1
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Pompei E, Vlamidis Y, Ferbel L, Zannier V, Rubini S, Esteban DA, Bals S, Marinelli C, Pfusterschmied G, Leitgeb M, Schmid U, Heun S, Veronesi S. Functionalization of three-dimensional epitaxial graphene with metal nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16107-16118. [PMID: 39099555 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first successful functionalization of epitaxial three-dimensional graphene with metal nanoparticles. The functionalization is obtained by immersing three-dimensional graphene in a nanoparticle colloidal solution. This method is versatile and demonstrated here for gold and palladium, but can be extended to other types of nanoparticles. We have measured the nanoparticle density on the top surface and in the porous layer volume by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The samples exhibit a wide coverage of nanoparticles with minimal clustering. We demonstrate that high-quality graphene promotes the functionalization, leading to higher nanoparticle density both on the surface and in the pores. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the absence of contamination after the functionalization process. Moreover, it confirms the thermal stability of the Au- and Pd-functionalized three-dimensional graphene up to 530 °C. Our approach opens new avenues for utilizing three-dimensional graphene as a versatile platform for catalytic applications, sensors, and energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pompei
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ylea Vlamidis
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Physical Science, Earth, and Environment, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferbel
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rubini
- Istituto Officina Dei Materiali IOM - CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Daniel Arenas Esteban
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- Nanolab Centre of Excellence, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- Nanolab Centre of Excellence, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carmela Marinelli
- Department of Physical Science, Earth, and Environment, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Markus Leitgeb
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heun
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Veronesi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscience-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Gammie C, Hesse F, Kennedy B, Bos JWG, Sanna A. Encoding CO 2 Adsorption in Sodium Zirconate by Neutron Diffraction. Molecules 2024; 29:3798. [PMID: 39202876 PMCID: PMC11357190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research into sodium zirconate as a high-temperature CO2 sorbent has been extensive, but detailed knowledge of the material's crystal structure during synthesis and carbon dioxide uptake remains limited. This study employs neutron diffraction (ND), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to explore these aspects. An improved synthesis method, involving the pre-drying and ball milling of raw materials, produced pure samples with average crystal sizes of 37-48 nm in the monoclinic phase. However, using a slower heating rate (1 °C/min) decreased the purity. Despite this, the 1 °C/min rate resulted in the highest CO2 uptake capacity (4.32 mmol CO2/g Na2ZrO3) and CO2 sorption rate (0.0017 mmol CO2/g) after 5 min at 700 °C. This was attributed to a larger presence of microstructure defects that facilitate Na diffusion from the core to the shell of the particles. An ND analysis showed that the conversion of Na2ZrO3 was complete under the studied conditions and that CO2 concentration significantly impacts the rate of CO2 absorption. The TGA results indicated that the reaction rate during CO2 sorption remained steady until full conversion due to the absorptive nature of the chemisorption process. During the sorbent reforming step, ND revealed the disappearance of Na2O and ZrO2 as the zirconate phase reformed. However, trace amounts of Na2CO3 and ZrO2 remained after the cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Gammie
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Fabian Hesse
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Blair Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, St Andrews University, St Andrews, N Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.K.); (J.-W.G.B.)
| | - Jan-Willem G. Bos
- School of Chemistry, St Andrews University, St Andrews, N Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.K.); (J.-W.G.B.)
| | - Aimaro Sanna
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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3
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Mohamed MG, Su BX, Kuo SW. Robust Nitrogen-Doped Microporous Carbon via Crown Ether-Functionalized Benzoxazine-Linked Porous Organic Polymers for Enhanced CO 2 Adsorption and Supercapacitor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40858-40872. [PMID: 39039025 PMCID: PMC11311139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials, characterized by abundant microporous and nitrogen functionalities, exhibit significant potential for carbon dioxide capture and supercapacitors. In this study, a class of porous organic polymer (POP) were successfully synthesized by linking Cr-TPA-4BZ-Br4 and tetraethynylpyrene (Py-T). The model benzoxazine monomers of Cr-TPA-4BZ and Cr-TPA-4BZ-Br4 were synthesized using the traditional three-step method [involving CH═N formation, reduction by NaBH4, and Mannich condensation]. Subsequently, the Sonogashira coupling reaction connected the Cr-TPA-4BZ-Br4 and Py-T monomers, forming Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP. The successful synthesis of Cr-TPA-4BZ-Br4 and Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP was confirmed through various analytical techniques. After verifying the successful synthesis of Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP, carbonization and KOH activation procedures were conducted. These crucial steps led to the formation of poly(Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP)-800, a carbon material with a structure akin to graphite. In practical applications, poly(Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP)-800 exhibited a noteworthy CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.4 mmol/g, along with specific capacitance values of 397.2 and 159.2 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 (measured in a three-electrode cell) and 1 A g-1 (measured in a symmetric coin cell), respectively. These exceptional dual capabilities stem from the optimal ratio of heteroatom doping. The outstanding performance of poly(Cr-TPA-4BZ-Py-POP)-800 microporous carbon holds significant promise for addressing contemporary energy and environmental challenges, making substantial contributions to both sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department
of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Bo-Xuan Su
- Department
of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department
of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Periyasamy T, Asrafali SP, Kim SC, Kumar DR, Lee J. Polybenzoxazine-Based Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon and Their Composites with NiCo Bimetallic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:430. [PMID: 38337318 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as emerging energy storage devices that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. However, due to their low energy density, their real-time usage is restricted. Hence, to enhance the energy density of SCs, we prepared hetero-atom-doped carbon along with bimetallic oxides at different calcination temperatures, viz., HC/NiCo@600, HC/NiCo@700, HC/NiCo@800 and HC/NiCo@900. The material produced at 800 °C (HC/NiCo@800) exhibits a hierarchical 3D flower-like morphology. The electrochemical measurement of the prepared materials was performed in a three-electrode system showing an enhanced specific capacitance for HC/NiCo@600 (Cs = 1515 F g-1) in 1 M KOH, at a current density of 1 A g-1, among others. An asymmetric SC device was also fabricated using HC/NiCo@800 as anode and HC as cathode (HC/NiCo@600//HC). The fabricated device had the ability to operate at a high voltage window (~1.6 V), exhibiting a specific capacitance of 142 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1; power density of 743.11 W kg-1 and energy density of 49.93 Wh kg-1. Altogether, a simple strategy of hetero-atom doping and bimetallic inclusion into the carbon framework enhances the energy density of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirukumaran Periyasamy
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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5
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Cindro N, Car Ž, Petrović Peroković V, Borovina M, Panić B, Kodrin I, Biljan I. Synthesis of aromatic polynitroso compounds: Towards functional azodioxy-linked porous polymers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21781. [PMID: 38034606 PMCID: PMC10685250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerization property of aromatic polynitroso compounds could be used to create azodioxy porous networks with possible application for the adsorption of CO2, the main greenhouse gas. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new aromatic polynitroso compounds, with para-nitroso groups attached to the triphenylbenzene, triphenylpyridine, triphenyltriazine and triphenylamine moiety. The synthesis of the pyridine-based trinitroso compound was performed by reduction of the corresponding trinitro derivative to N-arylhydroxylamine followed by oxidation to the trinitroso product. For the synthesis of the benzene- and triazine-based trinitroso compounds, a novel synthetic strategy was implemented, which included cyclotrimerization of the 4-nitrosoacetophenone and 4-nitrosobenzonitrile, respectively. Reduction of the trinitro compound with triphenylamine unit produced the dinitroso product. In a solid state, all synthesized compounds form E-azodioxy oligomers or polymers. While azodioxy polymer with triphenylbenzene moiety is an amorphous solid, other azodioxy oligomers and polymers displayed sharp diffraction peaks pointing to their crystalline nature. A computational study indicated that eclipsed AA configurations are preferred over staggered AB and inclined AA' configurations. The serrated layers may be the most likely outcome when/if 2D layers form an organized polymer network of azodioxy linked triphenyltriazine-based building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mladen Borovina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Panić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kodrin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Biljan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Mahdy A, Aly KI, Mohamed MG. Construction novel polybenzoxazine coatings exhibiting corrosion protection of mild steel at different concentrations in a seawater solution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17977. [PMID: 37539112 PMCID: PMC10395360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new and effective polymeric coating is used to improve mild steel's corrosion resistance. The coating incorporates a Schiff base moiety into a benzoxazine (BZ) precursor, resulting in improved protection against corrosion. The SF-Tol-BZ polymerization behavior and thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively, at different curing temperatures. The poly(SF-Tol-BZ) cured at 240 °C had a Td10 value of 604 °C and a Tg of 225 °C. The efficacy of poly(SF-Tol-BZ) coatings in protecting mild steel (MS) from corrosion in a NaCl (3.5%) solution at room temperature was evaluated using various corrosion measurements, including open circuit potential (OCP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that increasing the poly(SF-Tol-BZ) concentration led to a corresponding increase in its protective efficiency, reaching a maximum of 92% at a concentration of 300 g/L. The coatings also exhibited a 24-fold increase in Rct values and a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in CPE compared to the bare mild steel. Finally, the poly(SF-Tol-BZ) precursors demonstrated a CO2 uptake of 23 mg g-1 (measured at 298 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Mahdy
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education & Science, Rada’a Albaydha University, Al-Baydha 38018, Yemen
| | - Kamal I. Aly
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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7
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Yao Z, Lu Y, Song J, Zhang K. Synthesis of Daidzein and Thiophene Containing Benzoxazine Resin and Its Thermoset and Carbon Material. Molecules 2023; 28:5077. [PMID: 37446739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel bio-based high-performance bisbenzoxazine resin was synthesized from daidzein, 2-thiophenemethylamine and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structure was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The polymerization process was systematically studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FT-IR spectra. It can be polymerized through multiple polymerization behaviors under the synergistic reaction of thiophene rings with benzopyrone rather than a single polymerization mechanism of traditional benzoxazines, as reported. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) were used to study the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the resulting polybenzoxazine. The thermosetting material showed a high carbon residue rate of 62.8% and a low heat release capacity (HRC) value of 33 J/gK without adding any flame retardants. Based on its outstanding capability of carbon formation, this newly obtained benzoxazine resin was carbonized and activated to obtain a porous carbon material doped with both sulfur and nitrogen. The CO2 absorption of the carbon material at 0 °C and 25 °C at 1 bar was 3.64 mmol/g and 3.26 mmol/g, respectively. The above excellent comprehensive properties prove its potential applications in many advanced fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Yao
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianan Song
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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8
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Aly KI, Amer AA, Mahross MH, Belal MR, Soliman AM, Mohamed MG. Construction of novel polybenzoxazine coating precursor exhibiting excellent anti-corrosion performance through monomer design. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15976. [PMID: 37215883 PMCID: PMC10192533 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilized salicylaldehyde (SA) and p-toluidine (Tol-NH2) to synthesize 2-(Z)[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methylphenol (SA-Tol-SF), which was then reduced to 2-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]methylphenol, producing SA-Tol-NH. SA-Tol-NH was further reacted with formaldehyde to create SA-Tol-BZ monomer. Poly(SA-Tol-BZ) was produced by thermally curing it at 210 °C, after synthesizing it from SA-Tol-BZ. The chemical structure of SA-Tol-BZ was analyzed using various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and 13C NMR spectroscopy TGA, SEM, DSC, and X-ray analyses. Afterward, we applied the obtained poly(SA-Tol-BZ) onto mild steel (MS) using thermal curing and spray coating techniques. To examine the anticorrosion attributes of MS coated with poly(SA-Tol-BZ), electrochemical characterization was employed. The study proved that poly(SA-Tol-BZ) coating had a high level of effectiveness in preventing corrosion on MS, with an efficacy of 96.52%, and also exhibited hydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal I. Aly
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Amer A. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Mahross
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R. Belal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M.M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Ultrastable Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Pyrene and Fluorene Units for Metal Ion Sensing and Energy Storage. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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10
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Samy MM, Mohamed MG, Sharma SU, Chaganti SV, Lee JT, Kuo SW. An Ultrastable Tetrabenzonaphthalene-Linked conjugated microporous polymer functioning as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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11
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Mohamed MG, Elsayed MH, Ye Y, Samy MM, Hassan AE, Mansoure TH, Wen Z, Chou HH, Chen KH, Kuo SW. Construction of Porous Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Polymers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Production from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010182. [PMID: 36616530 PMCID: PMC9824186 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used effective and one-pot Heck coupling reactions under moderate reaction conditions to construct two new hybrid porous polymers (named OVS-P-TPA and OVS-P-F HPPs) with high yield, based on silsesquioxane cage nanoparticles through the reaction of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with different brominated pyrene (P-Br4), triphenylamine (TPA-Br3), and fluorene (F-Br2) as co-monomer units. The successful syntheses of both OVS-HPPs were tested using various instruments, such as X-ray photoelectron (XPS), solid-state 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. All spectroscopic data confirmed the successful incorporation and linkage of P, TPA, and F units into the POSS cage in order to form porous OVS-HPP materials. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption analyses revealed the thermal stabilities of OVS-P-F HPP (Td10 = 444 °C; char yield: 79 wt%), with a significant specific surface area of 375 m2 g-1 and a large pore volume of 0.69 cm3 g-1. According to electrochemical three-electrode performance, the OVS-P-F HPP precursor displayed superior capacitances of 292 F g-1 with a capacity retention of 99.8% compared to OVS-P-TPA HPP material. Interestingly, the OVS-P-TPA HPP showed a promising HER value of 701.9 µmol g-1 h-1, which is more than 12 times higher than that of OVS-P-F HPP (56.6 µmol g-1 h-1), based on photocatalytic experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Maha Mohamed Samy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Hassan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
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12
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Saravanan Veera Sena V, Arumugam H, Mohamed Mydeen K, Krishnasamy B, Mohamed Iqbal M, Muthukaruppan A. Industrial cutting waste granite dust reinforced cardanol benzoxazine/epoxy resin hybrid composites for high‐voltage electrical insulation applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hariharan Arumugam
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Coimbatore India
| | | | - Balaji Krishnasamy
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Coimbatore India
| | - Mohamedmustafa Mohamed Iqbal
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Coimbatore India
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Coimbatore India
| | - Alagar Muthukaruppan
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Coimbatore India
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13
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Liu L, Wang F, Zhu Y, Qi H. Preparation and properties of benzoxazine precursors containing siloxane units and their epoxy copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four siloxane benzoxazines containing different rigid segments were successfully synthesized and characterized herein, including a benzene ring, a biphenyl, a naphthalene ring, and a diphenyl sulfone group. Different rigid segments had different effects on polymer properties. The introduction of the naphthalene ring and sulfone group considerably reduced the curing temperature of benzoxazine. Although the benzoxazine with the naphthalene ring exhibited low heat resistance, all the four samples showed a high char yield at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, during copolymerization with AG-80 epoxy, the introduction of epoxy promoted the curing of the benzoxazines containing the naphthalene ring and sulfone group. The heat resistance of all copolymers was considerably improved, especially for the copolymer containing the naphthalene ring, whose 5% thermal weight loss temperature ( Td5) increased from 248°C to 321°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The copolymer containing the biphenyl structure had the highest glass transition temperature, reaching 259.1°C. Copolymerization with epoxy also considerably improved the tensile strength and elongation at break of the copolymers, which were much higher than those of traditional bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a). Compared with the neat benzoxazine prepared using siloxane and bisphenol A, the developed copolymers also had better tensile properties, and the copolymer containing the sulfone group showed the greatest improvement (from 49 to 69 MPa, from 3.1% to 9.12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu L, Wang F, Zhu Y, Qi H. Study on properties of copolymers based on different types of benzoxazines and branched epoxy resins. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221125862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on linear epoxy (bisphenol A epoxy) resin/benzoxazine composites showed that with the addition of epoxy (EP) resin, the resulting copolymers exhibited an increased glass transition temperature ( Tg) ( Tg reached a maximum value at a specific content), improved flexural strength, lower heat resistance, and reduced tensile strength. Herein, branched EP resin (AG-80)/benzoxazine copolymers featuring novolac (N-box) and siloxane (Si-box) chains were prepared without any external curing agent. In both systems, the EP resin endowed the copolymers with an increased crosslinking density; however, Tg continued to increase with increasing EP content. In addition, the heat resistance of the copolymers gradually enhanced. Different types of benzoxazines have various effects on the properties of copolymers. In terms of mechanical properties, AG-80/N-box copolymers exhibited brittle fracture characteristics; with increasing EP content, the flexural strength of the copolymer decreased while the tensile strength increased. AG-80/Si-box copolymers exhibited ductile fracture characteristics, with gradual increases in flexural and tensile strengths. Furthermore, with increasing EP content, the molecular chain migration ability and network homogeneity of the AG-80/N-box copolymers decreased gradually. Alternatively, in the case of the AG-80/Si-box copolymers, the molecular chain migration ability remained unchanged and network homogeneity improved. Hence, the developed copolymers can be used as resin matrices for the fabrication of advanced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Mohamed MG, Hu HY, Madhu M, Ejaz M, Sharma SU, Tseng WL, Samy MM, Huang CW, Lee JT, Kuo SW. Construction of Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Thiophene and Fluorene for Metal Ion Sensing and Energy Storage. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091466. [PMID: 36144089 PMCID: PMC9505267 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have used the one-pot polycondensation method to prepare novel 2D conjugated microporous polymers (Th-F-CMP) containing thiophene (Th) and fluorene (Fl) moieties through the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data revealed that Th-F-CMP (Td10 = 418 °C, char yield: 53 wt%). Based on BET analyses, the Th-F-CMP sample displayed a BET specific surface area of 30 m2 g-1, and the pore size was 2.61 nm. Next, to show the effectiveness of our study, we utilized Th-F-CMP as a fluorescence probe for the selective detection of Fe3+ ions at neutral pH with a linear range from 2.0 to 25.0 nM (R2 = 0.9349). Furthermore, the electrochemical experimental studies showed that the Th-F-CMP framework had a superior specific capacity of 84.7 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 and outstanding capacitance retention (88%) over 2000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Huan-Yu Hu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohsin Ejaz
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Santosh U Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Maha Mohamed Samy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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16
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Mohamed MG, Chang WC, Kuo SW. Crown Ether- and Benzoxazine-Linked Porous Organic Polymers Displaying Enhanced Metal Ion and CO 2 Capture through Solid-State Chemical Transformation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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17
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Mohamed MG, Kuo SW. Progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5535-5561. [PMID: 35880446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes recent progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic POSS hybrids derived from mono-, di-, and multi-functionalized POSS cages. We highlight the self-assembled structures and physical properties of giant surfactants and chain-end- and side-chain-type hybrids derived from mono-functionalized POSS cages; main-chain-type hybrids derived from di-functionalized POSS cages; and star-shaped hybrids derived from multi-functionalized POSS cages; with various polymeric attachments, including polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), phenolic, PVPh, and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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18
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Intra- and Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Miscible Blends of CO2/Epoxy Cyclohexene Copolymer with Poly(Vinyl Phenol). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137018. [PMID: 35806022 PMCID: PMC9266814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) through alternative ring-opening copolymerization of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide (CHO) mediated by a binary LZn2OAc2 catalyst at a mild temperature. A two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared (2D FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that strong intramolecular [C–H···O=C] hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) occurred in the PCHC copolymer, thereby weakening its intermolecular interactions and making it difficult to form miscible blends with other polymers. Nevertheless, blends of PCHC with poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh), a strong hydrogen bond donor, were miscible because intermolecular H-bonding formed between the PCHC C=O units and the PVPh OH units, as evidenced through solid state NMR and one-dimensional and 2D FTIR spectroscopic analyses. Because the intermolecular H-bonding in the PCHC/PVPh binary blends were relatively weak, a negative deviation from linearity occurred in the glass transition temperatures (Tg). We measured a single proton spin-lattice relaxation time from solid state NMR spectra recorded in the rotating frame [T1ρ(H)], indicating full miscibility on the order of 2–3 nm; nevertheless, the relaxation time exhibited a positive deviation from linearity, indicating that the hydrogen bonding interactions were weak, and that the flexibility of the main chain was possibly responsible for the negative deviation in the values of Tg.
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19
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20
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Zhang S, Li Q, Ye J, Sun H, Liu X. Probing the copolymerization of alkynyl and cyano groups using monocyclic benzoxazine as model compound. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Yang W, Xie Y, Chen J, Huang C, Xu Y, Lin Y. Metal Ion-Catalyzed Low-Temperature Curing of Urushiol-Based Polybenzoxazine. Front Chem 2022; 10:879605. [PMID: 35572108 PMCID: PMC9096162 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.879605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, urushiol-based polybenzoxazine is cured by the Lewis acid (FeCl3, AlCl3, and CuCl2) at low temperature instead of high thermal curing temperature. The effect of the Lewis acid on structures and properties of the polymers is revealed. The relating urushiol-based benzoxazine monomer (BZ) was synthesized by natural urushiol, formaldehyde, and n-octylamine. The monomer was reacted with the Lewis acid with a molar ratio of 6:1 (Nmonomer: NMetal) at 80°C to obtain films that can be cured at room temperature. The chemical structures of benzoxazine monomers were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The interaction between the metal ion and the polymers is revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR). The effect of the Lewis acid on the mechanical properties, wettability, and thermal stability was investigated. The results show that the benzoxazine cured by Cu2+ has a better performance than that cured by Al3+ and Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yucai Lin, ; Yanlian Xu, ; Jipeng Chen,
| | - Chunmei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanlian Xu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yucai Lin, ; Yanlian Xu, ; Jipeng Chen,
| | - Yucai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yucai Lin, ; Yanlian Xu, ; Jipeng Chen,
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22
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Wu R, Hang Y, Li J, Bao A. Preparation of biomass derived phosphorus‐doped microporous carbon material and its application in dye adsorption and CO
2
capture. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
| | - Yongping Hang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
| | - Agula Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China
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23
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Mohamed MG, Li CJ, Khan MAR, Liaw CC, Zhang K, Kuo SW. Formaldehyde-Free Synthesis of Fully Bio-Based Multifunctional Bisbenzoxazine Resins from Natural Renewable Starting Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mo Aqib Raza Khan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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24
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Mohamed MG, Mansoure TH, Samy MM, Takashi Y, Mohammed AAK, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Kim J, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Kuo SW. Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:2025. [PMID: 35335388 PMCID: PMC8952824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemical stability, abundance in nature, and high surface areas. Therefore, in this study, we designed and prepared new benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-linked CMPs (BBT-CMPs) using a simple Sonogashira couplings reaction by reaction of 4,8-dibromobenzo(1,2-c;4,5-c')bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT-Br2) with ethynyl derivatives of triphenylamine (TPA-T), pyrene (Py-T), and tetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively, to afford TPA-BBT-CMP, Py-BBT-CMP, and TPE-BBT-CMP. The chemical structure and properties of BBT-CMPs such as surface areas, pore size, surface morphologies, and thermal stability using different measurements were discussed in detail. Among the studied BBT-CMPs, we revealed that TPE-BBT-CMP displayed high degradation temperature, up to 340 °C, with high char yield and regular, aggregated sphere based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the Py-BBT-CMP as organic electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 228 F g-1 and superior capacitance stability of 93.2% (over 2000 cycles). Based on theoretical results, an important role of BBT-CMPs, due to their electronic structure, was revealed to be enhancing the charge storage. Furthermore, all three CMP polymers featured a high conjugation system, leading to improved electron conduction and small bandgaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.G.M.); (M.M.S.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (T.H.M.); (A.A.K.M.)
| | - Tharwat Hassan Mansoure
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (T.H.M.); (A.A.K.M.)
| | - Maha Mohamed Samy
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.G.M.); (M.M.S.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (T.H.M.); (A.A.K.M.)
| | - Yasuno Takashi
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.G.M.); (M.M.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ahmed A. K. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (T.H.M.); (A.A.K.M.)
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Babasaheb M. Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.G.M.); (M.M.S.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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25
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Ultrastable Covalent Triazine Organic Framework Based on Anthracene Moiety as Platform for High-Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Supercapacitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063174. [PMID: 35328595 PMCID: PMC8951433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive and porous nitrogen-rich materials have great potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. The exceptional efficiency of such compounds, however, is dependent on their larger surface area and the level of nitrogen doping. To address these issues, we synthesized a porous covalent triazine framework (An-CTFs) based on 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (An-CN) units through an ionothermal reaction in the presence of different molar ratios of molten zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 400 and 500 °C, yielding An-CTF-10-400, An-CTF-20-400, An-CTF-10-500, and An-CTF-20-500 microporous materials. According to N2 adsorption–desorption analyses (BET), these An-CTFs produced exceptionally high specific surface areas ranging from 406–751 m2·g−1. Furthermore, An-CTF-10-500 had a capacitance of 589 F·g−1, remarkable cycle stability up to 5000 cycles, up to 95% capacity retention, and strong CO2 adsorption capacity up to 5.65 mmol·g−1 at 273 K. As a result, our An-CTFs are a good alternative for both electrochemical energy storage and CO2 uptake.
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Shi W, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Luo X, Liu X. Pyridine-based conjugated microporous polymers as adsorbents for CO 2 uptake via weak supramolecular interaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two pyridine-based conjugated microporous polymers with high micro-porosity exhibited a high CO2 capture value via weak supramolecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanning Zhao
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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27
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Yang R, Xie L, Li N, Froimowicz P, Zhang K. Synthesis of a triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain triptycene-polydimethysiloxane-benzoxazine copolymer with excellent comprehensive properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain benzoxazine copolymer have been synthesized and their corresponding thermosets exhibit excellent thermal stability, low flammability and low dielectric constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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