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Chang P, Pérez-González M, Constable J, Bush D, Cleverley K, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC, Walker MC. Neuronal oscillations in cognition: Down syndrome as a model of mouse to human translation. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241271414. [PMID: 39316548 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241271414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a prevalent cognitive disorder resulting from trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), poses a significant global health concern. Affecting approximately 1 in 800 live births worldwide, DS is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and a major predisposing factor for early-onset Alzheimer's dementia. The estimated global population of individuals with DS is 6 million, with increasing prevalence due to advances in DS health care. Global efforts are dedicated to unraveling the mechanisms behind the varied clinical outcomes in DS. Recent studies on DS mouse models reveal disrupted neuronal circuits, providing insights into DS pathologies. Yet, translating these findings to humans faces challenges due to limited systematic electrophysiological analyses directly comparing human and mouse. Additionally, disparities in experimental procedures between the two species pose hurdles to successful translation. This review provides a concise overview of neuronal oscillations in human and rodent cognition. Focusing on recent DS mouse model studies, we highlight disruptions in associated brain function. We discuss various electrophysiological paradigms and suggest avenues for exploring molecular dysfunctions contributing to DS-related cognitive impairments. Deciphering neuronal oscillation intricacies holds promise for targeted therapies to alleviate cognitive disabilities in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jessica Constable
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- Immune Cell Biology and Down Syndrome Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Ehteshamzad S. Assessing the Potential of EEG in Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Comprehensive Review (2000-2023). J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1153-1169. [PMID: 39247874 PMCID: PMC11380315 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) grows with an aging population, the need for early diagnosis has led to increased focus on electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Objective This review assesses advancements in EEG analysis, including the application of machine learning, for detecting AD from 2000 to 2023. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a search across major databases resulted in 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria, focusing on EEG's application in AD diagnosis and the use of novel signal processing and machine learning techniques. Results Progress in EEG analysis has shown promise for early AD identification, with techniques like Hjorth parameters and signal compressibility enhancing detection capabilities. Machine learning has improved the precision of differential diagnosis between AD and mild cognitive impairment. However, challenges in standardizing EEG methodologies and data privacy remain. Conclusions EEG stands out as a valuable tool for early AD detection, with the potential to integrate into multimodal diagnostic approaches. Future research should aim to standardize EEG procedures and explore collaborative, privacy-preserving research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Ehteshamzad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hygiene Faculty, Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Krothapalli M, Buddendorff L, Yadav H, Schilaty ND, Jain S. From Gut Microbiota to Brain Waves: The Potential of the Microbiome and EEG as Biomarkers for Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6678. [PMID: 38928383 PMCID: PMC11203453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia. Aging is a significant risk factor for AD, emphasizing the importance of early detection since symptoms cannot be reversed once the advanced stage is reached. Currently, there is no established method for early AD diagnosis. However, emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome has an impact on cognitive function. The gut microbiome and the brain communicate bidirectionally through the gut-brain axis, with systemic inflammation identified as a key connection that may contribute to AD. Gut dysbiosis is more prevalent in individuals with AD compared to their cognitively healthy counterparts, leading to increased gut permeability and subsequent systemic inflammation, potentially causing neuroinflammation. Detecting brain activity traditionally involves invasive and expensive methods, but electroencephalography (EEG) poses as a non-invasive alternative. EEG measures brain activity and multiple studies indicate distinct patterns in individuals with AD. Furthermore, EEG patterns in individuals with mild cognitive impairment differ from those in the advanced stage of AD, suggesting its potential as a method for early indication of AD. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the microbiome and EEG as potential biomarkers for early-stage AD, highlighting the current state of research and suggesting avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahathi Krothapalli
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.K.); (L.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Lauren Buddendorff
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.K.); (L.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.K.); (L.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nathan D. Schilaty
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.K.); (L.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Chen S, Zhang C, Yang H, Peng L, Xie H, Lv Z, Hou ZG. A Multi-Modal Classification Method for Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Using Three Paradigms With Various Task Difficulties. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1477-1486. [PMID: 38568773 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3379891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accounts for the majority of dementia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is the early stage of AD. Early and accurate diagnosis of dementia plays a vital role in more targeted treatments and effectively halting disease progression. However, the clinical diagnosis of dementia requires various examinations, which are expensive and require a high level of expertise from the doctor. In this paper, we proposed a classification method based on multi-modal data including Electroencephalogram (EEG), eye tracking and behavioral data for early diagnosis of AD and MCI. Paradigms with various task difficulties were used to identify different severity of dementia: eye movement task and resting-state EEG tasks were used to detect AD, while eye movement task and delayed match-to-sample task were used to detect MCI. Besides, the effects of different features were compared and suitable EEG channels were selected for the detection. Furthermore, we proposed a data augmentation method to enlarge the dataset, designed an extra ERPNet feature extract layer to extract multi-modal features and used domain-adversarial neural network to improve the performance of MCI diagnosis. We achieved an average accuracy of 88.81% for MCI diagnosis and 100% for AD diagnosis. The results of this paper suggest that our classification method can provide a feasible and affordable way to diagnose dementia.
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Branigan KS, Dotta BT. Cognitive Decline: Current Intervention Strategies and Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:298. [PMID: 38671950 PMCID: PMC11048559 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a pressing global health challenge, with an anticipated surge in diagnoses over the next two decades. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder unfolds gradually, with observable symptoms emerging after two decades of imperceptible brain changes. While traditional therapeutic approaches, such as medication and cognitive therapy, remain standard in AD management, their limitations prompt exploration into novel integrative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in AD research focus on entraining gamma waves through innovative methods, such as light flickering and electromagnetic fields (EMF) stimulation. Flickering light stimulation (FLS) at 40 Hz has demonstrated significant reductions in AD pathologies in both mice and humans, providing improved cognitive functioning. Additionally, recent experiments have demonstrated that APOE mutations in mouse models substantially reduce tau pathologies, with microglial modulation playing a crucial role. EMFs have also been demonstrated to modulate microglia. The exploration of EMFs as a therapeutic approach is gaining significance, as many recent studies have showcased their potential to influence microglial responses. Th article concludes by speculating on the future directions of AD research, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts in understanding the complexities of AD pathogenesis through a holistic approach and developing interventions that hold promise for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blake T. Dotta
- Behavioural Neuroscience & Biology Programs, School of Natural Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
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Tzavellas NP, Tsamis KI, Katsenos AP, Davri AS, Simos YV, Nikas IP, Bellos S, Lekkas P, Kanellos FS, Konitsiotis S, Labrakakis C, Vezyraki P, Peschos D. Firing Alterations of Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease: Are They Merely a Consequence of Pathogenesis or a Pivotal Component of Disease Progression? Cells 2024; 13:434. [PMID: 38474398 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, yet its underlying causes remain elusive. The conventional perspective on disease pathogenesis attributes alterations in neuronal excitability to molecular changes resulting in synaptic dysfunction. Early hyperexcitability is succeeded by a progressive cessation of electrical activity in neurons, with amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and tau protein hyperphosphorylation identified as the initial events leading to hyperactivity. In addition to these key proteins, voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels play a decisive role in the altered electrical properties of neurons in AD. Impaired synaptic function and reduced neuronal plasticity contribute to a vicious cycle, resulting in a reduction in the number of synapses and synaptic proteins, impacting their transportation inside the neuron. An understanding of these neurophysiological alterations, combined with abnormalities in the morphology of brain cells, emerges as a crucial avenue for new treatment investigations. This review aims to delve into the detailed exploration of electrical neuronal alterations observed in different AD models affecting single neurons and neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Tzavellas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, 455 00 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas P Katsenos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athena S Davri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stefanos Bellos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lekkas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foivos S Kanellos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridon Konitsiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, 455 00 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charalampos Labrakakis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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Niu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shao W, Chen L, Yang Z, Peng D. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), and apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ɛ4) alleles for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:547-556. [PMID: 37673807 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a pre-dementia stage is an important stage for early diagnosis and intervention. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of qEEG, APOA-I, and APOE ɛ4 allele in aMCI and AD patients and found the correlation between qEEG (Delta + Theta)/(Alpha + Beta) ratio (DTABR) and different cognitive domains. METHODS All participants were divided into three groups: normal controls (NCs), aMCI, and AD, and all received quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), neuropsychological scale assessment, apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ɛ4) alleles, and various blood lipid indicators. Different statistical methods were used for different data. RESULTS The cognitive domains except executive ability were all negatively correlated with DTABR in different brain regions while executive ability was positively correlated with DTABR in several brain regions, although without statistical significance. The consequences confirmed that the DTABR of each brain area were related to MMSE, MoCA, instantaneous memory, and the language ability (p < 0.05), and the DTABR in the occipital area was relevant to all cognitive domains (p < 0.01) except executive function (p = 0.272). Also, occipital DTABR was most correlated with language domain when tested by VFT with a moderate level (r = 0.596, p < 0.001). There were significant differences in T3, T5, and P3 DTABR between both AD and NC and aMCI and NCs. As for aMCI diagnosis, the maximum AUC was achieved when using T3 combined with APOA-I and APOE ε4 (0.855) and the maximum AUC was achieved when using T5 combined with APOA-I and APOE ε4 (0.889) for AD diagnosis. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that APOA-I, APOE ɛ4, and qEEG play an important role in aMCI and AD diagnosis. During AD continuum, qEEG DTABR should be taken into consideration for the early detection of AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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8
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Cáceres C, Heusser B, Garnham A, Moczko E. The Major Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease: Related Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Its Diagnosis and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2669. [PMID: 38067098 PMCID: PMC10705786 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known chronic neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the progressive death of brain cells, resulting in memory loss and the loss of other critical body functions. In March 2019, one of the major pharmaceutical companies and its partners announced that currently, there is no drug to cure AD, and all clinical trials of the new ones have been cancelled, leaving many people without hope. However, despite the clear message and startling reality, the research continued. Finally, in the last two years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever medications to treat Alzheimer's, aducanumab and lecanemab. Despite researchers' support of this decision, there are serious concerns about their effectiveness and safety. The validation of aducanumab by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is still pending, and lecanemab was authorized without considering data from the phase III trials. Furthermore, numerous reports suggest that patients have died when undergoing extended treatment. While there is evidence that aducanumab and lecanemab may provide some relief to those suffering from AD, their impact remains a topic of ongoing research and debate within the medical community. The fact is that even though there are considerable efforts regarding pharmacological treatment, no definitive cure for AD has been found yet. Nevertheless, it is strongly believed that modern nanotechnology holds promising solutions and effective clinical strategies for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for AD. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD, its etiological mechanisms, and challenges. It explores existing diagnostic and therapeutic methods and the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches for recognizing and monitoring patients at risk of irreversible neuronal degeneration. Overall, it provides a broad overview for those interested in the evolving areas of clinical neuroscience, AD, and related nanotechnology. With further research and development, nanotechnology-based approaches may offer new solutions and hope for millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Moczko
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar 2562307, Chile; (C.C.)
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Mehdipour P, Fathi N, Nosratabadi M. Personalized clinical managements through exploring circulating neural cells and electroencephalography. World J Exp Med 2023; 13:75-94. [PMID: 37767542 PMCID: PMC10520756 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v13.i4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since an initial diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in 1907, early detection, was unavailable through 116 years. Up-regulation of V-Ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (Ets2) is capable to enhance neuronal susceptibility and degeneration. Protein expression (PE) of Ets2 has functional impact on AD and Down's syndrome, with diverse intensity. PE of Ets2 has an influential pathogenic impact on AD. Clinical aspects of neurological disorders directly interact with psychological maladies. However, deterioration requires an early management including programmed based protection. AIM To include cell biology in neuro-genetics; personalized, prognostics, predictive, preventive, predisposing (5xP) platform, accompanied by stratifying brain channels behavior pre- and post-intervention by light music in the AD-patients. METHODS Include exploration of PE assay and electroencephalography of brain channels. The processes are applied according to: (1) Triangle style, by application of cellular network; and (2) PE assay of Ets2 in the peripheral blood of the patients with AD, by Manual single cell based analysis, and Flow-cytometry. (1) Applying the Genetic counselling and pedigree analysis; (2) considering the psychological status of the referral cases; (3) considering the macro-and/or micro-environmental factors; (4) performing the required Genetics' analysis; and (5) applying the required complementary test(s). RESULTS PE of Ets2 has pathogenic role in AD. PE unmasked the nature of heterogeneity/diversity/course of evolution by exploring Ets2, D1853N polymorphism in Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and course of evolution at the single cell level of the brain. Ets2 revealed different cellular behavior in the blood and suggested the strategy as 'Gene Product-Based Therapy' and the personalized managements for the patients. PE reflected weak expression of ATM, mosaic pattern of Ets2; remarkable expression of VEGF and EGF by highlighting an early detective platform, considering circulating neural cells (CNCs) and the required molecular investigation, for the target individual(s) predisposed to AD or other neural disease including brain neoplasia. Brain channels-cooperation with diverse/interactive-ratios lead to strategic balancing for improving the life-quality in AD. CONCLUSION We highlighted application of the single CNCs and correlated Ratio based between Brain channels by providing the 5xP personalized clinical management model for an early detection and therapy of the patients with AD and their targeted/predisposed relatives. Novel-evolutionary/hypothetic/heterogenic-results in brain-channels offer personalizd/constructive markers with unlimited cooperation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-1315, Iran
| | - Nima Fathi
- Neuro-Science, Paarand Specialized Center for Human Enhancement, Tehran 157699304, Iran
| | - Masoud Nosratabadi
- Department of Research, Paarand Specialized Center for Human Enhancement, Tehran 157699304, Iran
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Kim SE, Shin C, Yim J, Seo K, Ryu H, Choi H, Park J, Min BK. Resting-state electroencephalographic characteristics related to mild cognitive impairments. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1231861. [PMID: 37779609 PMCID: PMC10539934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a rapid deterioration in cognitive and physical functions, including problem-solving, memory, language, and daily activities. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a risk factor for AD, and early diagnosis and treatment of MCI may help slow the progression of AD. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis has become an increasingly popular tool for developing biomarkers for MCI and AD diagnosis. Compared with healthy elderly, patients with AD showed very clear differences in EEG patterns, but it is inconclusive for MCI. This study aimed to investigate the resting-state EEG features of individuals with MCI (n = 12) and cognitively healthy controls (HC) (n = 13) with their eyes closed. EEG data were analyzed using spectral power, complexity, functional connectivity, and graph analysis. The results revealed no significant difference in EEG spectral power between the HC and MCI groups. However, we observed significant changes in brain complexity and networks in individuals with MCI compared with HC. Patients with MCI exhibited lower complexity in the middle temporal lobe, lower global efficiency in theta and alpha bands, higher local efficiency in the beta band, lower nodal efficiency in the frontal theta band, and less small-world network topology compared to the HC group. These observed differences may be related to underlying neuropathological alterations associated with MCI progression. The findings highlight the potential of network analysis as a promising tool for the diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Shin
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeop Yim
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Kongju National University, Gongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Seo
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Ryu
- Graduate School of Technology and Innovation Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi SO, Choi JG, Yun JY. A Study of Brain Function Characteristics of Service Members at High Risk for Accidents in the Military. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1157. [PMID: 37626513 PMCID: PMC10452066 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Military accidents are often associated with stress and depressive psychological conditions among soldiers, and they often fail to adapt to military life. Therefore, this study analyzes whether there are differences in EEG and pulse wave indices between general soldiers and three groups of soldiers who have not adapted to military life and are at risk of accidents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and a device that can measure EEG and pulse waves, and data analysis was performed using SPSS. The results showed that the concentration level and brain activity indices were higher in the general soldiers and the soldiers in the first stage of accident risk. The body stress index was higher for each stage of accident risk, and the physical vitality index was higher for general soldiers. Therefore, it can be seen that soldiers who have not adapted to military life and are at risk of accidents have somewhat lower concentration and brain activity than general soldiers, and have symptoms of stress and lethargy. The results of this study will contribute to reducing human accidents through EEG and pulse wave measurements not only in the military but also in occupations with a high risk of accidents such as construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Yong Yun
- Department of Protection and Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jiao B, Li R, Zhou H, Qing K, Liu H, Pan H, Lei Y, Fu W, Wang X, Xiao X, Liu X, Yang Q, Liao X, Zhou Y, Fang L, Dong Y, Yang Y, Jiang H, Huang S, Shen L. Neural biomarker diagnosis and prediction to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using EEG technology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:32. [PMID: 36765411 PMCID: PMC9912534 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalogram (EEG) has emerged as a non-invasive tool to detect the aberrant neuronal activity related to different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of EEG in the precise diagnosis and assessment of AD and its preclinical stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to identify key EEG biomarkers that are effective in distinguishing patients at the early stage of AD and monitoring the progression of AD. METHODS A total of 890 participants, including 189 patients with MCI, 330 patients with AD, 125 patients with other dementias (frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular cognitive impairment), and 246 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Biomarkers were extracted from resting-state EEG recordings for a three-level classification of HC, MCI, and AD. The optimal EEG biomarkers were then identified based on the classification performance. Random forest regression was used to train a series of models by combining participants' EEG biomarkers, demographic information (i.e., sex, age), CSF biomarkers, and APOE phenotype for assessing the disease progression and individual's cognitive function. RESULTS The identified EEG biomarkers achieved over 70% accuracy in the three-level classification of HC, MCI, and AD. Among all six groups, the most prominent effects of AD-linked neurodegeneration on EEG metrics were localized at parieto-occipital regions. In the cross-validation predictive analyses, the optimal EEG features were more effective than the CSF + APOE biomarkers in predicting the age of onset and disease course, whereas the combination of EEG + CSF + APOE measures achieved the best performance for all targets of prediction. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that EEG can be used as a useful screening tool for the diagnosis and disease progression evaluation of MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rihui Li
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kunqiang Qing
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hefu Pan
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqin Lei
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Fu
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoan Wang
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijie Yang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yafang Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangjuan Fang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Huang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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13
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Choi J, Ku B, Doan DNT, Park J, Cha W, Kim JU, Lee KH. Prefrontal EEG slowing, synchronization, and ERP peak latency in association with predementia stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1131857. [PMID: 37032818 PMCID: PMC10076640 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early screening of elderly individuals who are at risk of dementia allows timely medical interventions to prevent disease progression. The portable and low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) technique has the potential to serve it. Objective We examined prefrontal EEG and event-related potential (ERP) variables in association with the predementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods One hundred elderly individuals were recruited from the GARD cohort. The participants were classified into four groups according to their amyloid beta deposition (A+ or A-) and neurodegeneration status (N+ or N-): cognitively normal (CN; A-N-, n = 27), asymptomatic AD (aAD; A + N-, n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with AD pathology (pAD; A+N+, n = 16), and MCI with non-AD pathology (MCI(-); A-N+, n = 42). Prefrontal resting-state eyes-closed EEG measurements were recorded for five minutes and auditory ERP measurements were recorded for 8 min. Three variables of median frequency (MDF), spectrum triangular index (STI), and positive-peak latency (PPL) were employed to reflect EEG slowing, temporal synchrony, and ERP latency, respectively. Results Decreasing prefrontal MDF and increasing PPL were observed in the MCI with AD pathology. Interestingly, after controlling for age, sex, and education, we found a significant negative association between MDF and the aAD and pAD stages with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.58. Similarly, PPL exhibited a significant positive association with these AD stages with an OR of 2.36. Additionally, compared with the MCI(-) group, significant negative associations were demonstrated by the aAD group with STI and those in the pAD group with MDF with ORs of 0.30 and 0.42, respectively. Conclusion Slow intrinsic EEG oscillation is associated with MCI due to AD, and a delayed ERP peak latency is likely associated with general cognitive impairment. MCI individuals without AD pathology exhibited better cortical temporal synchronization and faster EEG oscillations than those with aAD or pAD. Significance The EEG/ERP variables obtained from prefrontal EEG techniques are associated with early cognitive impairment due to AD and non-AD pathology. This result suggests that prefrontal EEG/ERP metrics may serve as useful indicators to screen elderly individuals' early stages on the AD continuum as well as overall cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmi Choi
- Human Anti-Aging Standards Research Institute, Uiryeong-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieu Ni Thi Doan
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- School of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Park
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Cha
- Human Anti-Aging Standards Research Institute, Uiryeong-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeuk U. Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- School of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jaeuk U. Kim,
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Kun Ho Lee,
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14
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Keser Z, Buchl SC, Seven NA, Markota M, Clark HM, Jones DT, Lanzino G, Brown RD, Worrell GA, Lundstrom BN. Electroencephalogram (EEG) With or Without Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as Biomarkers for Post-stroke Recovery: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:827866. [PMID: 35273559 PMCID: PMC8902309 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Despite the high prevalence of stroke, characterizing the acute neural recovery patterns that follow stroke and predicting long-term recovery remains challenging. Objective methods to quantify and characterize neural injury are still lacking. Since neuroimaging methods have a poor temporal resolution, EEG has been used as a method for characterizing post-stroke recovery mechanisms for various deficits including motor, language, and cognition as well as predicting treatment response to experimental therapies. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, has been used in conjunction with EEG (TMS-EEG) to evaluate neurophysiology for a variety of indications. TMS-EEG has significant potential for exploring brain connectivity using focal TMS-evoked potentials and oscillations, which may allow for the system-specific delineation of recovery patterns after stroke. In this review, we summarize the use of EEG alone or in combination with TMS in post-stroke motor, language, cognition, and functional/global recovery. Overall, stroke leads to a reduction in higher frequency activity (≥8 Hz) and intra-hemispheric connectivity in the lesioned hemisphere, which creates an activity imbalance between non-lesioned and lesioned hemispheres. Compensatory activity in the non-lesioned hemisphere leads mostly to unfavorable outcomes and further aggravated interhemispheric imbalance. Balanced interhemispheric activity with increased intrahemispheric coherence in the lesioned networks correlates with improved post-stroke recovery. TMS-EEG studies reveal the clinical importance of cortical reactivity and functional connectivity within the sensorimotor cortex for motor recovery after stroke. Although post-stroke motor studies support the prognostic value of TMS-EEG, more studies are needed to determine its utility as a biomarker for recovery across domains including language, cognition, and hemispatial neglect. As a complement to MRI-based technologies, EEG-based technologies are accessible and valuable non-invasive clinical tools in stroke neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Keser
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Samuel C. Buchl
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nathan A. Seven
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matej Markota
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Heather M. Clark
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert D. Brown
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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