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Singh A, Choudhury SD, Singh P, Singh VV, Singh SN, Sharma A. Ionic reverberation modulates the cellular fate of CD8 +tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A novel mechanism. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110256. [PMID: 38762062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), existing treatments including checkpoint inhibitors are failed to cure and/or prevent recurrence of the disease. Therefore, in-depth understanding of tumor tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) dysfunction are necessitated to enrich efficacy of immunotherapies and increasing disease free survival in treated patients. In patients, we observed dysregulation of K+, Ca2+, Na2+ and Zn2+ ion channels leads to excess infiltration of their respective ions in tumor TRMs, thus ionic gradients are disturbed and cells became hyperpolarized. Moreover, overloaded intramitochondrial calcium caused mitochondrial depolarization and trigger apoptosis of tumor TRMs. Decreased prevalence of activated tumor TRMs reflected our observations. Furthermore, disruptions in ionic concentrations impaired the functional activities and/or suppressed anti-tumor action of circulating and tumor TRMs in RCC. Collectively, these findings revealed novel mechanism behind dysfunctionality of tumor TRMs. Implicating enrichment of activated TRMs within tumor would be beneficial for better management of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumitra Dey Choudhury
- Central core Research facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Wilfahrt D, Delgoffe GM. Metabolic waypoints during T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:206-217. [PMID: 38238609 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This Review explores the interplay between T cell activation and cell metabolism and highlights how metabolites serve two pivotal functions in shaping the immune response. Traditionally, T cell activation has been characterized by T cell antigen receptor-major histocompatibility complex interaction (signal 1), co-stimulation (signal 2) and cytokine signaling (signal 3). However, recent research has unveiled the critical role of metabolites in this process. Firstly, metabolites act as signal propagators that aid in the transmission of core activation signals, such as specific lipid species that are crucial at the immune synapse. Secondly, metabolites also function as unique signals that influence immune differentiation pathways, such as amino acid-induced mTORC1 signaling. Metabolites also play a substantial role in epigenetic remodeling, by directly modifying histones, altering gene expression and influencing T cell behavior. This Review discusses how T cells integrate nutrient sensing with activating stimuli to shape their differentiation and sensitivity to metabolites. We underscore the integration of immunological and metabolic inputs in T cell function and suggest that metabolite availability is a fundamental determinant of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Wilfahrt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Fu X, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Ju Y, Song G. Targeting the mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells: a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0229. [PMID: 38009775 PMCID: PMC10690881 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the root cause of cancer occurrence, progression, chemoradioresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Targeting CSCs is a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer management and treatment. Liver cancer (LC) is a malignant disease that can endanger human health. Studies are increasingly suggesting that changes in the liver mechanical microenvironment are a primary driver triggering the occurrence and development of liver cancer. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the roles of the liver mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in liver cancer progression. We also discuss the relationship between the mechanical heterogeneity of liver cancer tissues and LCSC recruitment and metastasis. Finally, we highlight potential mechanosensitive molecules in LCSCs and mechanotherapy in liver cancer. Understanding the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the mechano-microenvironment and LCSCs may provide fundamental insights into liver cancer progression and aid in further development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fu
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Shah OS, Bashir SM, Muzaffer U, Ali SI, Wani IA, Alzerwi NAN, Elderdery AY, Alanazi A, Alenazy FO, Alharbi AHA. Insight into Oncogenic Viral Pathways as Drivers of Viral Cancers: Implication for Effective Therapy. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1924-1944. [PMID: 36826111 PMCID: PMC9955780 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As per a recent study conducted by the WHO, 15.4% of all cancers are caused by infectious agents of various categories, and more than 10% of them are attributed to viruses. The emergence of COVID-19 has once again diverted the scientific community's attention toward viral diseases. Some researchers have postulated that SARS-CoV-2 will add its name to the growing list of oncogenic viruses in the long run. However, owing to the complexities in carcinogenesis of viral origin, researchers across the world are struggling to identify the common thread that runs across different oncogenic viruses. Classical pathways of viral oncogenesis have identified oncogenic mediators in oncogenic viruses, but these mediators have been reported to act on diverse cellular and multiple omics pathways. In addition to viral mediators of carcinogenesis, researchers have identified various host factors responsible for viral carcinogenesis. Henceforth owing to viral and host complexities in viral carcinogenesis, a singular mechanistic pathway remains yet to be established; hence there is an urgent need to integrate concepts from system biology, cancer microenvironment, evolutionary perspective, and thermodynamics to understand the role of viruses as drivers of cancer. In the present manuscript, we provide a holistic view of the pathogenic pathways involved in viral oncogenesis with special emphasis on alteration in the tumor microenvironment, genomic alteration, biological entropy, evolutionary selection, and host determinants involved in the pathogenesis of viral tumor genesis. These concepts can provide important insight into viral cancers, which can have an important implication for developing novel, effective, and personalized therapeutic options for treating viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 1158, Sudan
- Correspondence:
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry Kashmir, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 182301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College and Associated Hospital, Srinagar 190010, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Clinical Research Laboratory, SKIMS, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu P, Lu H, Wang M, Chen K, Chen Z, Yang L. Targeted mechanical forces enhance the effects of tumor immunotherapy by regulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0491. [PMID: 36647779 PMCID: PMC9843446 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with tumor growth, proliferation, and drug resistance. Strong mechanical forces in tumors alter the metabolism and behavior of cancer cells, thus promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Mechanical signals are transformed into biochemical signals, which activate tumorigenic signaling pathways through mechanical transduction. Cancer immunotherapy has recently made exciting progress, ushering in a new era of "chemo-free" treatments. However, immunotherapy has not achieved satisfactory results in a variety of tumors, because of the complex tumor microenvironment. Herein, we discuss the effects of mechanical forces on the tumor immune microenvironment and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mechanical forces in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Hongrui Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zheling Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence to: Zheling Chen and Liu Yang, E-mail: and
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- Correspondence to: Zheling Chen and Liu Yang, E-mail: and
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Kim YK, Walters JA, Moss ND, Wells KL, Sheridan R, Miranda JG, Benninger RKP, Pyle LL, O'Brien RM, Sussel L, Davidson HW. Zinc transporter 8 haploinsufficiency protects against beta cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes by increasing mitochondrial respiration. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101632. [PMID: 36347424 PMCID: PMC9672421 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a major humoral target in human type 1 diabetes (T1D). Polymorphic variants of Slc30A8, which encodes ZnT8, are also associated with protection from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study examined whether ZnT8 might play a role beyond simply being a target of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of T1D. METHODS The phenotypes of NOD mice with complete or partial global loss of ZnT8 were determined using a combination of disease incidence, histological, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses. RESULTS Unexpectedly, while complete loss of ZnT8 accelerated spontaneous T1D, heterozygosity was partially protective. In vivo and in vitro studies of ZnT8 deficient NOD.SCID mice suggested that the accelerated disease was due to more rampant autoimmunity. Conversely, beta cells in heterozygous animals uniquely displayed increased mitochondrial fitness under mild proinflammatory conditions. CONCLUSIONS In pancreatic beta cells and immune cell populations, Zn2+ plays a key role as a regulator of redox signaling and as an independent secondary messenger. Importantly, Zn2+ also plays a major role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Our results suggest that regulating mitochondrial fitness by altering intra-islet zinc homeostasis may provide a novel mechanism to modulate T1D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyung Kim
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay A Walters
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole D Moss
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen L Wells
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; RNA Biology Initiative, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ryan Sheridan
- RNA Biology Initiative, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jose G Miranda
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard K P Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura L Pyle
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Director Child Health Research Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Howard W Davidson
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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