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Qi Z, Duan A, Ng K. Selenosugar, selenopolysaccharide, and putative selenoflavonoid in plants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13329. [PMID: 38551194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential micronutrient that is required for human health. Selenium supports cellular antioxidant defense and possesses bioeffects such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular and liver protective effects arising from Se-enhanced cellular antioxidant activity. Past studies on Se have focused on elucidating Se speciation in foods, biofortification strategies to produce Se-enriched foods to address Se deficiency in the population, and the biochemical activities of Se in health. The bioavailability and toxicity of Se are closely correlated to its chemical forms and may exhibit varying effects on body physiology. Selenium exists in inorganic and organic forms, in which inorganic Se such as sodium selenite and sodium selenate is more widely available. However, it is a challenge for safe and effective supplementation considering inorganic Se low bioavailability and high cytotoxicity. Organic Se, by contrast, exhibits higher bioavailability and lower toxicity and has a more diverse composition and structure. Organic Se exists as selenoamino acids and selenoproteins, but recent research has provided evidence that it also exists as selenosugars, selenopolysaccharides, and possibly as selenoflavonoids. Different food categories contain various Se compounds, and their Se profiles vary significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to delineate Se speciation in foods to understand their impact on health. This comprehensive review documents our knowledge of the recent uncovering of the existence of selenosugars and selenopolysaccharides and the putative evidence for selenoflavonoids. The bioavailability and bioactivities of these food-derived organic Se compounds are highlighted, in addition to their composition, structural features, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Duan
- Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Pirone L, Lenza MP, Di Gaetano S, Capasso D, Filocaso M, Russo R, Di Carluccio C, Saviano M, Silipo A, Pedone E. Biophysical and Structural Characterization of the Interaction between Human Galectin-3 and the Lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2895. [PMID: 38474141 PMCID: PMC10932368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the significant involvement of galectins in the development of numerous diseases, the aim of the following work is to further study the interaction between galectin-3 (Gal3) and the LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This manuscript focused on the study of the interaction of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 with the LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of different complementary methodologies, such as circular dichroism; spectrofluorimetry; dynamic and static light scattering and evaluation of the impact of Gal3 on the redox potential membranes of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa cells, as well as ITC and NMR studies. This thorough investigation reinforces the hypothesis of an interaction between Gal3 and LPS, unraveling the structural details and providing valuable insights into the formation of these intricate molecular complexes. Taken together, these achievements could potentially prompt the design of therapeutic drugs useful for the development of agonists and/or antagonists for LPS receptors such as galectins as adjunctive therapy for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Lenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Filocaso
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Russo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Carluccio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Michele Saviano
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.L.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.G.); (M.F.); (R.R.)
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
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Hőgye F, Farkas LB, Balogh ÁK, Szilágyi L, Alnukari S, Bajza I, Borbás A, Fehér K, Illyés TZ, Timári I. Saturation Transfer Difference NMR and Molecular Docking Interaction Study of Aralkyl-Thiodigalactosides as Potential Inhibitors of the Human-Galectin-3 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1742. [PMID: 38339036 PMCID: PMC10855533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Galectin-3 (hGal-3) is a protein that selectively binds to β-galactosides and holds diverse roles in both normal and pathological circumstances. Therefore, targeting hGal-3 has become a vibrant area of research in the pharmaceutical chemistry. As a step towards the development of novel hGal-3 inhibitors, we synthesized and investigated derivatives of thiodigalactoside (TDG) modified with different aromatic substituents. Specifically, we describe a high-yielding synthetic route of thiodigalactoside (TDG); an optimized procedure for the synthesis of the novel 3,3'-di-O-(quinoline-2-yl)methyl)-TDG and three other known, symmetric 3,3'-di-O-TDG derivatives ((naphthalene-2yl)methyl, benzyl, (7-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-on-4-yl)methyl). In the present study, using competition Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, we determined the dissociation constant (Kd) of the former three TDG derivatives produced to characterize the strength of the interaction with the target protein (hGal-3). Based on the Kd values determined, the (naphthalen-2-yl)methyl, the (quinolin-2-yl)methyl and the benzyl derivatives bind to hGal-3 94, 30 and 24 times more strongly than TDG. Then, we studied the binding modes of the derivatives in silico by molecular docking calculations. Docking poses similar to the canonical binding modes of well-known hGal-3 inhibitors have been found. However, additional binding forces, cation-π interactions between the arginine residues in the binding pocket of the protein and the aromatic groups of the ligands, have been established as significant features. Our results offer a molecular-level understanding of the varying affinities observed among the synthesized thiodigalactoside derivatives, which can be a key aspect in the future development of more effective ligands of hGal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Hőgye
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.H.); (L.B.F.); (L.S.)
| | - László Bence Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.H.); (L.B.F.); (L.S.)
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
| | - Álex Kálmán Balogh
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
| | - László Szilágyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.H.); (L.B.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Samar Alnukari
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
| | - István Bajza
- GlycOptim Kft., Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Borbás
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Fehér
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
| | - Tünde Zita Illyés
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.H.); (L.B.F.); (L.S.)
| | - István Timári
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.H.); (L.B.F.); (L.S.)
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.B.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (K.F.)
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Romanò C, Bengtsson D, Infantino AS, Oscarson S. Synthesis of fluoro- and seleno-containing D-lactose and D-galactose analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2545-2555. [PMID: 36877217 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic deoxy-fluoro-carbohydrate derivatives and seleno-sugars are useful tools in protein-carbohydrate interaction studies using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the presence of the 19F and 77Se reporter nuclei. Seven saccharides containing both these atoms have been synthesized, three monosaccharides, methyl 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-1-seleno-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and methyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-seleno-α/β-D-galactopyranoside (2α and 2β), and four disaccharides, methyl 4-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), methyl 4-Se-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-4-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and methyl 4-Se-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α/β-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (5α and 5β), the three latter compounds with an interglycosidic selenium atom. Selenoglycosides 1 and 3 were obtained from the corresponding bromo sugar by treatment with dimethyl selenide and a reducing agent, while compounds 2α/2β, 4, and 5α/5β were synthesized by the coupling of a D-galactosyl selenolate, obtained in situ from the corresponding isoselenouronium salt, with either methyl iodide or a 4-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl D-galactosyl moiety. While benzyl ether protecting groups were found to be incompatible with the selenide linkage during deprotection, a change to acetyl esters afforded 4 in a 17% overall yield and over 9 steps from peracetylated D-galactosyl bromide. The synthesis of 5 was performed similarly, but the 2-fluoro substituent led to reduced stereoselectivity in the formation of the isoselenouronium salt (α/β ∼ 1 : 2.3). However, the β-anomer of the uronium salt could be obtained almost pure (∼98%) by precipitation from the reaction mixture. The following displacement reaction occurred without anomerisation, affording, after deacetylation, pure 5β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Dennis Bengtsson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Angela Simona Infantino
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Capasso D, Pirone L, Di Gaetano S, Russo R, Saviano M, Frisulli V, Antonacci A, Pedone E, Scognamiglio V. Galectins detection for the diagnosis of chronic diseases: An emerging biosensor approach. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Exploring the Molecular Interactions of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Selenoglycosides with Human Galectin-1 and Galectin-3. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158273. [PMID: 35955408 PMCID: PMC9368490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gals) are small cytosolic proteins that bind β-galactoside residues via their evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. Their dysregulation has been shown to be associated with many diseases. Consequently, targeting galectins for clinical applications has become increasingly relevant to develop tailored inhibitors selectively for one galectin. Accordingly, binding studies providing the molecular details of the interaction between galectin and inhibitor may be useful for the rational design of potent and selective antagonists. Gal-1 and Gal-3 are among the best-studied galectins, mainly for their roles in cancer progression; therefore, the molecular details of their interaction with inhibitors are demanded. This work gains more value by focusing on the interaction between Gal-1 and Gal-3 with the selenylated analogue of the Gal inhibitor thiodigalactose, characterized by a selenoglycoside bond (SeDG), and with unsymmetrical diglycosyl selenides (unsym(Se). Gal-1 and Gal-3 were produced heterologously and biophysically characterized. Interaction studies were performed by ITC, NMR spectroscopy, and MD simulation, and thermodynamic values were discussed and integrated with spectroscopic and computational results. The 3D complexes involving SeDG when interacting with Gal-1 and Gal-3 were depicted. Overall, the collected results will help identify hot spots for the design of new, better performing, and more specific Gal inhibitors.
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