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Zheng Q, Ji W, Sun R, Dai K. Prognostic value of blood GRHL2 in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Biomark Med 2024; 18:611-617. [PMID: 39073846 PMCID: PMC11370899 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2366161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to investigate the predictive value of the Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) expression from circulating blood for recurrence, metastasis and overall death on patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials & Methods: We collected blood samples from 122 patients who were admitted to our hospital for NSCLC.Results: Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis in adjusted Model II showed that compared with GRHL2-negative expression, positive expression in patients with NSCLC was associated with increased death risk (HR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.1-20.9, p = 0.03) and risk for composite end point (HR = 8.2, 95% CI: 4.0-27.1, p <0.01).Conclusion: This study supported that elevated circulating GRHL2 expression might be considered as a candidate prognostic biomarker for poor prognosis among these NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ji
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Dai
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, P.R. China
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2
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Taracha-Wisniewska A, Parks EGC, Miller M, Lipinska-Zubrycka L, Dworkin S, Wilanowski T. Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7913. [PMID: 39063155 PMCID: PMC11276664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of multiple human organs, including the skin. Genes from the Grainyhead-like (GRHL) family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia. Even though they are involved in many processes regulated by vitamin D, a direct link between vitamin D-mediated cellular pathways and GRHL genes has never been described. We employed various bioinformatic methods, quantitative real-time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assays, and calcitriol treatments to investigate this issue. We report that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds to a regulatory region of the Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) gene and regulates its expression. Ectopic expression of VDR and treatment with calcitriol alters the expression of the GRHL1 gene. The evidence presented here indicates a role of VDR in the regulation of expression of GRHL1 and correspondingly a role of GRHL1 in mediating the actions of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Taracha-Wisniewska
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (L.L.-Z.)
| | - Emma G. C. Parks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (E.G.C.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Michal Miller
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Lipinska-Zubrycka
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (L.L.-Z.)
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (E.G.C.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.-W.); (L.L.-Z.)
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3
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Elfeky M, Matsuoka S, Yamamoto I, Elewa YHA, Nakamura K, Suzuki H, Kamikawa A, Okamatu-Ogura Y, Kimura K. Expression Patterns of Grainyhead-Like 2 and Ovo-Like 2 in Mouse Mammary Gland Development During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Weaning. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:552-563. [PMID: 38833344 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) is a transcription factor that regulates cell adhesion genes in mammary ductal development and serves as a repressor of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, Ovo-like2 (Ovol2) is a target gene of Grhl2 but functions as a substitute in Grhl2-deficient mice, facilitating successful epithelial barrier formation and lumen expansion in kidney-collecting ductal epithelial cells. Our objective was to examine the expression patterns of Grhl2, Ovol2, and their associated genes during the intricate phases of mouse mammary gland development. The mRNA expression of Grhl2 and Ovol2 increased after pregnancy. We observed Grhl2 protein presence in the epithelial cell's region, coinciding with acini formation, and its signal significantly correlated with E-cadherin (Cdh1) expression. However, Ovol2 was present in the epithelial region without a correlation with Cdh1. Similarly, Zeb1, a mesenchymal transcription factor, showed Cdh1-independent expression. Subsequently, we explored the interaction between Rab25, a small G protein, and Grhl2/Ovol2. The expressions of Grhl2 and Ovol2 exhibited a strong correlation with Rab25 and claudin-4, a tight junction protein. These findings suggest that Grhl2 and Ovol2 may collaborate to regulate genes associated with cell adhesion and are crucial for maintaining epithelial integrity during the different phases of mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elfeky
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Al Azaritah, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Shinya Matsuoka
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El Tagneed St, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kamikawa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatu-Ogura
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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4
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Freund MM, Harrison MM, Torres-Zelada EF. Exploring the reciprocity between pioneer factors and development. Development 2024; 151:dev201921. [PMID: 38958075 PMCID: PMC11266817 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Development is regulated by coordinated changes in gene expression. Control of these changes in expression is largely governed by the binding of transcription factors to specific regulatory elements. However, the packaging of DNA into chromatin prevents the binding of many transcription factors. Pioneer factors overcome this barrier owing to unique properties that enable them to bind closed chromatin, promote accessibility and, in so doing, mediate binding of additional factors that activate gene expression. Because of these properties, pioneer factors act at the top of gene-regulatory networks and drive developmental transitions. Despite the ability to bind target motifs in closed chromatin, pioneer factors have cell type-specific chromatin occupancy and activity. Thus, developmental context clearly shapes pioneer-factor function. Here, we discuss this reciprocal interplay between pioneer factors and development: how pioneer factors control changes in cell fate and how cellular environment influences pioneer-factor binding and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Freund
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 52706, USA
| | - Melissa M. Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 52706, USA
| | - Eliana F. Torres-Zelada
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 52706, USA
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5
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MacFawn I, Farris J, Pifer P, Margaryan NV, Akhter H, Wang L, Dziadowicz S, Denvir J, Hu G, Frisch SM. Grainyhead-like-2, an epithelial master programmer, promotes interferon induction and suppresses breast cancer recurrence. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:156-169. [PMID: 38692097 PMCID: PMC11106721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Type-I and -III interferons play a central role in immune rejection of pathogens and tumors, thus promoting immunogenicity and suppressing tumor recurrence. Double strand RNA is an important ligand that stimulates tumor immunity via interferon responses. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to pluripotent epithelial cells activates the interferon response during development, raising the question of whether epithelial vs. mesenchymal gene signatures in cancer potentially regulate the interferon pathway as well. Here, using genomics and signaling approaches, we show that Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2), a master programmer of epithelial cell identity, promotes type-I and -III interferon responses to double-strand RNA. GRHL2 enhanced the activation of IRF3 and relA/NF-kB and the expression of IRF1; a functional GRHL2 binding site in the IFNL1 promoter was also identified. Moreover, time to recurrence in breast cancer correlated positively with GRHL2 protein expression, indicating that GRHL2 is a tumor recurrence suppressor, consistent with its enhancement of interferon responses. These observations demonstrate that epithelial cell identity supports interferon responses in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian MacFawn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 5051 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Joshua Farris
- Wake Forest University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Phillip Pifer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, WVU Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Drive, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Naira V Margaryan
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Halima Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Box 9142, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Box 9142, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Sebastian Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Box 9142, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Byrd Biotechnology Center, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Box 9142, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Steven M Frisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Box 9142, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.
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Lambourne L, Mattioli K, Santoso C, Sheynkman G, Inukai S, Kaundal B, Berenson A, Spirohn-Fitzgerald K, Bhattacharjee A, Rothman E, Shrestha S, Laval F, Yang Z, Bisht D, Sewell JA, Li G, Prasad A, Phanor S, Lane R, Campbell DM, Hunt T, Balcha D, Gebbia M, Twizere JC, Hao T, Frankish A, Riback JA, Salomonis N, Calderwood MA, Hill DE, Sahni N, Vidal M, Bulyk ML, Fuxman Bass JI. Widespread variation in molecular interactions and regulatory properties among transcription factor isoforms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584681. [PMID: 38617209 PMCID: PMC11014633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Most human Transcription factors (TFs) genes encode multiple protein isoforms differing in DNA binding domains, effector domains, or other protein regions. The global extent to which this results in functional differences between isoforms remains unknown. Here, we systematically compared 693 isoforms of 246 TF genes, assessing DNA binding, protein binding, transcriptional activation, subcellular localization, and condensate formation. Relative to reference isoforms, two-thirds of alternative TF isoforms exhibit differences in one or more molecular activities, which often could not be predicted from sequence. We observed two primary categories of alternative TF isoforms: "rewirers" and "negative regulators", both of which were associated with differentiation and cancer. Our results support a model wherein the relative expression levels of, and interactions involving, TF isoforms add an understudied layer of complexity to gene regulatory networks, demonstrating the importance of isoform-aware characterization of TF functions and providing a rich resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Lambourne
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Mattioli
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarissa Santoso
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Sheynkman
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sachi Inukai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Babita Kaundal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Berenson
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Spirohn-Fitzgerald
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anukana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elisabeth Rothman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Florent Laval
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared A Sewell
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anisa Prasad
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Phanor
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Lane
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Toby Hunt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawit Balcha
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinella Gebbia
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LTRI), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tong Hao
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Frankish
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Josh A Riback
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan I Fuxman Bass
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Guo S, Bai W, Cui F, Chen X, Fang X, Shen H, Gu X. Exploration of the Correlation Between GRHL1 Expression and Tumor Microenvironment in Endometrial Cancer and Immunotherapy. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:91-103. [PMID: 38586176 PMCID: PMC10999208 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s453061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction GRHL1 belongs to the family of Grainyhead-like (GRHL). Previous studies have shown that dysregulation of growth and survival pathways is associated with the GRHL family of gene cancers. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has changed the treatment paradigm for many tumors, including endometrial cancer (EC). However, the effect of GRHL1 on immunotherapy in EC and its relationship with immune cell infiltration are poorly understood. Methods Differential expression of GRHL1 between EC and normal EC tissues was analyzed by searching the TCGA database, and the results were verified utilizing immunohistochemistry analyses. Next, the relationship between GRHL1, CD8+ T cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) was also investigated, and the effect of GRHL1 expression on immunotherapy in EC was evaluated. Results According to the findings, EC tissues had elevated expression levels of GRHL1 relative to normal tissues. Patients with EC who expressed GRHL1 at high levels experienced worse overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) than those whose expression was lower. In addition, GRHL1 expression was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells, and patients with high GRHL1 expression were less effective in receiving immunotherapy. Conclusion The expression of GRHL1 was high in EC patients, and high expression of GRHL1 inhibits the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of EC and affect the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Guo
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Fang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Gu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Chen P, Long J, Hua T, Zheng Z, Xiao Y, Chen L, Yu K, Wu W, Zhang S. Transcriptome and open chromatin analysis reveals the process of myocardial cell development and key pathogenic target proteins in Long QT syndrome type 7. J Transl Med 2024; 22:307. [PMID: 38528561 PMCID: PMC10964537 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long QT syndrome type 7 (Andersen-Tawil syndrome, ATS), which is caused by KCNJ2 gene mutation, often leads to ventricular arrhythmia, periodic paralysis and skeletal malformations. The development, differentiation and electrophysiological maturation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) changes promote the pathophysiology of Long QT syndrome type 7(LQT7). We aimed to specifically reproduce the ATS disease phenotype and study the pathogenic mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS We established a cardiac cell model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to the phenotypes and electrophysiological function, and the establishment of a human myocardial cell model that specifically reproduces the symptoms of ATS provides a reliable platform for exploring the mechanism of this disease or potential drugs. The spontaneous pulsation rate of myocardial cells in the mutation group was significantly lower than that in the repair CRISPR group, the action potential duration was prolonged, and the Kir2.1 current of the inward rectifier potassium ion channel was decreased, which is consistent with the clinical symptoms of ATS patients. Only ZNF528, a chromatin-accessible TF related to pathogenicity, was continuously regulated beginning from the cardiac mesodermal precursor cell stage (day 4), and continued to be expressed at low levels, which was identified by WGCNA method and verified with ATAC-seq data in the mutation group. Subsequently, it indicated that seven pathways were downregulated (all p < 0.05) by used single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to evaluate the overall regulation of potassium-related pathways enriched in the transcriptome and proteome of late mature CMs. Among them, the three pathways (GO: 0008076, GO: 1990573 and GO: 0030007) containing the mutated gene KCNJ2 is involved that are related to the whole process by which a potassium ion enters the cell via the inward rectifier potassium channel to exert its effect were inhibited. The other four pathways are related to regulation of the potassium transmembrane pathway and sodium:potassium exchange ATPase (p < 0.05). ZNF528 small interfering (si)-RNA was applied to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for CRISPR group to explore changes in potassium ion currents and growth and development related target protein levels that affect disease phenotype. Three consistently downregulated proteins (KCNJ2, CTTN and ATP1B1) associated with pathogenicity were verificated through correlation and intersection analysis. CONCLUSION This study uncovers TFs and target proteins related to electrophysiology and developmental pathogenicity in ATS myocardial cells, obtaining novel targets for potential therapeutic candidate development that does not rely on gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianrui Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhifa Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianfeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Qu N, Daoud A, Kechele DO, Múnera JO. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Organoids Reveal a Role for WNT Signaling in Dorsal-Ventral Patterning of the Hindgut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583343. [PMID: 38496665 PMCID: PMC10942392 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The cloaca is a transient structure that forms in the terminal hindgut giving rise to the rectum dorsally and the urogenital sinus ventrally. Similarly, human hindgut cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cells generate human colonic organoids (HCOs) which also contain co-developing urothelial tissue. In this study, our goal was to identify pathways involved in cloacal patterning and apply this to human hindgut cultures. RNA-seq data comparing dorsal versus ventral cloaca in e10.5 mice revealed that WNT signaling was elevated in the ventral versus dorsal cloaca. Inhibition of WNT signaling in hindgut cultures biased their differentiation towards a colorectal fate. WNT activation biased differentiation towards a urothelial fate, giving rise to human urothelial organoids (HUOs). HUOs contained cell types present in human urothelial tissue. Based on our results, we propose a mechanism whereby WNT signaling patterns the ventral cloaca, prior to cloacal septation, to give rise to the urogenital sinus.
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10
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de Vries ME, Carpinelli MR, Fuller JN, Sutton Y, Partridge DD, Auden A, Anderson PJ, Jane SM, Dworkin S. Grainyhead-like 2 interacts with noggin to regulate tissue fusion in mouse. Development 2024; 151:dev202420. [PMID: 38300806 PMCID: PMC10946436 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Defective tissue fusion during mammalian embryogenesis results in congenital anomalies, such as exencephaly, spina bifida and cleft lip and/or palate. The highly conserved transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) is a crucial regulator of tissue fusion, with mouse models lacking GRHL2 function presenting with a fully penetrant open cranial neural tube, facial and abdominal clefting (abdominoschisis), and an open posterior neuropore. Here, we show that GRHL2 interacts with the soluble morphogen protein and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin (NOG) to impact tissue fusion during development. The maxillary prominence epithelium in embryos lacking Grhl2 shows substantial morphological abnormalities and significant upregulation of NOG expression, together with aberrantly distributed pSMAD5-positive cells within the neural crest cell-derived maxillary prominence mesenchyme, indicative of disrupted BMP signalling. Reducing this elevated NOG expression (by generating Grhl2-/-;Nog+/- embryos) results in delayed embryonic lethality, partial tissue fusion rescue, and restoration of tissue form within the craniofacial epithelia. These data suggest that aberrant epithelial maintenance, partially regulated by noggin-mediated regulation of BMP-SMAD pathways, may underpin tissue fusion defects in Grhl2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Marina R. Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jarrad N. Fuller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Yindi Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Darren D. Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen M. Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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11
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Fuller J, Dworkin S. In Situ Hybridization to Characterize Neurulation and Midbrain-Hindbrain Boundary Formation in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2746:73-85. [PMID: 38070081 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3585-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-mount in situ hybridization is cable to harness the inherent advantages of zebrafish as a model organism for developmental biology, particularly when visualizing the formation of the neural tube, specifically at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The size and transparency of developing zebrafish embryos allow for the visualization of neural markers in vivo along the length of the developing zebrafish central nervous system. In practice, this technique is useful for examining defects in neurulation and midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation that may arise following gene manipulation, for example, CRISPR mutagenesis. This method describes the process of embryo collection and preparation, RNA probe transcription, probe hybridization in vivo, as well as the process of probe detection and visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Proft S, Leiz J, Heinemann U, Seelow D, Schmidt-Ott KM, Rutkiewicz M. Discovery of a non-canonical GRHL1 binding site using deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:736. [PMID: 38049725 PMCID: PMC10696883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Most models for predicting TFBSs are based on position weight matrices (PWMs), which require a specific motif to be present in the DNA sequence and do not consider interdependencies of nucleotides. Novel approaches such as Transcription Factor Flexible Models or recurrent neural networks consequently provide higher accuracies. However, it is unclear whether such approaches can uncover novel non-canonical, hitherto unexpected TFBSs relevant to human transcriptional regulation. RESULTS In this study, we trained a convolutional recurrent neural network with HT-SELEX data for GRHL1 binding and applied it to a set of GRHL1 binding sites obtained from ChIP-Seq experiments from human cells. We identified 46 non-canonical GRHL1 binding sites, which were not found by a conventional PWM approach. Unexpectedly, some of the newly predicted binding sequences lacked the CNNG core motif, so far considered obligatory for GRHL1 binding. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we experimentally confirmed binding between the GRHL1-DNA binding domain and predicted GRHL1 binding sites, including a non-canonical GRHL1 binding site. Mutagenesis of individual nucleotides revealed a correlation between predicted binding strength and experimentally validated binding affinity across representative sequences. This correlation was neither observed with a PWM-based nor another deep learning approach. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that convolutional recurrent neural networks may uncover unanticipated binding sites and facilitate quantitative transcription factor binding predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proft
- Exploratory Diagnostic Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janna Leiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Exploratory Diagnostic Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Rutkiewicz
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Structural Biology of Eukaryotes, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
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13
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Lu Z, Fan L, Zhang F, Huang C, Cai Y, Chen C, Li G, Zhang M, Huang J, Ning C, Li Y, Wang W, Geng H, Liu Y, Chen S, Li H, Yang S, Zhang H, Tian W, Ye T, Liu J, Yang X, Xu B, Zhu Y, Zhong R, Li H, Tian J, Li B, Miao X. HSPA12A was identified as a key driver in colorectal cancer GWAS loci 10q26.12 and modulated by an enhancer-promoter interaction. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2015-2028. [PMID: 37245169 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 100 colorectal cancer (CRC) risk loci, an understanding of causal genes or risk variants and their biological functions in these loci remain unclear. Recently, genomic loci 10q26.12 with lead SNP rs1665650 was identified as an essential CRC risk loci of Asian populations. However, the functional mechanism of this region has not been fully clarified. Here, we applied an RNA interfering-based on-chip approach to screen for the genes essential for cell proliferation in the CRC risk loci 10q26.12. Notably, HSPA12A had the most significant effect among the identified genes and functioned as a crucial oncogene facilitating cell proliferation. Moreover, we conducted an integrative fine-mapping analysis to identify putative casual variants and further explored their association with CRC risk in a large-scale Chinese population consisting of 4054 cases and 4054 controls and also independently validated in 5208 cases and 20,832 controls from the UK biobank cohort. We identified a risk SNP rs7093835 in the intron of HSPA12A that was significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41, P = 1.92 × 10-3). Mechanistically, the risk variant could facilitate an enhancer-promoter interaction mediated by the transcriptional factor (TF) GRHL1 and ultimately upregulate HSPA12A expression, which provides functional evidence to support our population findings. Collectively, our study reveals the important role of HSPA12A in CRC development and illustrates a novel enhancer-promoter interaction module between HSPA12A and its regulatory elements rs7093835, providing new insights into the etiology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Linyun Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fuwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gaoyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caibo Ning
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yizhuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuoni Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanting Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianrun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Parisi L, Mockenhaupt C, Rihs S, Mansour F, Katsaros C, Degen M. Consistent downregulation of the cleft lip/palate-associated genes IRF6 and GRHL3 in carcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023072. [PMID: 36457487 PMCID: PMC9706198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) and Grainyhead Like Transcription Factor 3 (GRHL3) are transcription factors that orchestrate gene regulatory networks required for the balance between keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Absence of either protein results in the lack of a normal stratified epidermis with keratinocytes failing to stop proliferating and to terminally differentiate. Numerous pathological variants within IRF6 and GRHL3 have been identified in orofacial cleft-affected individuals and expression of the two transcription factors has been found to be often dysregulated in cancers. However, whether orofacial cleft-associated IRF6 and GRHL3 variants in patients might also affect their cancer risk later in life, is not clear yet. The fact that the role of IRF6 and GRHL3 in cancer remains controversial makes this question even more challenging. Some studies identified IRF6 and GRHL3 as oncogenes, while others could attribute tumor suppressive functions to them. Trying to solve this apparent conundrum, we herein aimed to characterize IRF6 and GRHL3 function in various types of carcinomas. We screened multiple cancer and normal cell lines for their expression, and subsequently proceeded with functional assays in cancer cell lines. Our data uncovered consistent downregulation of IRF6 and GRHL3 in all types of carcinomas analyzed. Reduced levels of IRF6 and GRHL3 were found to be associated with several tumorigenic properties, such as enhanced cell proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration and reduced differentiation capacity. Based on our findings, IRF6 and GRHL3 can be considered as tumor suppressor genes in various carcinomas, which makes them potential common etiological factors for cancer and CLP in a fraction of CLP-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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