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Kang J, Yoon HM, Jung J, Yu S, Choi SY, Bae HW, Cho YH, Chung EH, Lee Y. Pleiotropic effects of N-acylhomoserine lactone synthase ExpI on virulence, competition, and transmission in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:687-697. [PMID: 37758685 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectobacterium species are necrotrophic phytopathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot disease in economically important crops. The successful infection of host plants relies on interactions among virulence factors, competition, and transmission within hosts. Pectobacteria primarily produce and secrete plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) for virulence. The regulation of PCWDEs is controlled by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, the QS system is crucial for disease development in pectobacteria through PCWDEs. RESULTS In this study, we identified a Tn-insertion mutant, M2, in the expI gene from a transposon mutant library of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 (hereafter Pcc21). The mutant exhibited reduced production and secretion of PCWDEs, impaired flagellar motility, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, resulting in attenuated soft rot symptoms in cabbage and potato tubers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes involved in the production and secretion in the mutant, consistent with the observed phenotype. Furthermore, the Pcc21 wild-type transiently colonized in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster within 12 h after feeding, while the mutant compromised colonization phenotype. Interestingly, Pcc21 produces a bacteriocin, carocin D, to compete with other bacteria. The mutant exhibited up-regulation of carocin D-encoding genes (caroDK) and inhibited the growth of a closely related bacterium, P. wasabiae. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the significance of ExpI in the overall pathogenic lifestyle of Pcc21, including virulence, competition, and colonization in plant and insect hosts. These findings suggest that disease outcome is a result of complex interactions mediated by ExpI across multiple steps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yae Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, and Institutes of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Bae
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, and Institutes of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tendiuk N, Diakonova A, Petrova O, Mukhametzyanov T, Makshakova O, Gorshkov V. Svx Peptidases of Phytopathogenic Pectolytic Bacteria: Structural, Catalytic and Phytoimmune Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:756. [PMID: 38255830 PMCID: PMC10815107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Svx proteins are virulence factors secreted by phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pectobacterium genus into the host plant cell wall. Svx-encoding genes are present in almost all species of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera). The Svx of P. atrosepticum (Pba) has been shown to be a gluzincin metallopeptidase that presumably targets plant extensins, proteins that contribute to plant cell wall rigidity and participate in cell signaling. However, the particular "output" of the Pba Svx action in terms of plant-pathogen interactions and plant immune responses remained unknown. The Svx proteins are largely unexplored in Dickeya species, even though some of them have genes encoding two Svx homologs. Therefore, our study aims to compare the structural and catalytic properties of the Svx proteins of Pba and D. solani (Dso) and to test the phytoimmune properties of these proteins. Two assayed Dso Svx proteins, similar to Pba Svx, were gluzincin metallopeptidases with conservative tertiary structures. The two domains of the Svx proteins form electronegative clefts where the active centers of the peptidase domains are located. All three assayed Svx proteins possessed phytoimmunosuppressory properties and induced ethylene-mediated plant susceptible responses that play a decisive role in Pba-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tendiuk
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.T.); (A.D.); (O.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Anastasiya Diakonova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.T.); (A.D.); (O.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.T.); (A.D.); (O.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Timur Mukhametzyanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.T.); (A.D.); (O.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.T.); (A.D.); (O.P.); (O.M.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Maphosa S, Moleleki LN. A computational and secretome analysis approach reveals exclusive and shared candidate type six secretion system substrates in Pectobacterium brasiliense 1692. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127501. [PMID: 37976736 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) has implications for bacterial competition, virulence, and survival. For the broad host range pathogen, Pectobacterium brasiliense 1692, T6SS-mediated competition occurs in a tissue-specific manner. However, no other roles have been investigated. The aim of this study was to identify T6SS-associated proteins under virulence inducing conditions. We used Bastion tools to predict 1479 Pbr1692 secreted proteins. Sixteen percent of these overlap between type 1-4 secretion systems (T1SS-T4SS) and T6SS. Using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry of Pbr1692 T6SS active and T6SS inactive strains' secretomes cultured in minimal media supplemented with host extract, 49 T6SS-associated proteins with varied gene ontology predicted functions were identified. We report 19 and 30 T6SS primary substrates and differentially secreted proteins, respectively, in T6SS mutants versus wild type strains. Of the total 49 T6SS-associated proteins presented in this study, 25 were also predicted using the BastionX platform as T6SS exclusive and shared substrates with T1SS-T4SS. This work provides a list of Pbr1692 T6SS secreted effector candidates. These include a potential antibacterial toxin HNH endonuclease and several predicted virulence proteins, including plant cell wall degrading enzymes. A preliminary basis for potential crosstalk between GNB secretion systems is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maphosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - L N Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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Yuan Z, Yang T, Xiong Q, Shi Y, Han X, Lin Y, Wambui NH, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu H. PCAP-1a, an exopolysaccharide from Pectobacterium actinidiae, exerts the dual role of immunogenicity and virulence in plants. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121390. [PMID: 37940244 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense mechanisms begin with the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs). Several carbohydrates, such as chitin, were reported to induce plant defenses, acting as elicitors. Regrettably, the structures of polysaccharide elicitors have rarely been characterized, and their recognition receptors in plants remain unknown. In the present study, PCAP-1a, an exopolysaccharide (PCAP-1a) purified from Pectobacterium actinidiae, was characterized and found to induce rapid cell death of dicotyledons, acting as a polysaccharide elicitor to induce plant immunity. A series of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses were triggered, including reactive oxygen species production, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and gene transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, we confirmed that CERK1 is probably one of the immune coreceptors for plants to recognize PCAP-1a. Notably, PCAP-1a also promotes the infection caused by P. actinidiae. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of PCAP-1a as a toxin that plays a dual role of virulence and immune induction in pathogen-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tingmi Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Specialty Commercial Crops in North Guangxi, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xixi Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Njoroge Hellen Wambui
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China.
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Shi H, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Shen S. Can we control potato fungal and bacterial diseases? - microbial regulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22390. [PMID: 38046151 PMCID: PMC10686857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato plant is one of the main crops in the world. However, relatively little is known about key virulence factors of major fungal and bacterial diseases in potatoes, biocontrol measures to improve activity and stability, and the core driving forces in the control process. Here, we focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which genes, proteins, or (and) metabolites of potato pathogens as key virulence factors. Then, the single strain biocontrol agents, synthetic microbial communities, microbial microcapsule strategies were introduced, and the latter two strategies can improve stability and activity in biocontrol. Meanwhile, summarized the defense mechanisms of biocontrol and their specific issues in practical applications. Furthermore, explore how potato crop management, soil management, and climate effects, as crucial driving forces affect potato biocontrol in the system. Dynamic and systematic research, excavation of biocontrol strain resources, find the causes of regional disease resistance and exploration of biocontrol mechanism will provide promising solutions for biotic stress faced by potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Shi
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
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Lin Y, Gu H, Jia X, Wang W, Hong B, Zhang F, Yin H. Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA extracellular polysaccharides: Structural characterization and induced resistance to rice sheath blight. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125281. [PMID: 37330100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) are complex polysaccharides secreted by microbes that have a pivotal role in the plant-microbe interaction. At present, many studies have been carried out on R. solani, but it is not very clear whether the EPS is secreted by R. solani exists. Therefore, we isolated and extracted the EPS from R. solani, two kinds of EPS (EW-I and ES-I) were obtained by DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sephacryl S-300HR column further purification, and their structures were characterized by FT-IR, UV, GC, and NMR analysis. The results showed that EW-I and ES-I had similar monosaccharide composition but different molar ratio, they were composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose with a ratio of 7.49: 27.72: 2.98: 6.66: 55.15 and 3.81: 12.98: 6.15: 10.83: 66.23, and their backbone may be composed of →2)-α-Manp-(1→ residues, beside ES-I was highly branched compared to EW-I. The exogenous application of EW-I and ES-I had no effect on the growth of R. solani AG1 IA itself, but their pretreatment of rice induced plant defense through activation of the salicylic acid pathway, resulting in enhanced resistance to sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 715299, China
| | - Fuyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Yu S, Kang J, Chung EH, Lee Y. Disruption of the metC Gene Affects Methionine Biosynthesis in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 and Reduces Soft-Rot Disease. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:62-74. [PMID: 36760050 PMCID: PMC9929172 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic Pectobacterium species cause severe soft rot/blackleg diseases in many economically important crops worldwide. Pectobacterium utilizes plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) as the main virulence determinants for its pathogenicity. In this study, we screened a random mutant, M29 is a transposon insertion mutation in the metC gene encoding cystathionine β-lyase that catalyzes cystathionine to homocysteine at the penultimate step in methionine biosynthesis. M29 became a methionine auxotroph and resulted in growth defects in methionine-limited conditions. Impaired growth was restored with exogenous methionine or homocysteine rather than cystathionine. The mutant exhibited reduced soft rot symptoms in Chinese cabbages and potato tubers, maintaining activities of PCWDEs and swimming motility. The mutant was unable to proliferate in both Chinese cabbages and potato tubers. The reduced virulence was partially restored by a complemented strain or 100 µM of methionine, whereas it was fully restored by the extremely high concentration (1 mM). Our transcriptomic analysis showed that genes involved in methionine biosynthesis or transporter were downregulated in the mutant. Our results demonstrate that MetC is important for methionine biosynthesis and transporter and influences its virulence through Pcc21 multiplication in plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmi Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160,
Korea
| | - Jihee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160,
Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841,
Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160,
Korea
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Kowalczyk A, Babińska-Wensierska W, Lojkowska E, Kaczyński Z. The structure of O-polysaccharide isolated from the type strain of Pectobacterium versatile CFBP6051 T containing an erwiniose - higher branched monosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108743. [PMID: 36669445 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing sugar, methylation, and absolute configurations analyses as well as NMR spectroscopy, the chemical repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Pectobacteriumversatile CFBP6051T was identified as: The polymer contains residues of an unusual, higher-branched monosaccharide, named erwiniose (3,6,8-trideoxy-4-C-(R-1-hydroxyethyl)-d-gulo-octose). Comparison of the P. versatile CFBP6051T O-polysaccharide with those isolated from strains of other Pectobacterium species indicated high differentiation in their structures within this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Weronika Babińska-Wensierska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kaczyński
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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Host plant physiological transformation and microbial population heterogeneity as important determinants of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae-plant interactions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 148-149:33-41. [PMID: 36621443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pectobacterium and Dickeya species belonging to the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are one of the most devastating phytopathogens. They degrade plant tissues by producing an arsenal of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. However, SRP-plant interactions are not restricted to the production of these "brute force" weapons. Additionally, these bacteria apply stealth behavior related to (1) manipulation of the host plant via induction of susceptible responses and (2) formation of heterogeneous populations with functionally specialized cells. Our review aims to summarize current knowledge on SRP-induced plant susceptible responses and on the heterogeneity of SRP populations. The review shows that SRP are capable of adjusting the host's hormonal balance, inducing host-mediated plant cell wall modification, promoting iron assimilation by the host, stimulating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and host cell death, and activating the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are ineffective in limiting disease progression. By this means, SRP facilitate host plant susceptibility. During host colonization, SRP populations produce various functionally specialized cells adapted for enhanced virulence, increased resistance, motility, vegetative growth, or colonization of the vascular system. This enables SRP to perform self-contradictory tasks, which benefits a population's overall fitness in various environments, including host plants. Such stealthy tactical actions facilitate plant-SRP interactions and disease progression.
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Khan R, Shah MD, Shah L, Lee PC, Khan I. Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031935. [PMID: 36407542 PMCID: PMC9671505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides are unique due to their higher purity, hydrophilic nature, and a finer three-dimensional fibrous structure. Primarily, these polymers provide protection, support, and energy to the microorganism, however, more recently several auxiliary properties of these biopolymers have been unmasked. Microbial polysaccharides have shown therapeutic abilities against various illnesses, augmented the healing abilities of the herbal and Western medicines, improved overall health of the host, and have exerted positive impact on the growth of gut dwelling beneficial bacteria. Specifically, the review is discussing the mechanism through which bacterial polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, they are holding promising application in the 3D printing. The review is also discussing a perspective about the metagenome-based screening of polysaccharides, their integration with other cutting-edge tools, and synthetic microbiome base intervention of polysaccharides as a strategy for prebiotic intervention. This review has collected interesting information about the bacterial polysaccharides from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Up to our knowledge, this is the first of its kind review article that is summarizing therapeutic, prebiotics, and commercial application of bacterial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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