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Gürkan B, Poelman H, Pereverzeva L, Kruijswijk D, de Vos AF, Groenen AG, Nollet EE, Wichapong K, Lutgens E, van der Poll T, Du J, Wiersinga WJ, Nicolaes GAF, van ‘t Veer C. The IRAK-M death domain: a tale of three surfaces. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1265455. [PMID: 38268724 PMCID: PMC10806146 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1265455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) is a negative regulator of MyD88/IRAK-4/IRAK-1 signaling. However, IRAK-M has also been reported to activate NF-κB through the MyD88/IRAK-4/IRAK-M myddosome in a MEKK-3 dependent manner. Here we provide support that IRAK-M uses three surfaces of its Death Domain (DD) to activate NF-κB downstream of MyD88/IRAK-4/IRAK-M. Surface 1, with central residue Trp74, binds to MyD88/IRAK-4. Surface 2, with central Lys60, associates with other IRAK-M DDs to form an IRAK-M homotetramer under the MyD88/IRAK-4 scaffold. Surface 3; with central residue Arg97 is located on the opposite side of Trp74 in the IRAK-M DD tetramer, lacks any interaction points with the MyD88/IRAK-4 complex. Although the IRAK-M DD residue Arg97 is not directly involved in the association with MyD88/IRAK-4, Arg97 was responsible for 50% of the NF-κB activation though the MyD88/IRAK-4/IRAK-M myddosome. Arg97 was also found to be pivotal for IRAK-M's interaction with IRAK-1, and important for IRAK-M's interaction with TRAF6. Residue Arg97 was responsible for 50% of the NF-κB generated by MyD88/IRAK-4/IRAK-M myddosome in IRAK-1/MEKK3 double knockout cells. By structural modeling we found that the IRAK-M tetramer surface around Arg97 has excellent properties that allow formation of an IRAK-M homo-octamer. This model explains why mutation of Arg97 results in an IRAK-M molecule with increased inhibitory properties: it still binds to myddosome, competing with myddosome IRAK-1 binding, while resulting in less NF-κB formation. The findings further identify the structure-function properties of IRAK-M, which is a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Gürkan
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hessel Poelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liza Pereverzeva
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Kruijswijk
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk G. Groenen
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Edgar E. Nollet
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerry A. F. Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ‘t Veer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wang W, Cao X, Cao YN, Liu LL, Zhang SL, Qi WY, Zhang JX, Yang XZ, Li XK, Zao XB, Ye YA. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Niuxi-Mugua Formula in Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 via Network Pharmacology, Computational Biology, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Verification. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:1113-1129. [PMID: 37855353 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099272592231004170422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, Niuxi-Mugua formula (NMF) has been widely used to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the mechanism of NMF for treating COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of NMF for treating COVID- 19 by network pharmacology, computational biology, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The NMF-compound-target network was constructed to screen the key compounds, and the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) tool was used to screen the preliminary key genes. The overlapped genes (OGEs) and the preliminary key genes were further analyzed by enrichment analysis. Then, the correlation analysis of immune signatures and the preliminary key genes was performed. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation assays were applied to clarify the interactions between key compounds and key genes. Moreover, the SPR interaction experiment was used for further affinity kinetic verification. RESULTS Lipid and atherosclerosis, TNF, IL-17, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways were the main pathways of NMF in the treatment of COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between almost the majority of immune signatures and all preliminary key genes. The key compounds and the key genes were screened out, and they were involved in the main pathways of NMF for treating COVID-19. Moreover, the binding affinities of most key compounds binding to key genes were good, and IL1B-Quercetin had the best binding stability. SPR analysis further demonstrated that IL1B-Quercetin showed good binding affinity. CONCLUSION Our findings provided theoretical grounds for NMF in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi-Nan Cao
- Sun Simiao Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan, 727031, China
| | - Lian-Lian Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shu-Ling Zhang
- Sun Simiao Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan, 727031, China
| | - Wen-Ying Qi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xian-Zhao Yang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong-An Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
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Hashemzadeh M, Haseefa F, Peyton L, Shadmehr M, Niyas AM, Patel A, Krdi G, Movahed MR. A comprehensive review of the ten main platelet receptors involved in platelet activity and cardiovascular disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2023; 13:168-188. [PMID: 38223314 PMCID: PMC10784121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Although there are many variables that contribute to the development of this disease, it is predominantly the activity of platelets that provides the mechanisms by which this disease prevails. While there are numerous platelet receptors expressed on the surface of platelets, it is largely the consensus that there are 10 main platelet receptors that contribute to a majority of platelet function. Understanding these key platelet receptors is vitally important for patients suffering from myocardial infarction, CVD, and many other diseases that arise due to overactivation or mutations of these receptors. The goal of this manuscript is to review the main platelet receptors that contribute most to platelet activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Hashemzadeh
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
- Pima CollegeTucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lee Peyton
- Pima CollegeTucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Aamir Patel
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ghena Krdi
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Movahed
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
- University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
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Tsyu NG, Belyaev AV. Coarse-grained simulations of von Willebrand factor adsorption to collagen with consequent platelet recruitment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3747. [PMID: 37366014 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A multimeric glycoprotein of blood plasma-Von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediates platelet adhesion to the fibrillar collagen of the subendothelial matrix if the blood vessel walls are damaged. The adsorption of VWF to collagen is thus essential for the initial stages of platelet hemostasis and thrombosis, as it plays a role of a molecular bridge between the injury and platelet adhesion receptors. Biomechanical complexity and sensitivity to the hydrodynamics are inherent in this system, therefore, modern computational methods supplement experimental studies of biophysical and molecular mechanisms that underlie platelet adhesion and aggregation in the blood flow. In the present paper, we propose a simulation framework for the VWF-mediated platelet adhesion to a plane wall with immobilized binding sites for VWF under the action of shear flow. VWF multimers and platelets are represented in the model by particles connected by elastic bonds and immersed in a viscous continuum fluid. This work complements the scientific field by taking into account the shape of a flattened platelet, but keeping a compromise between the detail of the description and the computational complexity of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Tsyu
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Belyaev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Chang CT. The hemostatic effect and wound healing of novel collagen-containing polyester dressing. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2124-2143. [PMID: 37366282 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Collagen plays an important role in hemostasis and tissue repair processes. Traditional passive wound dressings like gauze, bandage, and cotton wool could hardly fit the open wounds and exerted no active effect on wound healing. Even worse, they would adhere to the skin tissue, causing dehydration and second injury upon replacement. Polyester is commonly used in the medical field and is a safe and inexpensive polymer. Due to the hydrophobic surface, polyester does not adhere to tissue; however, polyester does not have the hemostatic properties. We designed a material composed of collagen and polyester, encapsulated hydrolyzed collagen in polyester particles, and made collagen-polyester non-woven fabric by melt blowing method, The collagen content was 1% and the collagen-polyester dressing exhibited a hydrophobic nature, preventing moisture from sticking to its surface. The purpose of this study was to compare the hemostatic effect of collagen-polyester nonwovens with conventional polyester pads, and to observe the adhesion of the pads to the wound. The wound healing and shrinkage rates of collagen-polyester dressings and conventional pads were compared in a rat wound healing test. The hemostatic test showed that the polyester pads containing 1% collagen significantly shortened the bleeding time compared with the traditional polyester pads, and retained the hydrophobicity and non-adhesion properties. The collagen-polyester dressing had better angiogenesis and granulation degree than the control group on the 14th day, and reduced the wound shrinkage rate. Collagen polyester dressings have excellent hemostasis, regeneration, shrinkage reduction and non-adhering for wounds. Overall, the novel collagen-containing polyester dressing is ideal choice for wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tsung Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
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6
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Martinez-Navajas G, Ceron-Hernandez J, Simon I, Lupiañez P, Diaz-McLynn S, Perales S, Modlich U, Guerrero JA, Martin F, Sevivas T, Lozano ML, Rivera J, Ramos-Mejia V, Tersteeg C, Real PJ. Lentiviral gene therapy reverts GPIX expression and phenotype in Bernard-Soulier syndrome type C. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:75-92. [PMID: 37416759 PMCID: PMC10320622 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and frequent bleeding. It is caused by pathogenic variants in three genes (GP1BA, GP1BB, or GP9) that encode for the GPIbα, GPIbβ, and GPIX subunits of the GPIb-V-IX complex, the main platelet surface receptor for von Willebrand factor, being essential for platelet adhesion and aggregation. According to the affected gene, we distinguish BSS type A1 (GP1BA), type B (GP1BB), or type C (GP9). Pathogenic variants in these genes cause absent, incomplete, or dysfunctional GPIb-V-IX receptor and, consequently, a hemorrhagic phenotype. Using gene-editing tools, we generated knockout (KO) human cellular models that helped us to better understand GPIb-V-IX complex assembly. Furthermore, we developed novel lentiviral vectors capable of correcting GPIX expression, localization, and functionality in human GP9-KO megakaryoblastic cell lines. Generated GP9-KO induced pluripotent stem cells produced platelets that recapitulated the BSS phenotype: absence of GPIX on the membrane surface and large size. Importantly, gene therapy tools reverted both characteristics. Finally, hematopoietic stem cells from two unrelated BSS type C patients were transduced with the gene therapy vectors and differentiated to produce GPIX-expressing megakaryocytes and platelets with a reduced size. These results demonstrate the potential of lentiviral-based gene therapy to rescue BSS type C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martinez-Navajas
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Ceron-Hernandez
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iris Simon
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Lupiañez
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sofia Diaz-McLynn
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Perales
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Ute Modlich
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jose A. Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francisco Martin
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Avenida Ilustracion S/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevivas
- Serviço de Sangue, Medicina Transfusional e Imunohemoterapia Do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria L. Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-ISCIII, U765 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-ISCIII, U765 Murcia, Spain
- Grupo Español de Alteraciones Plaquetarias Congénitas (GEAPC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Ramos-Mejia
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pedro J. Real
- GENyO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, Avenida Fuentenueva S/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Inhibition of Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 by Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors Results in Decreased Release of Extracellular Vesicles by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Attenuated Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032027. [PMID: 36768348 PMCID: PMC9916533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important contributor and prognostic factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. VC is an active process mediated by the release of extracellular vesicles by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2 or SMPD3) plays a key role. Upon activation, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, thereby generating ceramide and phosphocholine. This conversion mediates the release of exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which ultimately forms the nidus for VC. nSMase2 therefore represents a drug target, the inhibition of which is thought to prevent or halt VC progression. In search of novel druglike small molecule inhibitors of nSMase2, we have used virtual ligand screening to identify potential ligands. From an in-silico collection of 48,6844 small druglike molecules, we selected 996 compounds after application of an in-house multi-step procedure combining different filtering and docking procedures. Selected compounds were functionally tested in vitro; from this, we identified 52 individual hit molecules that inhibited nSMase2 activity by more than 20% at a concentration of 150 µM. Further analysis showed that five compounds presented with IC50s lower than 2 µM. Of these, compounds ID 5728450 and ID 4011505 decreased human primary VSMC EV release and calcification in vitro. The hit molecules identified here represent new classes of nSMase2 inhibitors that may be developed into lead molecules for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of VC.
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Polyphosphate Activates von Willebrand Factor Interaction with Glycoprotein Ib in the Absence of Factor VIII In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214118. [PMID: 36430595 PMCID: PMC9692336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP), a phosphate polymer released by activated platelets, may modulate various stages of hemostasis by binding to blood proteins. In this context, we previously reported that polyP binds to the von Willebrand factor (VWF). One of the most significant functions of VWF is to bind to and protect the blood circulating Factor VIII (FVIII). Therefore, here, we study the role of polyP in the VWF-FVIII complex in vitro and suggest its biological significance. Surface plasmon resonance and electrophoretic mobility assays indicated that polyP binds dynamically to VWF only in the absence of FVIII. Using the VWF Ristocetin Cofactor assay, the most accepted method for studying VWF in platelet adhesion, we found that polyP activates this role of VWF only at low levels of FVIII, such as in plasmas with chemically depleted FVIII and plasmas from severe hemophilia A patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that FVIII competes with polyP in the activation of VWF. Finally, polyP also increases the binding of VWF to platelets in samples from patients with type 2 and type 3 von Willebrand disease. We propose that polyP may be used in designing new therapies to activate VWF when FVIII cannot be used.
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Reversible Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation and Thrombus Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012512. [PMID: 36293367 PMCID: PMC9604507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 activation is essential for platelet aggregation and, accordingly, for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The αIIbβ3 integrin is highly expressed on platelets and requires an activation step for binding to fibrinogen, fibrin or von Willebrand factor (VWF). A current model assumes that the process of integrin activation relies on actomyosin force-dependent molecular changes from a bent-closed and extended-closed to an extended-open conformation. In this paper we review the pathways that point to a functional reversibility of platelet αIIbβ3 activation and transient aggregation. Furthermore, we refer to mouse models indicating that genetic defects that lead to reversible platelet aggregation can also cause instable thrombus formation. We discuss the platelet agonists and signaling pathways that lead to a transient binding of ligands to integrin αIIbβ3. Our analysis points to the (autocrine) ADP P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases and Akt as principal pathways linked to reversible integrin activation. Downstream signaling events by protein kinase C, CalDAG-GEFI and Rap1b have not been linked to transient integrin activation. Insight into the functional reversibility of integrin activation pathways will help to better understand the effects of antiplatelet agents.
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Roles of Focal Adhesion Kinase PTK2 and Integrin αIIbβ3 Signaling in Collagen- and GPVI-Dependent Thrombus Formation under Shear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158688. [PMID: 35955827 PMCID: PMC9369275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP)VI and integrin αIIbβ3 are key signaling receptors in collagen-dependent platelet aggregation and in arterial thrombus formation under shear. The multiple downstream signaling pathways are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on disclosing the integrin-dependent roles of focal adhesion kinase (protein tyrosine kinase 2, PTK2), the shear-dependent collagen receptor GPR56 (ADGRG1 gene), and calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1). We designed and synthetized peptides that interfered with integrin αIIb binding (pCIB and pCIBm) or mimicked the activation of GPR56 (pGRP). The results show that the combination of pGRP with PTK2 inhibition or of pGRP with pCIB > pCIBm in additive ways suppressed collagen- and GPVI-dependent platelet activation, thrombus buildup, and contraction. Microscopic thrombus formation was assessed by eight parameters (with script descriptions enclosed). The suppressive rather than activating effects of pGRP were confined to blood flow at a high shear rate. Blockage of PTK2 or interference of CIB1 no more than slightly affected thrombus formation at a low shear rate. Peptides did not influence GPVI-induced aggregation and Ca2+ signaling in the absence of shear. Together, these data reveal a shear-dependent signaling axis of PTK2, integrin αIIbβ3, and CIB1 in collagen- and GPVI-dependent thrombus formation, which is modulated by GPR56 and exclusively at high shear. This work thereby supports the role of PTK2 in integrin αIIbβ3 activation and signaling.
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Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM, Jurk K. Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Thrombo-Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105825. [PMID: 35628635 PMCID: PMC9143948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6214 AC Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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