinking of Alg-BOB based on benzoxaborole-diol complexation. The resulting hydrogel showed porous micro-structure, pH dependent mechanical strength and excellent self-healing, remolding, and injectable properties. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and could efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve an enhanced viability of ARPE-19 cells under oxidative condition. Altogether, our study reveals that the antioxidant Alg-BOB hydrogel represents an eligible candidate for RPE delivery and AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yate Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chunwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Junrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Tonghe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (K.N.); (Y.C.)
| | - Kaihui Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (K.N.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (K.N.); (Y.C.)
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13
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Sampathi S, Tiriya PK, Dodoala S, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Development of Biocompatible Ciprofloxacin-Gold Nanoparticle Coated Sutures for Surgical Site Infections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102130. [PMID: 36297565 PMCID: PMC9608442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are mainly observed after surgeries that use biomaterials. The aim of this present work was to develop ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPH)-loaded gold nanoparticles. These ciprofloxacin-gold nanoparticles were coated onto a sterile surgical suture using an adsorption technique, followed by rigidization via ionotropic crosslinking using sodium alginate. Furthermore, UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the samples. The particle size of the nanoparticles was 126.2 ± 13.35 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.134 ± 0.03, indicating nanosize formation with a monodispersed system. As per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, stability studies were performed for 30 days under the following conditions: 2-8 °C, 25 ± 2 °C/60 ± 5% RH, and 40 ± 2 °C/75 ± 5% RH. For both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the drug-coupled nanoparticle-laden sutures showed a twofold higher zone of inhibition compared with plain drug-coated sutures. In vitro drug release studies showed a prolonged release of up to 180 h. Hemolysis and histopathology studies displayed these sutures' acceptable biocompatibility with the healing of tissue in Albino Swiss mice. The results depict that the use of antibiotic-coated sutures for preventing surgical site infection for a long duration could be a viable clinical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Sampathi
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Tiriya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Viswavidyalayam, Tirupati 517502, India
| | - Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
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Vyawahare H, Shinde P. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus 2022; 14:e29583. [PMID: 36312607 PMCID: PMC9595233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest global root of irremediable amaurosis in the venerable is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex eye condition. Clinically, AMD is characterized as being in an early stage to late stage and initially affects the macula, which is the center of the retina (advanced AMD). Age-related cellular and metabolic imbalance are made worse by the creation of excessive amounts of free radical species, which causes mitochondrial malfunction. As a result, in AMD-affected eyes, the deprivation of melanocytes, confection, and eventually atrophy within the retinal tissue are caused by the continued proliferation of oxidative stress caused by systemic antioxidant capacity depletion. In the urbanized, industrialized world, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of central vision loss in the older age group. Although several causes and mechanisms for the dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have previously been identified, the condition’s symptoms are still not fully understood. Etiopathogenesis is still not entirely understood. As a result, the RPE fails, allowing an accumulation of aberrant misfolded proteins, due to the loss of anatomical control over oppression, altered homeostasis, dysfunctional lipid homeostasis, and failure of mitochondria. Due to the multitude of interconnected processes, numerous complicated therapy combinations will probably be the best option to deliver the best visual outcomes; these combinations will vary depending on the kind and degree of the condition being treated. Undoubtedly, this will lead to the development of customized preventative medications and, hopefully, the revelation of a potential cure. All the mechanisms involved in the etiology of AMD should be continuously probed to create covariates for other contemporaneous or future problems.
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15
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Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Diabetic Studies of Gliclazide Nanosuspension. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091947. [PMID: 36145695 PMCID: PMC9500859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliclazide (GCZ), an antidiabetic medication, has poor solubility and limited oral bioavailability due to substantial first-pass metabolism. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to optimize and formulate a GCZ nanosuspension (NS) employing the antisolvent precipitation technique. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to examine the impact of the primary formulation factors (drug concentration, stabilizer, and surfactant %) on particle size. The optimized NS contains 29.6 mg/mL drug, 0.739% lecithin, and 0.216% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Under scanning microscopy, the topography of NS revealed spherical particles. Furthermore, NS had a much better saturation solubility than the pure material, which resulted in a rapid dissolving rate, which was attributed to the amorphous structure and smaller particle size of the NS particles. Studies on intestinal permeability using the in vitro noneverted intestinal sac gut method (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and single-pass intestinal permeability (SPIP) techniques showed that the effective permeability was also increased by more than 3 fold. In the pharmacokinetic study, the Cmax and AUC0–t values of NS were approximately 3.35- and 1.9-fold higher than those of the raw medication and marketed formulation (MF). When compared to plain drug and commercial formulations, the antidiabetic efficacy of NS demonstrated that it had a significant impact on lowering glucose levels.
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16
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Junnuthula V, Kolimi P, Nyavanandi D, Sampathi S, Vora LK, Dyawanapelly S. Polymeric Micelles for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Updates, Clinical Translation and Regulatory Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091860. [PMID: 36145608 PMCID: PMC9501124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing burden of cancer, parallel advancements in anticancer nanotechnological solutions have been witnessed. Among the different types of cancers, breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% and leads to 15% of deaths. Nanomedicine and its allied fields of material science have revolutionized the science of medicine in the 21st century. Novel treatments have paved the way for improved drug delivery systems that have better efficacy and reduced adverse effects. A variety of nanoformulations using lipids, polymers, inorganic, and peptide-based nanomedicines with various functionalities are being synthesized. Thus, elaborate knowledge of these intelligent nanomedicines for highly promising drug delivery systems is of prime importance. Polymeric micelles (PMs) are generally easy to prepare with good solubilization properties; hence, they appear to be an attractive alternative over the other nanosystems. Although an overall perspective of PM systems has been presented in recent reviews, a brief discussion has been provided on PMs for breast cancer. This review provides a discussion of the state-of-the-art PMs together with the most recent advances in this field. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on regulatory guidelines, clinical translation potential, and future aspects of the use of PMs in breast cancer treatment. The recent developments in micelle formulations look promising, with regulatory guidelines that are now more clearly defined; hence, we anticipate early clinical translation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (V.J.); (S.D.)
| | - Praveen Kolimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Pharmaceutical Development Services, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Sunitha Sampathi
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Correspondence: (V.J.); (S.D.)
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17
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Patel R, Dube A, Solanki R, Khunt D, Parikh S, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Structural Elucidation of Alkali Degradation Impurities of Favipiravir from the Oral Suspension: UPLC-TQ-ESI-MS/MS and NMR. Molecules 2022; 27:5606. [PMID: 36080375 PMCID: PMC9457609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel stability-indicating, reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of favipiravir in an oral suspension. The effective separation of favipiravir and its degradation products was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (5 μm particle size, 150 mm length × 4.6 mm diameter). The mobile phase was prepared by mixing 5 mM of phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) and methanol in a 75:25 v/v ratio delivered at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The eluents were monitored using a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 322 nm. The stability-indicating nature of this method was evaluated by performing force degradation studies under various stress conditions, such as acidic, alkali, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic degradation. Significant degradation was observed during the alkali stress degradation condition. The degradation products generated during various stress conditions were well separated from the favipiravir peak. In addition, the major degradation product formed under alkali stress conditions was identified using UPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS and NMR. Method validation was performed according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline requirements. The developed method is simple, accurate, robust, and reliable for routine quality control analysis of favipiravir oral suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Patel
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Dube
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravisinh Solanki
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India
| | - Shalin Parikh
- Senores Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad 380058, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091807. [PMID: 36145555 PMCID: PMC9505616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.
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19
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Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin Nanosuspension: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Osteoporotic Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071449. [PMID: 35890343 PMCID: PMC9323949 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) is a flavonoid and has been reported as an anti-osteoporotic agent. However, poor bioavailability may limit the anti-osteoporotic potential of the drug. The purpose of the study was to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of naringenin nanosuspension (NRG-NS) with the NRG and standard therapeutic drug, raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX). Here, NRG-NS showed anti-osteoporotic activity in MG-63 cells by upregulating the osteocalcin levels. The in vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of NRG-NS was further investigated in an osteoporotic rat model to mimic the post-menopausal condition. The animals were randomized and separated into six groups. The animals were treated with RLX (p.o., 5.4 mg/kg), NRG (p.o., 20 mg/kg), NRG-NS (p.o., 20 mg/kg), and blank-NS for 60 days after completion of a 30-day post-surgery period and compared with control and ovariectomized (OVX) groups. After the treatment, body and uterine weights, biochemical estimation in serum (calcium, phosphorus, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin), bone parameters (length, diameter, dry weight, density, ash weight, bone mineral content) and bone microarchitecture by histopathology were determined. The results showed the protective effects of NRG-NS on osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The biochemical estimations confirmed the normalization of parameters viz., alkaline phosphatase, calcium concentrations, and bone density with a decrease in levels of acid phosphatase and inorganic phosphorus with NRG-NS as compared to plain NRG. The results indicated that the oral administration of NRG-NS could be a potential therapeutic formulation for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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20
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Huang Y, Zhu Y, Cai D, Guo Q, Wang J, Lei L, Li X, Shi S. Penetrating-peptide-mediated non-invasive Axitinib delivery for anti-neovascularisation. J Control Release 2022; 347:449-459. [PMID: 35537538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The unique physiological makeup of the eye limits the use of small-molecule drugs for treating the posterior segment of the eye. Nevertheless, transmembrane-peptide-mediated non-invasive drug delivery can serve as an ideal treatment strategy, as it is capable of delivering small-molecule drugs across the membrane in the form of eye drops, thereby achieving the effective treatment of neovascularisation in the posterior cavity. In this study, we screened and compared the posterior segment distribution of two poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine carriers modified using targeting-peptides. Thereafter, a transmembrane peptide (i.e., PENE) with a greater ability of transmembrane delivery was selected for delivering the anti-vascular drug (i.e., Axitinib) to the posterior segment of the eye. Using two different mouse models with fundus neovascular diseases, the complete non-invasive delivery of Axitinib to the posterior segment of the eye was confirmed using the targeted system; the designed eye drops (i.e., PENE-nanoparticles) could achieve drug distribution to the retina and veins of the eye as well as good drug permeability for renewal. Moreover, using the eye-drop treatment, neovascularisation was substantially reduced, demonstrating the high efficacy of this drug delivery system. This study, which combines nanodrug-loading technology and the transmembrane delivery of penetrating-peptides to achieve the goal of the non-invasive delivery of small-molecule drugs through the dense blood vessels of the sclera, shows wide applicability and considerably expands the use of ocular drugs. Thus, this study is expected to help develop a more acceptable drug administration strategy for the drug treatment of the posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yutuo Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Danyang Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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21
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Sarkar A, Jayesh Sodha S, Junnuthula V, Kolimi P, Dyawanapelly S. Novel and investigational therapies for wet and dry age-related macular degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2322-2332. [PMID: 35460893 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a macular degenerative eye disease, the major cause of irreversible loss of central vision. In this review, we highlight current progress and future perspectives of novel and investigational therapeutic strategies in the drug pipeline, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, bispecific antibodies, biosimilars, small molecules, gene therapy, and long-acting drug delivery strategies for both dry and wet AMD. We anticipate that biologics with dual functionalities and combined therapies with long-acting capabilities will lead the wet AMD pipeline. Sustained-release platforms also show potential. However, significant breakthroughs are yet to be made for dry AMD. The personalized approach might be well suited in the scenario of diverse genetic variations in both conditions. Teaser: AMD is the leading cause of global blindness in the developed world. This article highlights investigational therapeutics, such as antibodies, Bi-specifics, small molecules, biosimilars, gene therapy and long-acting strategies (Port Delivery System), for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aira Sarkar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Srushti Jayesh Sodha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Praveen Kolimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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22
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Jain AS, Pawar PS, Sarkar A, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11993. [PMID: 34769419 PMCID: PMC8584914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvi Sanjay Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (A.S.J.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Pranita Subhash Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (A.S.J.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Aira Sarkar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (A.S.J.); (P.S.P.)
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