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Schoenmann N, Tannenbaum N, Hodgeman RM, Raju RP. Regulating mitochondrial metabolism by targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase with dichloroacetate, a metabolic messenger. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166769. [PMID: 37263447 PMCID: PMC10776176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a naturally occurring xenobiotic that has been used as an investigational drug for over 50 years. Originally found to lower blood glucose levels and alter fat metabolism in diabetic rats, this small molecule was found to serve primarily as a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the catalyst for oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce acetyl coenzyme A. Several congenital and acquired disease states share a similar pathobiology with respect to glucose homeostasis under distress that leads to a preferential shift from the more efficient oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. By reversing this process, DCA can increase available energy and reduce lactic acidosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature surrounding this metabolic messenger as it presents exciting opportunities for future investigation and clinical application in therapy including cancer, metabolic disorders, cerebral ischemia, trauma, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Schoenmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Tannenbaum
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Hodgeman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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Toledo GF, Nagamine MK, Nowosh V, Machado FT, Massoco CO, Souza-Pinto NC, Dagli MLZ. Antineoplastic effects of sodium dichloroacetate and omeprazole, alone or in combination, on canine oral mucosal melanoma cells. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1186650. [PMID: 37520008 PMCID: PMC10373870 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is a common neoplasm in canines, although it is rare in humans. Cancer cells present alterations in energetic metabolism, and the Warburg effect states that most cancer cells undergo aerobic glycolysis. This can be reversed by certain drugs, resulting in decreased cell viability and cell death. We sought to evaluate the effects of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and omeprazole (OMP) alone or in combination on canine OMM and human melanoma cells. CMGD5 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines were treated with DCA and OMP alone or in combination, and cell viability was assessed using the crystal violet assay. Cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) was assessed by Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining assays using flow cytometry. In addition, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated using a SeaHorse XF assay. Treatment with DCA or OMP alone resulted in a significant, but not dose-dependent, reduction in cell viability in both cell lines; however, the combination of DCA and OMP resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in viability in both cell lines. DCA and OMP, alone or in combination, did not alter OCR at the concentrations tested in either cell line. Since the combination of DCA and OMP potentialized the inhibition of viability and increased cell death in a synergistic manner in melanoma cells, this approach may represent a new repurposing strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Toledo
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia K. Nagamine
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Nowosh
- Laboratory of Comparative Imuno-Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felippe T. Machado
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina O. Massoco
- Laboratory of Comparative Imuno-Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadja C. Souza-Pinto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alkaabi D, Arafat K, Sulaiman S, Al-Azawi AM, Attoub S. PD-1 Independent Role of PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076420. [PMID: 37047395 PMCID: PMC10094894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast malignancy characterized by a high proliferative rate and metastatic potential leading to treatment failure, relapse, and poor prognosis. Therefore, efforts are continuously being devoted to understanding its biology and identifying new potential targets. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunosuppressive protein that inactivates T cells by binding to the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1). PD-L1 overexpression in cancer cells contributes to immune evasion and, subsequently, poor survival and prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Apart from its inhibitory impact on T cells, this ligand is believed to have an intrinsic role in cancer cells. This study was performed to clarify the PD-1 independent role of PD-L1 in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells by knocking out the PD-L1 using three designs of CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral particles. Our study revealed that PD-L1 knockout significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in vivo. PD-L1 knockout also decreased the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. We have shown that PD-L1 knockout MDA-MB-231 cells have low levels of p-Akt and p-ERK in addition to some of their downstream proteins, c-Fos, c-Myc, p21, survivin, and COX-2. Furthermore, PD-L1 knockout significantly decreased the expression of Snail and RhoA. This study shows the intrinsic role of PD-L1 in TNBC independently of its binding to PD-1 receptors on T cells. It may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies using PD-L1 inhibitors alone and in combination to treat TNBC more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Alkaabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Mudhafar Al-Azawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Arafat K, Sulaiman S, Al-Azawi AM, Yasin J, Sugathan S, Nemmar A, Karam S, Attoub S. Origanum majorana essential oil decreases lung tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lam SK, Yan S, Lam JSM, Feng Y, Khan M, Chen C, Ko FCF, Ho JCM. Disturbance of the Warburg effect by dichloroacetate and niclosamide suppresses the growth of different sub-types of malignant pleural mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020343. [PMID: 36304150 PMCID: PMC9592830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhalation of asbestos fibers is the most common cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In 2004, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a combination of cisplatin with pemetrexed to treat unresectable MPM. Nonetheless novel treatment is urgently needed. The objective of this study is to report the combination effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) or niclosamide (Nic) Nic in MPM. Materials and methods: The effect of a combination of DCA and Nic was studied using a panel of MPM cell lines (H28, MSTO-211H, H226, H2052, and H2452). Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glucose, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate and ATP levels were determined by corresponding ELISA. Apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle analysis, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were investigated by flow cytometry. Cell migration and colony formation were investigated by transwell migration and colony formation assays respectively. The in vivo effect was confirmed using 211H and H226 nude mice xenograft models. Results and conclusion: Cell viability was reduced. Disturbance of glycolysis and/or oxidative phosphorylation resulted in downregulation of glycogen, citrate and succinate. DCA and/or Nic increased apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, G2/M arrest and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, DCA and/or Nic suppressed cell migration and colony formation. Furthermore, a better initial tumor suppressive effect was induced by the DCA/Nic combination compared with either drug alone in both 211H and H226 xenograft models. In H226 xenografts, DCA/Nic increased median survival of mice compared with single treatment. Single drug and/or a combination disturbed the Warburg effect and activated apoptosis, and inhibition of migration and proliferation in vivo. In conclusion, dichloroacetate and/or niclosamide showed a tumor suppressive effect in MPM in vitro and in vivo, partially mediated by disturbance of glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, ROS production, G2/M arrest, and suppression of migration and proliferation.
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Chen G, She W, Yu C, Rouzi T, Li X, Ma L, Zhang N, Jiang H, Liu X, Wu J, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhou F. A novel organic arsenic derivative MZ2 remodels metabolism and triggers mtROS-mediated apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04333-2. [PMID: 36056952 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common neoplasms in adults, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results with conventional drugs. Here, we synthesized a novel organic arsenic derivative MZ2 and evaluated its ability to remodel energy metabolism to achieve anti-leukemia. METHODS MZ2 was characterized by the average 1-min full mass spectra analysis. Biological methods such as Western blot, qPCR, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to assess the mode and mechanism of MZ2-induced death. The in vivo efficacy of MZ2 was assessed by constructing a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) AML model. RESULTS Unlike the precursor organic arsenical Z2, MZ2 can effectively reduce the level of aerobic glycolysis. Our in-depth found that MZ2 inhibited the expression of PDK2 in a dose-dependent manner and did not affect the expression of LDHA, another key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. MZ2 reconstituted energy metabolism to induce the generation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and then triggerd intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We also assessed whether MZ2 generates autophagy and results showed that MZ2 can induce autophagy of AML cells, which may be associated with the precursor organic arsenic drug. In vivo, MZ2 effectively attenuated leukemia progression in mice, and immunohistochemical results suggested its PDK2 inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION In summary, the novel organic arsine derivative MZ2 exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in acute myeloid leukemia, which may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenyan She
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chaochao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tuerxunayi Rouzi
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jinxian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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