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Li M, Shang Z, Ma Y, Zhao H, Ni Z, Wei Z, Zhang X. Tolerance Mechanisms and Removal Efficiency of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Treating 3-Fluorophenol Pollution. Metabolites 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 39195545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the growth tolerance mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 3-fluorophenol and its removal efficiency by algal cells. Our results indicate that C. pyrenoidosa can tolerate up to 100 mg/L of 3-fluorophenol, exhibiting a significant hormesis effect characterized by initial inhibition followed by promotion of growth. In C. pyrenoidosa cells, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were higher than or comparable to the control group. Metabolic analysis revealed that the 3-fluorophenol treatment activated pathways, such as glycerol phospholipid metabolism, autophagy, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, contributed to the stabilization of cell membrane structures and enhanced cell repair capacity. After 240 h of treatment, over 50% of 3-fluorophenol was removed by algal cells, primarily through adsorption. Thus, C. pyrenoidosa shows potential as an effective biosorbent for the bioremediation of 3-fluorophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhenfang Shang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yonglan Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhijing Ni
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Rusnak T, Azarcoya-Barrera J, Makarowski A, Jacobs RL, Richard C. Plant- and Animal-Derived Dietary Sources of Phosphatidylcholine Have Differential Effects on Immune Function in The Context of A High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats. J Nutr 2024; 154:1936-1944. [PMID: 38582387 PMCID: PMC11217025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylcholine (PC) derived from eggs has been shown to beneficially modulate T cell response and intestinal permeability under the context of a high-fat diet. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a differential effect of plant and animal-derived sources of PC on immune function. METHODS Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 4 diets (n = 10/group) for 12 wk, all containing 1.5 g of total choline/kg of diet but differing in choline forms: 1-Control Low-Fat [CLF, 20% fat, 100% free choline (FC)]; 2-Control High-Fat (CHF, 50% fat, 100% FC); 3-High-Fat Egg-derived PC (EPC, 50% fat, 100% Egg-PC); 4-High-Fat Soy-derived PC (SPC, 50% fat, 100% Soy-PC). Immune cell functions and phenotypes were measured in splenocytes by ex vivo cytokine production after mitogen stimulation and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The SPC diet increased splenocyte IL-2 production after PMA+I stimulation compared with the CHF diet. However, the SPC group had a lower proportion of splenocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor (CD25+, P < 0.05). After PMA+I stimulation, feeding EPC normalized splenocyte production of IL-10 relative to the CLF diet, whereas SPC did not (P < 0.05). In mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes, the SPC diet group produced more IL-2 and TNF-α after PMA+I stimulation than the CHF diet, whereas the EPC diet group did not. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both egg- and soy-derived PC may attenuate high-fat diet-induced T cell dysfunction. However, egg-PC enhances, to a greater extent, IL-10, a cytokine involved in promoting the resolution phase of inflammation, whereas soy-PC appears to elicit a greater effect on gut-associated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Rusnak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessy Azarcoya-Barrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Gu X, Cao Z, Li Z, Yu H, Liu W. Plant immunity suppression by an β-1,3-glucanase of the maize anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 38671375 PMCID: PMC11046878 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many phytopathogens secrete a large number of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to decompose host cell walls in order to penetrate the host, obtain nutrients and accelerate colonization. There is a wide variety of CWDEs produced by plant pathogens, including glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which determine the virulence, pathogenicity, and host specificity of phytopathogens. The specific molecular mechanisms by which pathogens suppress host immunity remain obscure. RESULT In this study, we found that CgEC124 encodes a glycosyl hydrolase with a signal peptide and a conserved Glyco_hydro_cc domain which belongs to glycoside hydrolase 128 family. The expression of CgEC124 was significantly induced in the early stage of Colletotrichum graminicola infection, especially at 12 hpi. Furthermore, CgEC124 positively regulated the pathogenicity, but it did not impact the vegetative growth of mycelia. Ecotopic transient expression of CgEC124 decreased the disease resistance and callose deposition in maize. Moreover, CgEC124 exhibited the β-1,3-glucanase activity and suppresses glucan-induced ROS burst in maize leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CgEC124 is required for full virulence of C. graminicola but not for vegetative growth. CgEC124 increases maize susceptibility by inhibiting host reactive oxygen species burst as well as callose deposition. Meanwhile, our data suggests that CgEC124 explores its β-1,3-glucanase activity to prevent induction of host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Mei J, Li Z, Zhou S, Chen XL, Wilson RA, Liu W. Effector secretion and stability in the maize anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola requires N-linked protein glycosylation and the ER chaperone pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1449-1466. [PMID: 37598305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation is a conserved and essential modification mediating protein processing and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but how this contributes to the infection cycle of phytopathogenic fungi is largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that inhibition of protein N-glycosylation severely affected vegetative growth, hyphal tip development, conidial germination, appressorium formation, and, ultimately, the ability of the maize (Zea mays) anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola to infect its host. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that N-glycosylation can coordinate protein O-glycosylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor modification, and endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) by directly targeting the proteins from the corresponding pathway in the ER. We performed a functional study of the N-glycosylation pathway-related protein CgALG3 and of the ERQC pathway-related protein CgCNX1, which demonstrated that N-glycosylation of ER chaperone proteins is essential for effector stability, secretion, and pathogenicity of C. graminicola. Our study provides concrete evidence for the regulation of effector protein stability and secretion by N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Richard A Wilson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Bouqellah NA, Farag PF. In Silico Evaluation, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Structural Modeling of the Class II Hydrophobin Family from Different Fungal Phytopathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2632. [PMID: 38004644 PMCID: PMC10672791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The class II hydrophobin group (HFBII) is an extracellular group of proteins that contain the HFBII domain and eight conserved cysteine residues. These proteins are exclusively secreted by fungi and have multiple functions with a probable role as effectors. In the present study, a total of 45 amino acid sequences of hydrophobin class II proteins from different phytopathogenic fungi were retrieved from the NCBI database. We used the integration of well-designed bioinformatic tools to characterize and predict their physicochemical parameters, novel motifs, 3D structures, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), evolution, and functions as effector proteins through molecular docking. The results revealed new features for these protein members. The ProtParam tool detected the hydrophobicity properties of all proteins except for one hydrophilic protein (KAI3335996.1). Out of 45 proteins, six of them were detected as GPI-anchored proteins by the PredGPI server. Different 3D structure templates with high pTM scores were designed by Multifold v1, AlphaFold2, and trRosetta. Most of the studied proteins were anticipated as apoplastic effectors and matched with the ghyd5 gene of Fusarium graminearum as virulence factors. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis unraveled the molecular function of this group as GTP-binding proteins, while a molecular docking analysis detected a chitin-binding effector role. From the MSA analysis, it was observed that the HFBII sequences shared conserved 2 Pro (P) and 2 Gly (G) amino acids besides the known eight conserved cysteine residues. The evolutionary analysis and phylogenetic tree provided evidence of episodic diversifying selection at the branch level using the aBSREL tool. A detailed in silico analysis of this family and the present findings will provide a better understanding of the HFBII characters and evolutionary relationships, which could be very useful in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A. Bouqellah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42317-8599, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter F. Farag
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Shi X, Xia X, Mei J, Gong Z, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Duan C, Liu W. Genome Sequence Resource of a Colletotrichum graminicola Field Strain from China. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:447-451. [PMID: 37097710 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0210-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The maize anthracnose stalk rot and leaf blight diseases caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola is emerging as an important threat to corn production worldwide. In this work, we provide an improved genome assembly of a C. graminicola strain (TZ-3) by using the PacBio Sequel II and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technologies. The genome of TZ-3 consists of 36 contigs with a length of 59.3 Mb. After correction and evaluation with the Illumina sequencing data and BUSCO, this genome showed a high assembly quality and integrity. Gene annotation of this genome predicted 11,911 protein-coding genes, among which 983 secreted protein-coding genes and 332 effector genes were predicted. Compared with previous genomes of C. graminicola strains, TZ-3 genome is superior in nearly all parameters. The genome assembly and annotation will enhance our knowledge of the genetic makeup of the pathogen and molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity and will provide valuable insights into genome variation across different regions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Yang ZY, Huang KX, Zhang YR, Yang L, Zhou JL, Yang Q, Gao F. Efficient microalgal lipid production driven by salt stress and phytohormones synergistically. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128270. [PMID: 36347483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method of coupling phytohormones with saline wastewater was proposed to drive efficient microalgal lipid production. All the six phytohormones effectively promoted microalgae growth in saline wastewater, and further increased the microalgal lipid content based on salt stress, so as to achieve a large increase in microalgal lipid productivity. Among the phytohormones used, abscisic acid had the most significant promoting effect. Under the synergistic effect of 20 g/L salt and 20 mg/L abscisic acid, the microalgal lipid productivity reached 3.7 times that of the control. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of microalgae in saline wastewater were mainly up-regulated under the effects of phytohormones except brassinolide. Common DEGs analysis showed that phytohormones all regulated the expression of genes related to DNA repair and substance synthesis. In conclusion, synergistic effect of salt stress and phytohormones can greatly improve the microalgal lipid production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhang
- Zhejiang Zhouhuan Environmental Engineering Design Co. LTD, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China.
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Qian Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Yang J, Zheng X, Zeng Q, Li J, Zhuge Q, Xiong Q. Systematic identification and functional characterization of the CFEM proteins in poplar fungus Marssonina brunnea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1045615. [PMID: 36439212 PMCID: PMC9684206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1045615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) domains uniquely exist in fungi and play significant roles in their whole life history. In this study, a total of 11 MbCFEM proteins were identified from Marssonina brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi (MULT), a hemibiotrophic pathogenic fungus on poplars that causes severe leaf diseases. Phylogenic analysis showed that the 11 proteins (MbCFEM1-11) were divided into three clades based on the trans-membrane domain and the CFEM domain. Sequence alignment and WebLogo analysis of CFEM domains verified the amino acids conservatism therein. All of them possess eight cysteines except MbCFEM4 and MbCFEM11, which lack two cysteines each. Six MbCFEM proteins with a signal peptide and without trans-membrane domain were considered as candidate effectors for further functional analysis. Three-dimensional (3D) models of their CFEM domains presented a helical-basket structure homologous to the crucial virulence factor Csa2 of Candida albicans. Afterward, four (MbCFEM1, 6, 8, and 9) out of six candidate effectors were successfully cloned and a yeast signal sequence trap (YSST) assay confirmed their secretion activity. Pathogen challenge assays demonstrated that the transient expression of four candidate MbCFEM effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana promoted Fusarium proliferatum infection, respectively. In an N. benthamiana heterogeneous expression system, MbCFEM1, MbCFEM6, and MbCFEM9 appeared to suppress both BAX/INF1-triggered PCD, whereas MbCFEM8 could only defeat BAX-triggered PCD. Additionally, subcellular localization analysis indicated that the four candidate MbCFEM effectors accumulate in the cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, and cytosolic bodies. These results demonstrate that MbCFEM1, MbCFEM6, MbCFEM8, and MbCFEM9 are effectors of M. brunnea and provide valuable targets for further dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the poplar-M. brunnea interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Xiong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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