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Liu X, Liu X, Huang N, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhuang Z, Jin M, Li N, Huang T. Women's reproductive risk and genetic predisposition in type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111121. [PMID: 38295999 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess synergistic effects of reproductive factors and gene-reproductive interaction on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, also the extent to which the genetic risk of T2D can be affected by reproductive risk. METHODS 84,254 women with genetic data and reproductive factors were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 in the UK Biobank. The reproductive risk score (RRS) was conducted based on 17 reproductive items, and genetic risk score (GRS) was based on 149 genetic variants. RESULTS There were 2300 (2.8 %) T2D cases during an average follow-up of 4.49 years. We found a significant increase in T2D risk across RRS categories (Ptrend < 0.001). Compared with low reproductive risk, high-mediate (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.38, 95 % CI 1.20-1.58) and high (aHR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.54-2.19) reproductive risk could increase the risk of T2D. We further observed a significant additive interaction between reproductive risk and genetic predisposition. In the situation of high genetic predisposition, women with low reproductive risk had lower risk of T2D than those with high reproductive risk (aHR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.30-0.76), with an absolute risk reduction of 2.98 %. CONCLUSIONS Our novo developed RRS identified high reproductive risk is associated with elevated risk of women's T2D, which can be magnified by gene-reproductive interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, China
| | - Zeping Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, China
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Raugh A, Jing Y, Bettini ML, Bettini M. The amphiregulin/EGFR axis has limited contribution in controlling autoimmune diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18653. [PMID: 37903947 PMCID: PMC10616065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional immunosuppressive functions of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis have been well described, but whether Tregs have additional non-immunological functions supporting tissue homeostasis in pancreatic islets is unknown. Within the last decade novel tissue repair functions have been ascribed to Tregs. One function is production of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, amphiregulin, which promotes tissue repair in response to inflammatory or mechanical tissue injury. However, whether such pathways are engaged during autoimmune diabetes and promote tissue repair is undetermined. Previously, we observed that upregulation of amphiregulin at the transcriptional level was associated with functional Treg populations in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. From this we postulated that amphiregulin promoted islet tissue repair and slowed the progression of diabetes in NOD mice. Here, we report that islet-infiltrating Tregs have increased capacity to produce amphiregulin, and that both Tregs and beta cells express EGFR. Moreover, we show that amphiregulin can directly modulate mediators of endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells. Despite this, NOD amphiregulin deficient mice showed no acceleration of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. Taken together, the data suggest that the ability for amphiregulin to affect the progression of autoimmune diabetes is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Raugh
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Yi Jing
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matthew L Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Raugh A, Jing Y, Bettini ML, Bettini M. The Amphiregulin/EGFR axis has limited contribution in controlling autoimmune diabetes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3204139. [PMID: 37577652 PMCID: PMC10418547 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3204139/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional immunosuppressive functions of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis have been well described, but whether Tregs have additional non-immunological functions supporting tissue homeostasis in pancreatic islets is unknown. Within the last decade novel tissue repair functions have been ascribed to Tregs. One function is production of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, amphiregulin, which promotes tissue repair in response to inflammatory or mechanical tissue injury. Whether such pathways are engaged during autoimmune diabetes and promote tissue repair is undetermined. Previously, we observed upregulation of amphiregulin at the transcriptional level was associated with functional Treg populations in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. We postulated that amphiregulin promoted islet tissue repair and slowed the progression of diabetes in NOD mice. Here, we report that islet-infiltrating Tregs have increased capacity to produce amphiregulin and both Tregs and beta cells express EGFR. Moreover, we show that amphiregulin can directly modulate mediators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in beta cells. Despite this, NOD amphiregulin deficient mice showed no acceleration of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. Taken together, the data suggest that the ability for amphiregulin to affect the progression of autoimmune diabetes is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Raugh
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Yi Jing
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Matthew L. Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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Rescifina A. Progress of the "Molecular Informatics" Section in 2022. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119442. [PMID: 37298393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first Editorial of the "Molecular Informatics" Section (MIS) of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS), which was created towards the end of 2018 (the first article was submitted on 27 September 2018) and has experienced significant growth from 2018 to now [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Watanabe J, Kotani K, Gugliucci A. Paraoxonase 1 and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031199. [PMID: 36769846 PMCID: PMC9917420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that has been proposed as a biomarker for CKD. While several studies have reported an association between serum PON1 activity and CKD, consensus based on systematically analyzed data remains necessary. We set out to conduct a meta-analysis of literature on PON1 in CKD. Electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL, were searched for available studies on PON1 activity in patients with CKD (without dialysis) as published before December 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. In total, 24 studies (22 studies on paraoxonase and 11 on arylesterase activity) were eligibly identified. Patients with CKD showed a lower activity of paraoxonase (standard mean difference [SMD], -1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.15 to -1.29) and arylesterase (SMD, -2.60; 95%CI, -3.96 to -1.24) than healthy controls. In the subgroup analyses, paraoxonase activity was lower in chronic kidney failure (CKF), an advanced stage of CKD, than in non-CKF. In summary, PON1 activity is low in patients with CKD, suggesting that the antioxidant defense by PON1 is impaired in CKD. The decrease in enzyme activity is pronounced in advanced CKD showing some variability depending on the substrate employed to measure PON1 activity. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Watanabe
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-City 329-0498, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81285-58-7394; Fax: +81285-44-0628
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University-California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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