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Noval Rivas M, Kocatürk B, Franklin BS, Arditi M. Platelets in Kawasaki disease: mediators of vascular inflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:459-472. [PMID: 38886559 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease, a systemic vasculitis that affects young children and can result in coronary artery aneurysms, is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children. A hallmark of Kawasaki disease is increased blood platelet counts and platelet activation, which is associated with an increased risk of developing resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin and coronary artery aneurysms. Platelets and their releasate, including granules, microparticles, microRNAs and transcription factors, can influence innate immunity, enhance inflammation and contribute to vascular remodelling. Growing evidence indicates that platelets also interact with immune and non-immune cells to regulate inflammation. Platelets boost NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by human immune cells by releasing soluble mediators. Activated platelets form aggregates with leukocytes, such as monocytes and neutrophils, enhancing numerous functions of these cells and promoting thrombosis and inflammation. Leukocyte-platelet aggregates are increased in children with Kawasaki disease during the acute phase of the disease and can be used as biomarkers for disease severity. Here we review the role of platelets in Kawasaki disease and discuss progress in understanding the immune-effector role of platelets in amplifying inflammation related to Kawasaki disease vasculitis and therapeutic strategies targeting platelets or platelet-derived molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Guerin Children's, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Begüm Kocatürk
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Guerin Children's, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sepúlveda M, Palomo I, Montecino-Garrido H, Wehinger S, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Trostchansky A, Fuentes E. Physiological changes associated with aging: Identification of novel biomarkers for frailty syndrome in women. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:160-171. [PMID: 39059511 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the physiological changes associated with aging that lead to frailty syndrome, characterized by reduced vitality and degeneration across multiple bodily systems, increasing susceptibility to various pathologies. While established scales like the Fried Phenotype and Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) are commonly used for assessing frailty, incorporating biomarkers is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Our research examines plasma oxylipin levels in frail elderly individuals to identify novel biomarkers. Diagnostic criteria for frailty included assessments using the Fried Phenotype and FTS-5, with blood samples collected from 71 elderly participants (50 women and 21 men) with mean ages of 73.6 ± 5.9 and 76.2 ± 6.2 years, respectively. Women exhibited elevated platelet counts (p-value 0.0035). The significant differences in oxylipin concentrations associated with the Fried Phenotype were particularly noteworthy, predominantly observed in women. Specifically, in women, decreased grip strength (<15 kg) and slow gait speed (<0.8 m/s) correlated with increased levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 7-HDoHE (p-values 0.0404, 0.0300, 0.0033, and 0.0033, respectively). Additionally, elevated 7-HDoHE levels correlated with a BMI exceeding 28 kg/m2 (p-value 0.0123) and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores surpassing 5 points (p-value 0.0134) in women. In summary, our findings emphasize that frail older individuals, particularly women, exhibit higher levels of TxB2 and 7-HDoHE compared to their non-frail counterparts, aligning with established frailty classification and scale parameters, suggesting their potential as indicative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sepúlveda
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Ctra. Madrid-Toledo km. 12.5, 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3480094, Chile.
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Mzimela N, Dimba N, Sosibo A, Khathi A. Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on pulmonary vascular function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1431405. [PMID: 39050565 PMCID: PMC11266053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1431405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant worldwide health concern caused by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. Beyond glycemic control, T2DM impacts multiple organ systems, leading to various complications. While traditionally associated with cardiovascular and microvascular complications, emerging evidence indicates significant effects on pulmonary health. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction and fibrosis, characterized by alterations in vascular tone and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, are increasingly recognized in individuals with T2DM. The onset of T2DM is often preceded by prediabetes, an intermediate hyperglycemic state that is associated with increased diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. This review explores the relationship between T2DM, pulmonary vascular dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on potential links with prediabetes. Pulmonary vascular function, including the roles of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), is discussed in the context of T2DM and prediabetes. Mechanisms linking T2DM to pulmonary fibrosis, such as oxidative stress, dysregulated fibrotic signaling, and chronic inflammation, are explained. The impact of prediabetes on pulmonary health, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and dysregulated vasoactive mediators, is highlighted. Early detection and intervention during the prediabetic stage may reduce respiratory complications associated with T2DM, emphasizing the importance of management strategies targeting blood glucose regulation and vascular health. More research that looks into the mechanisms underlying pulmonary complications in T2DM and prediabetes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhlakanipho Mzimela
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ben Attia T, Nahdi A, Horchani M, Ben Ali R, Ben Jannet H, Galai S, Elmay MV, Mhamdi A. Simultaneous Exposure to Noise and Toluene Induces Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage in the Heart of Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:667-686. [PMID: 38722494 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Workers in occupational settings often face simultaneous exposure to multiple risk factors, including noise and chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to noise and toluene on the cardiac health of rats, with a focus on assessing the potential mitigating effects of Olea europaea L. (OLE) leaf extract (40 mg/kg/day). The evaluation involved scrutinizing biochemical and hematological markers, quantifying oxidative stress levels, determining proinflammatory cytokines in the serum, and conducting an in silico Docking studies. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups-(n = 6/group):-Control-group-(C),-OLE-group-(Rats administered OLE), NT-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene), NT-4 group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene four weeks after the exposure period), NT + OLE1-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for one week), NT + OLE2-group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for two weeks), NT + OLE3-group-(rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for three weeks), and NT + OLE4-group (rats co-exposed to noise and toluene treated with OLE for four weeks). The results revealed that combined exposure to noise and toluene led to oxidative damage and increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. However, OLE treatment attenuated these effects by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Additionally, OLE treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels compared to the noise and toluene co-exposed group. The study highlighted the potential of OLE to attenuate the adverse effects of combined exposure to noise and toluene, attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Ben Attia
- Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mabrouk Horchani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Said Galai
- Research Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of the Child (LR18SP04), Department of Clinical Biology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology at Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique Elmay
- Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abada Mhamdi
- Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Cell Death, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit N° 17/ES/13, Tunis, Tunisia
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Li Q, Cao H, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Mi Y, Zhu X, Shi Y, Liu J, Wang B, Xu CB, Wang C. Resveratrol attenuates cyclosporin A-induced upregulation of the thromboxane A 2 receptor and hypertension via the AMPK/SIRT1 and MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the rat mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176543. [PMID: 38582274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent, is extensively utilized for the prevention of transplant rejection and treat autoimmune disease in the clinic, despite its association with a high risk of hypertension development among patients. Resveratrol is a kind of non-flavonoid phenolic compound that widely exists in many plants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol ameliorates cyclosporin A-induced hypertension. The arterial rings of the mesentery were incubated with cyclosporin A and resveratrol in vitro. Rats were administered cyclosporin A and/or resveratrol for 3 weeks in vivo. Blood pressure was measured via the tail arteries. Vasoconstriction curves were recorded using a sensitive myograph. The protein expression was evaluated through Western blotting. This study demonstrated that resveratrol mitigated the cyclosporin A-induced increase in blood pressure in rats. Furthermore, resveratrol markedly inhibited the cyclosporin A-induced upregulation of thromboxane A2 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the rat mesenteric artery both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, resveratrol activated AMPK/SIRT1 and inhibited the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol restored the cyclosporin A-induced upregulation of the thromboxane A2 receptor and hypertension via the AMPK/SIRT1 and MAPK/NF-κB pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hanjing Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xinya Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yanni Mi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yongheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Engineering Research Center of Brain Health Industry of Chinese Medicine, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712046, China.
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Gao Z, Yang C, Zeng G, Lin M, Li W, Sun M, Zhang Y, Fan B, Kumar Y, Yan K. Sinomenine protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice by inhibiting of inflammatory pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1387-1400. [PMID: 38430414 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a multifaceted and persistent inflammatory condition, significantly contributes to the progression of cardiocerebrovascular disorders, such as myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents. It involves the accumulation of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium and cellular debris in the walls of arteries, leading to the formation of plaques. Our aim is to investigate the potential of sinomenine to counteract atherosclerosis in mice lacking Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) Mice. We employed the high-fat diet-induced method to induce atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, and the mice were treated with sinomenine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) and simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Body weight, water intake, and food intake were assessed. Lipid parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and mRNA levels were estimated. Sinomenine treatment remarkably (P < 0.001) suppressed body weight, along with food and water intake. Sinomenine altered the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which were modulated in the atherosclerosis group. Sinomenine treatment also altered the levels of oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). In addition, it modulated cardiac parameters like C-reactive protein (CRP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), nitric oxide (NO), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB). Inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were also affected. Sinomenine further suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Il-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, MCP-3, transforming Growth Factor-1β (TGF-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The results suggest that sinomenine remarkably suppressed the development of atherosclerosis in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guangwei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Akshita College of Pharmacy, Meerut, India
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Mengna Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Yantao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | | | - Kun Yan
- Department of Outpatient, Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Liu T, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Kang N, Zheng L, Ding Z. The Optimization Design of Macrophage Membrane Camouflaging Liposomes for Alleviating Ischemic Stroke Injury through Intranasal Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2927. [PMID: 38474179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is associated with a high mortality rate, and effective treatment strategies are currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel nano delivery system to treat ischemic stroke via intranasal administration. A three-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the formulation of liposomes co-loaded with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) and Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) (Lip-Rg3/PNS). Macrophage membranes were coated onto the surface of the optimized liposomes to target the ischemic site of the brain. The double-loaded liposomes disguised by macrophage membranes (MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS) were spherical, in a "shell-core" structure, with encapsulation rates of 81.41% (PNS) and 93.81% (Rg3), and showed good stability. In vitro, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS was taken up by brain endothelial cells via the clathrin-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis pathways. Network pharmacology experiments predicted that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS could regulate multiple signaling pathways and treat ischemic stroke by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory responses. After 14 days of treatment with MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, the survival rate, weight, and neurological score of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats significantly improved. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining results showed that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can reduce neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and protect the ischemic brain. In vivo biological experiments have shown that free Rg3, PNS, and MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can alleviate inflammation and apoptosis, especially MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS, indicating that biomimetic liposomes can improve the therapeutic effects of drugs. Overall, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS is a potential biomimetic nano targeted formulation for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Naijin Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Hou X. Epoxidase inhibitor-aspirin resistance and the relationship with genetic polymorphisms: a review. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241230429. [PMID: 38420770 PMCID: PMC10903214 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241230429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Strokes are the leading cause of death in most regions of the world. Epoxidase inhibitors include the drug aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Aspirin is widely used as first-line treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in at-risk patients. However, patients using conventional doses of aspirin can still develop ischaemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, a phenomenon known as aspirin resistance. The occurrence of aspirin resistance hinders the prevention and treatment of ischaemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. There are many factors affecting aspirin resistance, such as sex, drug dose, metabolic disease, genetic polymorphisms, drug interactions and pharmacokinetics. Genetic polymorphism refers to the simultaneous and frequent presence of two or more discontinuous variants or genotypes or alleles in a population of organisms. Platelets contain a large number of highly polymorphic transmembrane glycoprotein receptors encoded by two or more isomeric alleles. Changes in gene polymorphisms in various pathways during platelet aggregation can lead to aspirin resistance. This narrative review describes the gene polymorphisms that have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with aspirin resistance. Research on the mechanisms of aspirin resistance and increased knowledge should provide accurate drug guidance in individuals that require first-line antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong City, China
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9
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Alhazmi AS. Anticoagulative activity of Commiphora gileadensis, aspirin, and heparin on blood coagulation profiles in naïve mice. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:10-16. [PMID: 38188900 PMCID: PMC10768467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Commiphora gileadensis is a small tree under the genus Commiphora. Previous studies showed medical applications, such as antibacterial and antihypertensive, for C. gileadensis. Methods Sixty naïve mice were classified into six groups: control, C. gileadensis sap-treated group, C. gileadensis methanol extract-treated group, C. gileadensis acetone extract-treated group, heparin-treated group, and aspirin-treated group. Blood samples from each mouse in the six groups were collected in EDTA, sodium citrate, and heparin tubes. The body weight of each mouse was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Furthermore, complete blood count, kidney and renal function tests, coagulation profiles, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer, and fibrinogen concentrations were estimated for each mouse. Results The sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels did not show statistical differences between all groups. Moreover, PT, aPTT, and INR were prolonged in the C. gileadensis sap, methanol, and acetone extracts-treated mice compared with those in the heparin and aspirin-treated groups (P < 0.01). D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations did not show significant statistical differences between all groups. Conclusion The current study concludes that the C. gileadensis sap, methanol, and acetone extracts prolonged PT, aPTT, and bleeding time in naïve mice more than heparin and aspirin. This means that the C. gileadensis extracts may have antithrombotic activity and may be used in the future to resolve intravascular thrombosis in patients having prosthetic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Saeed Alhazmi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
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Furue A, Hattori K, Hosono K, Tanabe M, Sato E, Honda M, Sekiguchi K, Ito Y, Majima M, Narumiya S, Kato K, Amano H. Inhibition of TP signaling promotes endometriosis growth and neovascularization. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:192. [PMID: 37654213 PMCID: PMC10502949 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is highly dependent on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Prostaglandin E2, an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been shown to promote the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels. However, the role of another arachidonic acid metabolite, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during endometriosis remains largely unexplored. Using a murine model of ectopic endometrial transplantation, fragments from the endometrium of WT donor mice were transplanted into the peritoneal walls of recipient WT mice (WT→WT), resulting in an increase in both the area and density of blood and lymphatic vessels. Upon transplantation of endometrial tissue from thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor (TXA2 receptor)‑deficient (TP‑/‑) mice into TP‑/‑ mice (TP‑/‑→TP‑/‑), an increase in implant growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis were observed along with upregulation of pro‑angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Similar results were obtained using a thromboxane synthase (TXS) inhibitor in WT→WT mice. Furthermore, TP‑/‑→TP‑/‑ mice had a higher number of F4/80+ cells than that of WT→WT mice, with increased expression of genes related to the anti‑inflammatory macrophage phenotype in endometrial lesions. In cultured bone marrow (BM)‑derived macrophages, the levels of VEGF‑A, VEGF‑C, and VEGF‑D decreased in a TP‑dependent manner. Furthermore, TP signaling affected the polarization of cultured BM‑derived macrophages to the anti‑inflammatory phenotype. These findings imply that inhibition of TP signaling promotes endometrial implant growth and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hattori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mina Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Erina Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masako Honda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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11
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Das D, Shruthi NR, Banerjee A, Jothimani G, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221438. [PMID: 37614749 PMCID: PMC10442661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. There is a concerning rise in the occurrence and frequency of MetS globally. The rising incidence and severity of MetS need a proactive, multipronged strategy for identifying and treating those affected. For many MetS patients, achieving recommended goals for healthy fat intake, blood pressure control, and blood glucose management may require a combination of medicine therapy, lifestyles, nutraceuticals, and others. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy for MetS. In addition, MetS requires pharmacological, nutraceutical, or other interventions. This review aimed to bring together the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies to combat hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagainallur Ravichandran Shruthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Hong HJ, Nam GS, Nam KS. Daidzein Inhibits Human Platelet Activation by Downregulating Thromboxane A 2 Production and Granule Release, Regardless of COX-1 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11985. [PMID: 37569361 PMCID: PMC10418957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play crucial roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating hemostasis and blood coagulation at sites of blood vessel damage. Accumulating evidence indicates daidzein inhibits platelet activation, but the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. Thus, in this study, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by daidzein. We found that in collagen-induced platelets, daidzein suppressed the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a molecule involved in platelet activation and aggregation, by inhibiting the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling pathway. However, daidzein did not affect cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Furthermore, daidzein attenuated the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GSK3αβ and MAPK (p38, ERK) signaling pathways, increased the phosphorylation of inositol trisphosphate receptor1 (IP3R1) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), and increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These results suggest that daidzein inhibits granule release (ATP, serotonin, P-selectin), integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and clot retraction. Taken together, our study demonstrates that daidzein inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation and suggests that daidzein has therapeutic potential for the treatment of platelet aggregation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gi-Suk Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, 120, Honamdae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
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14
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Di Costanzo A, Indolfi C, Sorrentino S, Esposito G, Spaccarotella CAM. The Effects of Statins, Ezetimibe, PCSK9-Inhibitors, Inclisiran, and Icosapent Ethyl on Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11739. [PMID: 37511498 PMCID: PMC10380733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to examine the complex interaction between dyslipidemia, platelet function, and related drug treatments. In particular, the manuscript provides an overview of the effects of major hypolipidemic drugs on platelet function. Indeed, growing evidence supports the view that statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran, and icosapent ethyl also act as antithrombotics. It is known that platelets play a key role not only in the acute phase of coronary syndromes but also in the early phase of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The goal of cholesterol-lowering therapy is to reduce cardiovascular events. The direct effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs are widely described in the literature. Lowering LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) by 1 mmol/L results in a 22-23% reduction in cardiovascular risk. Numerous studies have examined the direct antithrombotic effects of these drugs on platelets, endothelium, monocytes, and smooth muscle cells, and thus, potentially independent of blood LDL-cholesterol reduction. We reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the complex interaction between hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, platelet function, and related drug treatments. First, we discussed the role of statins in modulating platelet activation. Discontinuation of statin therapy was associated with increased cardiovascular events with increased ox-LDL, P-selectin, and platelet aggregation. The effect of PCSK9-I (inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PCSK9 involved in the degradation of LDL receptors in the liver) was associated with a statistically significant reduction in platelet reactivity, calculated in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), in the first 14 days and no difference at 30 days compared to placebo. Finally, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, the REDUCE-IT study showed that icosapent ethyl (an ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid that reduces triglyceride synthesis and improves triglyceride clearance) resulted in a 25% reduction in ischemic events and cardiovascular death. However, to date, there is not yet clear clinical evidence that the direct antithrombotic effects of the drugs may have a beneficial impact on outcomes independently from the reduction in LDL-C or triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Di Costanzo
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabato Sorrentino
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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15
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Kanobe MN, Nelson PR, Brown BG, Chen P, Makena P, Caraway JW, Prasad GL, Round EK. Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm in Smokers Switched to Vuse Vibe or Vuse Ciro Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. TOXICS 2023; 11:564. [PMID: 37505530 PMCID: PMC10384956 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have the potential to provide nicotine to tobacco consumers while reducing exposure to combustion-related toxicants. Here, we report changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) in smokers who completely switched to Vuse Vibe and Vuse Ciro ENDS products, or to smoking abstinence in a randomized, controlled clinical study. Thirteen BoE (12 urinary and one blood) that indicate exposure to harmful and potentially harmful toxicants (HPHCs) were evaluated at baseline on day 5. Urinary BoPH linked to oxidative stress, platelet activation, and inflammation were also assessed at baseline, and on day 5 and day 7. Nicotine exposure was lower in Vuse Vibe and Vuse Ciro groups compared to baseline values. Urinary non-nicotine BoE decreased significantly (52.3-96.7%) in the Vuse ENDS groups, and the reductions were similar in magnitude to those observed in the abstinence group. Blood carboxyhemoglobin decreased 52.8-55.0% in all study groups. Decreases (10-50%) in BoPH were observed in all study groups. Thus, smokers who switch exclusively to Vuse Vibe or Vuse Ciro products or completely abstain from smoking are exposed to substantially lower levels of HPHCs, and experience improvements in BoPH of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly N Kanobe
- RAI Services Company, 401 N. Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul R Nelson
- Former Employees of RAI Services Company, 105 Bowes Road, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Buddy G Brown
- Former Employees of RAI Services Company, 5714 Wonderous Lane, Durham, NC 27712, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- RAI Services Company, 401 N. Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, 401 N. Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - John W Caraway
- RAI Services Company, 401 N. Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Gaddamanugu L Prasad
- Former Employees of RAI Services Company, 490 Friendship Place Ct, Lewisville, NC 27023, USA
- Prasad Scientific Consulting LLC, 490 Friendship Place Ct, Lewisville, NC 27023, USA
| | - Elaine K Round
- BAT (Investments) Limited, Globe House, 1 Water Street, London WC2R 3LA, UK
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16
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Ashton AW. Preparing to strike: Acute events in signaling by the serpentine receptor for thromboxane A 2. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108478. [PMID: 37321373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, awareness of the (patho)physiological roles of thromboxane A2 signaling has been greatly extended. From humble beginnings as a short-lived stimulus that activates platelets and causes vasoconstriction to a dichotomous receptor system involving multiple endogenous ligands capable of modifying tissue homeostasis and disease generation in almost every tissue of the body. Thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) signal transduction is associated with the pathogenesis of cancer, atherosclerosis, heart disease, asthma, and host response to parasitic infection amongst others. The two receptors mediating these cellular responses (TPα and TPβ) are derived from a single gene (TBXA2R) through alternative splicing. Recently, knowledge about the mechanism(s) of signal propagation by the two receptors has undergone a revolution in understanding. Not only have the structural relationships associated with G-protein coupling been established but the modulation of that signaling by post-translational modification to the receptor has come sharply into focus. Moreover, the signaling of the receptor unrelated to G-protein coupling has become a burgeoning field of endeavor with over 70 interacting proteins currently identified. These data are reshaping the concept of TP signaling from a mere guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Gα activation to a nexus for the convergence of diverse and poorly characterized signaling pathways. This review summarizes the advances in understanding in TP signaling, and the potential for new growth in a field that after almost 50 years is finally coming of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Ashton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Rm 128, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA; Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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17
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Singh A, Kukal S, Kanojia N, Singh M, Saso L, Kukreti S, Kukreti R. Lipid Mediated Brain Disorders: A Perspective. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106737. [PMID: 37086954 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The brain, one of the most resilient organs of the body is highly enriched in lipid content, suggesting the essential role of lipids in brain physiological activities. Lipids constitute an important structural part of the brain and act as a rich source of metabolic energy. Besides, lipids in their bioactive form (known as bioactive lipids) play an essential signaling and regulatory role, facilitating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cell-cell communication. Brain lipid metabolism is thus a tightly regulated process. Any alteration/dysregulation of lipid metabolism greatly impact brain health and activity. Moreover, since central nervous system (CNS) is the most metabolically active system and lacks an efficient antioxidative defence system, it acts as a hub for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation. These peroxidation events are reported during pathological changes such as neuronal tissue injury and inflammation. Present review is a modest attempt to gain insights into the role of dysregulated bioactive lipid levels and lipid oxidation status in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. This may open up new avenues exploiting lipids as the therapeutic targets for improving brain health, and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi 110007, India
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mahak Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India.
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18
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Kamal FZ, Lefter R, Jaber H, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Iordache AC. The Role of Potential Oxidative Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Exploration of Antioxidants as Possible Preventive and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076389. [PMID: 37047362 PMCID: PMC10094154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced due to arterial blockage, and it often leads to damage to brain cells or death. According to a myriad of experimental studies, oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify how the alterations of oxidative stress biomarkers could suggest a severity-reflecting diagnosis of ischemic stroke and how these interactions may provide new molecular targets for neuroprotective therapies. We performed an eligibility criteria-based search on three main scientific databases. We found that patients with acute ischemic stroke are characterized by increased oxidative stress markers levels, such as the total antioxidant capacity, F2-isoprostanes, hydroxynonenal, total and perchloric acid oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACTOT and ORACPCA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. Thus, acute ischemic stroke is causing significant oxidative stress and associated molecular and cellular damage. The assessment of these molecular markers could be useful in diagnosing ischemic stroke, finding its causes, predicting its severity and outcomes, reducing its impact on the cellular structures of the brain, and guiding preventive treatment towards antioxidant-based therapy as novel therapeutic alternatives.
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19
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Zhao J, Yang Q, Liu Z, Xu P, Tian L, Yan J, Li K, Lin B, Bian L, Xi Z, Liu X. The impact of subchronic ozone exposure on serum metabolome and the mechanisms of abnormal bile acid and arachidonic acid metabolisms in the liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114573. [PMID: 36701875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ozone (O3) pollution can induce respiratory and cardiovascular toxicity. However, its impact on the metabolome and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study first investigated the serum metabolite changes in rats exposed to 0.5 ppm O3 for 3 months using untargeted metabolomic approach. Results showed chronic ozone exposure significantly altered the serum levels of 34 metabolites with potential increased risk of digestive, respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, bile acid synthesis and secretion, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism became the most prominent affected metabolic pathways after O3 exposure. Further studies on the mechanisms found that the elevated serum toxic bile acid was not due to the increased biosynthesis in the liver, but the reduced reuptake from the portal vein to hepatocytes owing to repressed Ntcp and Oatp1a1, and the decreased bile acid efflux in hepatocytes as a results of inhibited Bsep, Ostalpha and Ostbeta. Meanwhile, decreased expressions of detoxification enzyme of SULT2A1 and the important regulators of FXR, PXR and HNF4α also contributed to the abnormal bile acids. In addition, O3 promoted the conversion of AA into thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid (20-HETE) in the liver by up-regulation of Fads2, Cyp4a and Tbxas1 which resulting in decreased AA and linoleic acid (LA), and increased thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 20-HETE in the serum. Furthermore, apparent hepatic chronic inflammation, fibrosis and abnormal function were found in ozone-exposed rats. These results indicated chronic ozone exposure could alter serum metabolites by interfering their metabolism in the liver, and inducing liver injury to aggravate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Qingcheng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Sport University, Tianjin 301617, China.
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20
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Abedalqader NN, Rababa'h AM, Ababneh M. The protective effect of rivaroxaban with or without aspirin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet reactivity in isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:337-351. [PMID: 36334131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases are principal sources of mortality and disability in global human population. Progressively, rivaroxaban is being evaluated for the prevention of atherosclerotic thrombi, particularly with anti-platelet agents. Hence, the current report aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of rivaroxaban on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury model in rats and the possible synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five different groups. Cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Rat tail bleeding time was performed prior to sacrifice. Cardiac enzymes, platelet activity, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pre-administration of rivaroxaban alone and on combination with aspirin prevented ISO-induced increase in cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels. Moreover, a significant prolongation of bleeding time was demonstrated among aspirin, rivaroxaban, and aspirin plus rivaroxaban treated groups. On the other hand, the combination treatment of aspirin plus rivaroxaban showed no marked difference in these biomarkers and bleeding time relative to either drug administered separately. However, a prominent decrease of cardiac 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) level was displayed in the combination treatment when compared with ISO and rivaroxaban-treated groups, whereas no significant improvement was seen in cardiac glycoprotein V (GPV) levels except in aspirin-treated group. The study results demonstrated that rivaroxaban decreases cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelets reactivity. However, the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin did not seem to show synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiplatelet effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour N Abedalqader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Mohajeri M, Cicero AFG. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Association with Serum Levels of Nitric Oxide, Prostacyclin, and Thromboxane B 2 among Prinzmetal Angina Patients and Healthy Persons. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030738. [PMID: 36771443 PMCID: PMC9919954 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with serum Nitric oxide, Prostacyclin, and Thromboxane B2 among Prinzmetal angina patients and healthy persons. This case-control study was conducted among 100 Prinzmetal angina patients and 100 healthy persons referred to the Ardabil Imam Khomeini hospital between 2021 and 2022. Blood samples were obtained from all study participants for measurement of serum Nitric oxide, Prostacyclin, and Thromboxane B2. To calculate adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the ten-item screener was used. The serum Nitric oxide in patients who adhered more to the Mediterranean diet was higher than patients with less adherence (coeff. = 0.41 p = 0.04). The serum Prostacyclin level in patients with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 0.34 units higher than patients with less adherence (coeff. = 0.34 p = 0.02). The level of serum Thromboxane B2 had a negative association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (coeff. = -0.48 p = 0.04). The amount of consumption of olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and legumes in healthy people was more than Prinzmetal angina patients. In Prinzmetal angina patients, more adherence to the Mediterranean diet can decrease the serum Thromboxane B2 and increase the serum Nitric oxide and Prostacyclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohajeri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56131-56491, Iran
- Correspondence: or mahsa. (M.M.); (A.F.G.C.); Tel.: +98-9143592794 (M.M.); +39-512142224 (A.F.G.C.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Medicine and Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: or mahsa. (M.M.); (A.F.G.C.); Tel.: +98-9143592794 (M.M.); +39-512142224 (A.F.G.C.)
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Fu J, Shan J, Cui Y, Yan C, Wang Q, Han J, Cao G. Metabolic disorder and intestinal microflora dysbiosis in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 36627678 PMCID: PMC9832664 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare acquired immune-mediated neuropathy. Although microbial infection is potentially a contributing factor, a causative link between CIDP and microbial infection remains unclear. There is also no definitive biomarker for CIDP diagnostics and therapies. The present study aimed to characterize the serum metabolic profile and gut microbiome structure in CIDP. METHODS Targeted metabolomics profiling of serum, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and metagenomics sequencing of stool samples from a cohort of CIDP and non-CIDP subjects were performed to evaluate serum metabolic profiles and gut microbiome structure in CIDP subjects relative to healthy controls. RESULTS Metabolome data revealed that the bile acids profile was perturbed in CIDP with bile acids and arachidonic acid enriched significantly in CIDP versus non-CIDP controls. Metagenome data revealed that opportunistic pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Megamonas funiformis, and genes involved in bacterial infection were notably more abundant in CIDP subjects, while gut microbes related to biotransformation of secondary bile acids were abnormal in CIDP versus non-CIDP subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in secondary bile acids were associated with altered gut microbes, including Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides caccae, and Ruminococcus gnavus. CONCLUSION Bile acids and arachidonic acid metabolism were disturbed in CIDP subjects and might be affected by the dysbiosis of gut microbial flora. These findings suggest that the combination of bile acids and arachidonic acid could be used as a CIDP biomarker and that modulation of gut microbiota might impact the clinical course of CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Fu
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Jingli Shan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Qinzhou Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
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Lipids Alterations Associated with Metformin in Healthy Subjects: An Investigation Using Mass Spectrometry Shotgun Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911478. [PMID: 36232780 PMCID: PMC9569788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an orally effective insulin-sensitizing drug widely prescribed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin has been reported to alter lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms behind its impact on lipid metabolism remain partially explored and understood. In the current study, mass spectrometry-based lipid profiling was used to investigate the lipidomic changes in the serum of 26 healthy individuals after a single-dose intake of metformin. Samples were analyzed at five-time points: preadministration, before the maximum concentration of metformin (Cmax), Cmax, after Cmax, and 36 h post-administration. A total of 762 molecules were significantly altered between the five-time points. Based on a comparison between baseline level and Cmax, metformin significantly increased and decreased the level of 33 and 192 lipids, respectively (FDR ≤ 0.05 and fold change cutoff of 1.5). The altered lipids are mainly involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, several lipids acted in an opposed or similar manner to metformin levels and included fatty acyls, sterol lipids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids. The significantly altered lipid species pointed to fundamental lipid signaling pathways that could be linked to the pleiotropic effects of metformin in T2DM, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Fatty Acid Levels and Their Inflammatory Metabolites Are Associated with the Nondipping Status and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Stroke Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092200. [PMID: 36140306 PMCID: PMC9496373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This paper discusses the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of nondipping blood pressure and its role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of free fatty acids (FAs) and their inflammatory metabolites on the nondipping phenomenon and the risk of sleep apnea in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty-four ischemic stroke patients were included in the prospective study. Group I consisted of 33 patients with a preserved physiological dipping effect (DIP), while group II included 31 patients with the nondipping phenomenon (NDIP). All subjects had FA gas chromatography and inflammatory metabolite measurements performed with the use of liquid chromatography, their 24 h blood pressure was recorded, and they were assessed with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: In the nondipping group a higher level of C16:0 palmitic acid was observed, while lower levels were observed in regard to C20:0 arachidic acid, C22:0 behenic acid and C24:1 nervonic acid. A decreased leukotriene B4 level was recorded in the nondipping group. None of the FAs and derivatives correlated with the ESS scale in the group of patients after stroke. Correlations were observed after dividing into the DIP and NDIP groups. In the DIP group, a higher score of ESS was correlated with numerous FAs and derivatives. Inflammation of a lower degree and a higher level of anti-inflammatory mediators from EPA and DHA acids favored the occurrence of the DIP. A high level of C18: 3n6 gamma linoleic acid indicating advanced inflammation, intensified the NDIP effect. Conclusions: We demonstrated potential novel associations between the FA levels and eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the nondipping phenomenon. There are common connections between fatty acids, their metabolites, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nondipping in stroke patients.
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Influence of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Platelet Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163261. [PMID: 36014773 PMCID: PMC9413306 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with platelet hyperreactivity and subsequent atherogenesis. Whether physiological TMAO-levels influence platelet-derived lipid mediators remains unknown. Little is known about pre-analytic factors potentially influencing TMAO concentrations. We aimed at developing a quantitative LC-MS/MS method to investigate in-vivo and in-vitro pre-analytical factors in TMAO analysis to properly assess the proposed activating effect of TMAO on platelets. TMAO, betaine, carnitine, and choline were analyzed by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS within 6 min total run time. Method validation included investigation of reproducibility, recovery, sensitivity, and in-vitro pre-analytical factors. A 24-h monitoring experiment was performed, evaluating in-vivo pre-analytical factors like daytime or diet. Finally, the effects of different TMAO concentrations on platelet activation and corresponding alterations of platelet-derived eicosanoid release were analyzed. The method showed high reproducibility (CVs ≤ 5.3%), good recovery rates (96–98%), and negligible in-vitro pre-analytical effects. The influence of in-vivo pre-analytical factors on TMAO levels was not observable within the applied experimental conditions. We did not find any correlation between TMAO levels and platelet activation at physiological TMAO concentrations, whereas platelet-derived eicosanoids presented activation of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. In contrast to previously published results, we did not find any indications regarding diet dependency or circadian rhythmicity of TMAO levels. Our results do not support the hypothesis that TMAO increases platelet responsiveness via the release of lipid-mediators.
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Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080721. [PMID: 36005592 PMCID: PMC9414732 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) together form the prostanoid family of lipid mediators. As autacoids, these five primary prostanoids propagate intercellular signals and are involved in many physiological processes. Furthermore, alterations in their biosynthesis accompany a wide range of pathological conditions, which leads to substantially increased local levels during disease. Primary prostanoids are chemically instable and rapidly metabolized. Their metabolites are more stable, integrate the local production on a systemic level, and their analysis in various biological matrices yields valuable information under different pathological settings. Therefore, prostanoid metabolites may be used as diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers in human disease. Although their potential as biomarkers is great and extensive research has identified major prostanoid metabolites that serve as target analytes in different biofluids, the number of studies that correlate prostanoid metabolite levels to disease outcome is still limited. We review the metabolism of primary prostanoids in humans, summarize the levels of prostanoid metabolites in healthy subjects, and highlight existing biomarker studies. Since analysis of prostanoid metabolites is challenging because of ongoing metabolism and limited half-lives, an emphasis of this review lies on the reliable measurement and interpretation of obtained levels.
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Gatti L. Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116280. [PMID: 35682959 PMCID: PMC9181779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and UCV, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
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High Levels of Thromboxane (TX) Are Associated with the Sex-Dependent Non-Dipping Phenomenon in Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092652. [PMID: 35566778 PMCID: PMC9102581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and high blood pressure (nondipping profile) during the rest/sleep period have been associated with an effect on the incidence of cardiovascular disorders and a more severe course in the ischemic cerebrovascular event. There are no available data on the relationship between dipping status and the pro-inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA); therefore, we undertook a study to investigate the influence of thromboxane on the incidence of nondipping among patients after stroke. METHODS Sixty-two patients with ischemic stroke (including 34 women and 28 men) were tested for the involvement of thromboxane in the nondipping phenomenon. Subjects were analyzed for the presence of the physiological phenomenon of dipping (DIP group) versus its absence-nondipping (NDIP group). Thromboxane (TX) measurements were performed using liquid chromatography, and blood pressure was measured 24 h a day in all subjects. RESULTS The analysis of the thromboxane level in the plasma of patients after ischemic stroke showed significant differences in terms of sex (p = 0.0004). Among women in both groups, the concentration of TX was high, while similar levels were observed in the group of men from the NDIP group. However, when comparing men in the DIP and NDIP groups, a lower TX level was noticeable in the DIP group. CONCLUSIONS A higher level of TX may be associated with a disturbance of the physiological phenomenon of DIP in men and women. However, in our opinion, TX is not the main determinant of the DIP phenomenon and, at the same time, other pro-inflammatory factors may also be involved in the occurrence of this singularity.
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The effect of continuous Jue tone intervention on blood pressure and vasoactive substances in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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