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Gokaltun A, Asik E, Byrne D, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Supercooled preservation of cultured primary rat hepatocyte monolayers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1429412. [PMID: 39076209 PMCID: PMC11284110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1429412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercooled preservation (SCP) is a technology that involves cooling a substance below its freezing point without initiating ice crystal formation. It is a promising alternative to prolong the preservation time of cells, tissues, engineered tissue products, and organs compared to the current practices of hypothermic storage. Two-dimensional (2D) engineered tissues are extensively used in in vitro research for drug screening and development and investigation of disease progression. Despite their widespread application, there is a lack of research on the SCP of 2D-engineered tissues. In this study, we presented the effects of SCP at -2 and -6°C on primary rat hepatocyte (PRH) monolayers for the first time and compared cell viability and functionality with cold storage (CS, + 4°C). We preserved PRH monolayers in two different commercially available solutions: Hypothermosol-FRS (HTS-FRS) and the University of Wisconsin (UW) with and without supplements (i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 3-O-Methyl-Α-D-Glucopyranose (3-OMG)). Our findings revealed that UW with and without supplements were inadequate for the short-term preservation of PRH monolayers for both SCP and CS with high viability, functionality, and monolayer integrity. The combination of supplements (PEG and 3-OMG) in the HTS-FRS solution outperformed the other groups and yielded the highest viability and functional capacity. Notably, PRH monolayers exhibited superior viability and functionality when stored at -2°C through SCP for up to 3 days compared to CS. Overall, our results demonstrated that SCP is a feasible approach to improving the short-term preservation of PRH monolayers and enables readily available 2D-engineered tissues to advance in vitro research. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into preservation outcomes across various biological levels, from cells to tissues and organs, contributing to the advancement of bioengineering and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Eda Asik
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Delaney Byrne
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
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Kimijima J, Inagawa A, Miyagawa A, Nasuno E, Uehara N. Probing the interaction between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions by electrophoresis in ice grain boundaries. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342713. [PMID: 38816152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychrophiles can survive under cryogenic conditions because of various biomolecules. These molecules interact with cells, ice crystals, and lipid bilayers to enhance their functionality. Previous studies typically measured these interactions by thawing frozen samples and conducting biological assays at room temperature; however, studying these interactions under cryogenic conditions is crucial. This is because these biomolecules can function at lower temperatures. Therefore, a platform for measuring chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions must be established. RESULTS The chemical interactions between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions were evaluated within ice grain boundaries with a channel-like structure, which circumvents the need for thawing. An aqueous solution of sucrose was frozen within a microfluidic channel, facilitating the formation of freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs) that functioned as size-tunable electrophoretic fields. Avidin proteins or single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were introduced into the FCS in advance. Probe micro/nanospheres whose surfaces were modified with molecules complementary to the target analytes were introduced into the FCS. If the targets have functionalities under sub-zero temperature conditions, they interact with complementary molecules. The chemical interactions between the target molecules and nanospheres led to the aggregation of the particles. The size tunability of the diameter of the FCS channels enabled the recognition of aggregation levels, which is indicative of interaction reactivity. The avidin-biotin interaction and ssDNA hybridization served as models for chemical interactions, demonstrating interactivity under sub-zero temperature conditions. The results presented herein suggest the potential for in situ measurement of biochemical assays in the frozen state, elucidating the functionality of bio-related macromolecules at or slightly below 0 °C. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first methodology to evaluate chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions without employing the freeze-and-thaw process. This method has the advantage of revealing the chemical interactions only at low temperatures. Therefore, it can be used to screen and evaluate the functionality of cryo-related biomolecules, including cold-shock and antifreeze proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kimijima
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Eri Nasuno
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
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Silva Júnior RAD, Desenzi R, Ramires MMDS, Souza AFD, Donato MAM, Peixoto CA, Bartolomeu CC, Batista AM. Use of Antifreeze Protein from Tenebrio molitor (TmAFP) in Vitrification of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos: An Ultrastructural Study. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:51-59. [PMID: 37192475 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of antifreeze protein (AFP) extracted from the larva of the beetle, Tenebrio molitor (TmAFP), on vitrification of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. In vitro-produced blastocysts were divided into three experimental groups and vitrified using a cryotop. TmAFP was added to the equilibrium solution (ES) and vitrification solution (VS) at a concentration of 0 ng/mL (control), 500 ng/mL (500TmAFP), or 1000 ng/mL (1000TmAFP). Vitrification was carried out by first placing the blastocysts in ES for 2 minutes (7.5% ethylene glycol [EG] and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]). The blastocysts were then transferred to VS (15% EG and 15% DMSO) and promptly deposited on a cryotop stem and submerged in liquid nitrogen. Warming was carried out in three steps with decreasing sucrose concentrations. After warming, the blast cells were cultured for 24 hours for subsequent survival analysis and ultrastructural evaluation. There was a significant difference in the survival rate and expansion in the 500TmAFP group compared with the other groups. The ultrastructural analysis revealed intracellular lesions in all vitrified embryos; however, the embryos of the 500TmAFP and 1000TmAFP groups showed fewer cytoplasmic lesions compared with the control group. Taken together, addition of TmAFP can mitigate cellular changes that involve organelles and cellular components essential for proper functioning and improve the viability of warmed and vitrified in vitro-produced bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Artur da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Biotécnicas Aplicadas à Reprodução, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raquel Desenzi
- Laboratório de Biotécnicas Aplicadas à Reprodução, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM, CNPq), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Coutinho Bartolomeu
- Laboratório de Biotécnicas Aplicadas à Reprodução, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - André Mariano Batista
- Laboratório de Biotécnicas Aplicadas à Reprodução, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Yang Y, Yamauchi A, Tsuda S, Kuramochi M, Mio K, Sasaki YC, Arai T. The ice-binding site of antifreeze protein irreversibly binds to cell surface for its hypothermic protective function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:343-348. [PMID: 37837755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are multifunctional polypeptides that adsorb onto ice crystals to inhibit their growth and onto cells to protect them from nonfreezing hypothermic damage. However, the mechanism by which AFP exerts its hypothermic cell protective (HCP) function remains uncertain. Here, we assessed the HCP function of three types of fish-derived AFPs (type I, II, and III AFPs) against human T-lymphoblastic lymphoma by measuring the survival rate (%) of the cells after preservation at 4 °C for 24 h. All AFPs improved the survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner, although the HCP efficiency was inferior for type III AFP compared to other AFPs. In addition, after point mutations were introduced into the ice-binding site (IBS) of a type III AFP, HCP activity was dramatically increased, suggesting that the IBS of AFP is involved in cell adsorption. Significantly, high HCP activity was observed for a mutant that exhibited poorer antifreeze activity, indicating that AFP exerts HCP- and ice-binding functions through a different mechanism. We next incubated the cells in an AFP-containing solution, replaced it with pure EC solution, and then preserved the cells, showing that no significant reduction in the cell survival rate occurred for type I and II AFPs even after replacement. Thus, these AFPs irreversibly bind to the cells at 4 °C, and only tightly adsorbed AFP molecules contribute towards the cell-protection function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Akari Yamauchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yuji C Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan; AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Japan.
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Hikichi M, Shimizu T, Sato K. Development of supercooling preservation method of adherent cultured human cells. J Biochem 2023; 174:273-278. [PMID: 37141918 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of mammalian cells is an important technology; however, freezing damage due to osmotic pressure differences and ice crystal formation is inevitable. In addition, cryopreserved cells cannot be used immediately after thawing in many cases. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method for supercooling and preserving adherent cells using a precision temperature-controlled CO2 incubator. The effects of the cooling rate from 37 to -4°C, the warming rate from -4 to 37°C and a preservation solution on cell viability after storage were examined. Human hepatocarcinoma-derived cell line HepG2 cells, preserved with HypoThermosol FRS at -4°C with a cooling rate of -0.028°C/min (24 h from 37°C to -4°C) and warming to 37°C at a rate of +1.0°C/min (40 min from -4 to 37°C), displayed high cell viability after 14 days of preservation. The superiority of supercooling preservation at -4°C was demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with that of refrigerated preservation at +4°C. Cells preserved for 14 days under optimal conditions showed no cell shape abnormalities and may be used for experiments immediately after thawing. The optimized supercooling preservation method determined in this study is suitable for the temporary preservation of adherent cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaya Hikichi
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- R&D Division, Sanden Retail Systems Corporation, ARCA West 8F, 1-2-4, Kinshi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8563, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sato
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Tomalty HE, Graham LA, Walker VK, Davies PL. Chilling injury in human kidney tubule cells after subzero storage is not mitigated by antifreeze protein addition. Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00034-2. [PMID: 37164251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
By preventing freezing, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can permit cells and organs to be stored at subzero temperatures. As metabolic rates decrease with decreasing temperature, subzero static cold storage (SZ-SCS) could provide more time for tissue matching and potentially lead to fewer discarded organs. Human kidneys are generally stored for under 24 h and the tubule epithelium is known to be particularly sensitive to static cold storage (SCS). Here, telomerase-immortalized proximal-tubule epithelial cells from humans, which closely resemble their progenitors, were used as a proxy to assess the potential benefit of SZ-SCS for kidneys. The effects of hyperactive AFPs from a beetle and Cryostasis Storage Solution were compared to University of Wisconsin Solution at standard SCS temperatures (4 °C) and at -6 °C for up to six days. Although the AFPs helped guard against freezing, lower storage temperatures under these conditions were not beneficial. Compared to cells at 4 °C, those stored at -6 °C showed decreased viability as well as increased lactate dehydrogenase release and apoptosis. This suggests that this kidney cell type might be prone to chilling injury and that the addition of AFPs to enable SZ-SCS may not be effective for increasing storage times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Tomalty
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Laurie A Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Virginia K Walker
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Submilligram Level of Beetle Antifreeze Proteins Minimize Cold-Induced Cell Swelling and Promote Cell Survival. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111584. [PMID: 36358934 PMCID: PMC9687565 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic (cold) preservation is a limiting factor for successful cell and tissue transplantation where cell swelling (edema) usually develops, impairing cell function. University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, a standard cold preservation solution, contains effective components to suppress hypothermia-induced cell swelling. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) found in many cold-adapted organisms can prevent cold injury of the organisms. Here, the effects of a beetle AFP from Dendroides canadensis (DAFP-1) on pancreatic β-cells preservation were first investigated. As low as 500 µg/mL, DAFP-1 significantly minimized INS-1 cell swelling and subsequent cell death during 4 °C preservation in UW solution for up to three days. However, such significant cytoprotection was not observed by an AFP from Tenebrio molitor (TmAFP), a structural homologue to DAFP-1 but lacking arginine, at the same levels. The cytoprotective effect of DAFP-1 was further validated with the primary β-cells in the isolated rat pancreatic islets in UW solution. The submilligram level supplement of DAFP-1 to UW solution significantly increased the islet mass recovery after three days of cold preservation followed by rewarming. The protective effects of DAFP-1 in UW solution were discussed at a molecular level. The results indicate the potential of DAFP-1 to enhance cell survival during extended cold preservation.
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Choi HW, Jang H. Application of Nanoparticles and Melatonin for Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4028-4044. [PMID: 36135188 PMCID: PMC9497981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, a technique widely applied in human infertility clinics and to preserve desirable genetic traits of livestock, has been developed over 30 years as a component of the artificial insemination process. A number of researchers have conducted studies to reduce cell toxicity during cryopreservation using adjuvants leading to higher gamete and embryo survival rates. Melatonin and Nanoparticles are novel cryoprotectants and recent studies have investigated their properties such as regulating oxidative stresses, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in order to protect gametes and embryos during vitrification. This review presented the current status of cryoprotectants and highlights the novel biomaterials such as melatonin and nanoparticles that may improve the survivability of gametes and embryos during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hoon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3359
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Kuramochi M, Zhu S, Takanashi C, Yang Y, Arai T, Shinkai Y, Doi M, Mio K, Tsuda S, Sasaki YC. A mutation to a fish ice-binding protein synthesized in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans modulate its cold tolerance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 628:98-103. [PMID: 36084557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A cryoprotectant known as ice-binding protein (IBP) is thought to facilitate the cold survival of plants, insects, and fungi. Here, we prepared a genetically modified Caenorhabditis elegans strain to synthesize fish-derived IBPs in its body wall muscles and examined whether the antifreeze activity modification of this IBP by point mutation affects the cold tolerance of this worm. We chose a 65-residue IBP identified from notched-fin eelpout, for which the replacement of the 20th alanine residue (A20) modifies its antifreeze activity. These mutant proteins are denoted A20L, A20G, A20T, A20V, and A20I along with the wild-type (WT) protein. We evaluated the survival rate (%) of the transgenic C. elegans that synthesized each IBP mutant following 24 h of preservation at -5, +2, and +5 °C. Significantly, a dramatic improvement in the survival rate was detected for the worms synthesizing the activity-enhanced mutants (A20T and A20I), especially at +2 °C. In contrast, the rate was not improved by the expression of the defective mutants (A20L, A20G, WT and A20V). The survival rate (%) probably correlates with the antifreeze activity of the IBP. These data suggest that IBP protects the cell membrane by employing its ice-binding mechanism, which ultimately improves the cold tolerance of an IBP-containing animal.
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