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Cortesi M, Warton K, Ford CE. Beyond 2D cell cultures: how 3D models are changing the in vitro study of ovarian cancer and how to make the most of them. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17603. [PMID: 39221267 PMCID: PMC11366228 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
3D cell cultures are a fundamental tool in ovarian cancer research that can enable more effective study of the main features of this lethal disease, including the high rates of recurrence and chemoresistance. A clearer, more comprehensive understanding of the biological underpinnings of these phenomena could aid the development of more effective treatments thus improving patient outcomes. Selecting the most appropriate model to investigate the different aspects of cell biology that are relevant to cancer is challenging, especially since the assays available for the study of 3D cultures are not fully established yet. To maximise the usefulness of 3D cell cultures of ovarian cancer, we undertook an in-depth review of the currently available models, taking into consideration the strengths and limitations of each approach and of the assay techniques used to evaluate the results. This integrated analysis provides insight into which model-assay pair is best suited to study different parameters of ovarian cancer biology such as cell proliferation, gene expression or treatment response. We also describe how the combined use of multiple models is likely to be the most effective strategy for the in vitro characterisation of complex behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Cortesi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering “G. Marconi”, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristina Warton
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline E. Ford
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Ma J, Yao Z, Ma L, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Li L, Liu C. Glucose metabolism reprogramming in gynecologic malignant tumors. J Cancer 2024; 15:2627-2645. [PMID: 38577616 PMCID: PMC10988310 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors are progressively increasing due to factors such as obesity, viral infection, unhealthy habits, as well as social and economic pressures. Consequently, it has emerged as a significant threat to women's health. Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable metabolic activity of tumor cells in glycolysis and its ability to influence malignant biological behavior through specific mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial for patients and gynecologists to comprehend the role of glycolytic proteins, regulatory molecules, and signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. This article aims to review the correlation between abnormal glucose metabolism and gynecologic tumors including cervical cancer (CC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), and ovarian cancer (OC). The findings from this research will provide valuable scientific insights for early screening, timely diagnosis and treatment interventions while also aiding in the prevention of recurrence among individuals with gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangjian Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qinyin Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Child Health, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ling Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Ward AS, Hall CN, Tree MO, Kohtz DS. Spheroid architecture strongly enhances miR-221/222 expression and promotes oxidative phosphorylation in an ovarian cancer cell line through a mechanism that includes restriction of miR-9 expression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:275. [PMID: 38310615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell spheroids are organized multicellular structures that form during the expansive growth of carcinoma cells. Spheroids formation is thought to contribute to metastasis by supporting growth and survival of mobile tumor cell populations. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated how spheroid architecture affects OXPHOS activity, microRNA expression, and intraperitoneal survival of an ovarian carcinoma cell line using high resolution respirometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and a rodent intraperitoneal growth model. Rates of oxidative phosphorylation/respiration per cell of cells growing as spheroids were nearly double those of a variant of the same cell type growing in suspension as loosely aggregated cells. Further, inhibition of spheroid formation by treatment with CDH2 (N-cadherin) siRNA reduced the rate of OXPHOS to that of the non-spheroid forming variant. Cells growing as spheroids showed greatly enhanced expression of miR-221/222, an oncomiR that targets multiple tumor suppressor genes and promotes invasion, and reduced expression of miR-9, which targets mitochondrial tRNA-modification enzymes and inhibits OXPHOS. Consistent with greater efficiency of ATP generation, tumor cells growing as spheroids injected into the nutrient-poor murine peritoneum survived longer than cells growing in suspension as loosely associated aggregates. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that growth in spheroid form enhances the OXPHOS activity of constituent tumor cells. In addition, spheroid architecture affects expression of microRNA genes involved in growth control and mitochondrial function. During the mobile phase of metastasis, when ovarian tumor cells disperse through nutrient-poor environments such as the peritoneum, enhanced OXPHOS activity afforded by spheroid architecture would enhance survival and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery S Ward
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Cody N Hall
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA
| | - Maya O Tree
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - D Stave Kohtz
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
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4
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Narendra G, Raju B, Verma H, Kumar M, Jain SK, Tung GK, Thakur S, Kaur R, Kaur S, Sapra B, Silakari O. Scaffold hopping based designing of selective ALDH1A1 inhibitors to overcome cyclophosphamide resistance: synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:309-321. [PMID: 38283216 PMCID: PMC10809718 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is an isoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes to acids. However, the overexpression of ALDH1A1 in a variety of malignancies is the major cause of resistance to an anti-cancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP). CP is a prodrug that is initially converted into 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and its tautomer aldophosphamide, in the liver. These compounds permeate into the cell and are converted as active metabolites, i.e., phosphoramide mustard (PM), through spontaneous beta-elimination. On the other hand, the conversion of CP to PM is diverted at the level of aldophosphamide by converting it into inactive carboxyphosphamide using ALDH1A1, which ultimately leads to high drug inactivation and CP resistance. Hence, in combination with our earlier work on the target of resistance, i.e., ALDH1A1, we hereby report selective ALDH1A1 inhibitors. Herein, we selected a lead molecule from our previous virtual screening and implemented scaffold hopping analysis to identify a novel scaffold that can act as an ALDH1A1 inhibitor. This results in the identification of various novel scaffolds. Among these, on the basis of synthetic feasibility, the benzimidazole scaffold was selected for the design of novel ALDH1A1 inhibitors, followed by machine learning-assisted structure-based virtual screening. Finally, the five best compounds were selected and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were evaluated using in vitro enzymatic assay against ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1. The results disclosed that three molecules A1, A2, and A3 showed significant selective ALDH1A1 inhibitory potential with an IC50 value of 0.32 μM, 0.55 μM, and 1.63 μM, respectively, and none of the compounds exhibits potency towards the other two ALDH isoforms i.e. ALDH2 and ALDH3A1. Besides, the potent compounds (A1, A2, and A3) have been tested for in vitro cell line assay in combination with mafosfamide (analogue of CP) on two cell lines i.e. A549 and MIA-PaCa-2. All three compounds show significant potency to reverse mafosfamide resistance by inhibiting ALDH1A1 against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Narendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Rasdeep Kaur
- Department of Botany and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botany and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
| | - Om Silakari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala Punjab 147002 India +91 17522 83075 +91 95015 42696
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Tadić V, Zhang W, Brozovic A. The high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance in 3D models. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189052. [PMID: 38097143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most frequent and aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer, with high recurrence rate and chemoresistance being the main issues in its clinical management. HGSOC is specifically challenging due to the metastatic dissemination via spheroids in the ascitic fluid. The HGSOC spheroids represent the invasive and chemoresistant cellular fraction, which is impossible to investigate in conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures lacking critical cell-to-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) HGSOC cultures, where cells aggregate and exhibit relevant interactions, offer a promising in vitro model of peritoneal metastasis and multicellular drug resistance. This review summarizes recent studies of HGSOC in 3D culture conditions and highlights the role of multicellular HGSOC spheroids and ascitic environment in HGSOC metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Tadić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian CN-116024, China
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia.
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El-Aziz SMA, Faraag AHI, Ibrahim AM, Albrakati A, Bakkar MR. Tyrosinase enzyme purification and immobilization from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles: characterization and application in melanin production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:10. [PMID: 37947912 PMCID: PMC10638195 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a brown-black pigment with significant roles in various biological processes. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin and has promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. This research aims to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles, which exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm and a negative surface potential of - 55.7 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260. Comparing the immobilized magnetic tyrosinase enzyme with the free enzyme, the study's findings showed that the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme had optimal activity at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 35 °C, and its activity increased as the concentration of tyrosine increased. The study investigated the antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product and found that it exhibited potential antibacterial activity against a multi-drug resistant strain including S. aureus and E. coli. The produced melanin also demonstrated the potential to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | | | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Świerczewska M, Sterzyńska K, Ruciński M, Andrzejewska M, Nowicki M, Januchowski R. The response and resistance to drugs in ovarian cancer cell lines in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115152. [PMID: 37442067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common type of gynecologic cancer. One of the leading causes of high mortality is chemoresistance, developed primarily or during treatment. Different mechanisms of drug resistance appear at the cellular and cancer tissue organization levels. We examined the differences in response to the cytotoxic drugs CIS, MTX, DOX, VIN, PAC, and TOP using 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) culture methods. We tested the drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line W1 and established resistant cell lines to appropriate cytotoxic drugs. The following qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess: 1) morphology - inverted microscope and hematoxylin & eosin staining; 2) viability - MTT assay; 3) gene expression - a quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 4) identification of proteins - immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells cultured in 3D conditions exhibit stronger resistance than the cells cultured in 2D conditions. A traditional 2D model shows that drug resistance of cancer cells is caused mainly by changes in the expression of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, components of the extracellular matrix, "new" established genes related to drug resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines, and universal marker of cancer stem cells. Whereas in a 3D model, the drug resistance in spheroids can be related to other mechanisms such as the structure of the spheroid (dense or loose), the cell type (necrotic, quiescent, proliferating cells), drug concentrations or drug diffusion into the dense cellular/ECM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marcin Ruciński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
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8
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Iżycka N, Zaborowski MP, Ciecierski Ł, Jaz K, Szubert S, Miedziarek C, Rezler M, Piątek-Bajan K, Synakiewicz A, Jankowska A, Figlerowicz M, Sterzyńska K, Nowak-Markwitz E. Cancer Stem Cell Markers-Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12746. [PMID: 37628927 PMCID: PMC10454196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to an increased risk of recurrence in ovarian cancer (OC). Further research is needed to identify associations between CSC markers and OC patients' clinical outcomes with greater certainty. If they prove to be correct, in the future, the CSC markers can be used to help predict survival and indicate new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to determine the CSC markers at mRNA and protein levels and their association with clinical presentation, outcome, and risk of recurrence in HGSOC (High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer). TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database with 558 ovarian cancer tumor samples was used for the evaluation of 13 CSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, KIT, LGR5, NES, NOTCH3, POU5F1, PROM1, PTTG1, ROR1, SOX9, and THY1). Data on mRNA and protein levels assessed by microarray and mass spectrometry were retrieved from TCGA. Models to predict chemotherapy response and survival were built using multiple variables, including epidemiological data, expression levels, and machine learning methodology. ALDH1A1 and LGR5 mRNA expressions indicated a higher platinum sensitivity (p = 3.50 × 10-3; p = 0.01, respectively). POU5F1 mRNA expression marked platinum-resistant tumors (p = 9.43 × 10-3). CD44 and EPCAM mRNA expression correlated with longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.043; p = 0.039, respectively). THY1 mRNA and protein levels were associated with worse OS (p = 0.019; p = 0.015, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was positively affected by EPCAM (p = 0.004), LGR5 (p = 0.018), and CD44 (p = 0.012). In the multivariate model based on CSC marker expression, the high-risk group had 9.1 months longer median overall survival than the low-risk group (p < 0.001). ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, LGR5, POU5F1, and THY1 levels in OC may be used as prognostic factors for the primary outcome and help predict the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Iżycka
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Łukasz Ciecierski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Kamila Jaz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Marta Rezler
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Kinga Piątek-Bajan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Aneta Synakiewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
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9
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Izycka N, Rucinski M, Andrzejewska M, Szubert S, Nowak-Markwitz E, Sterzynska K. The Prognostic Value of Cancer Stem Cell Markers (CSCs) Expression-ALDH1A1, CD133, CD44-For Survival and Long-Term Follow-Up of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032400. [PMID: 36768723 PMCID: PMC9916537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent disease and treatment-associated chemoresistance are the two main factors accounting for poor clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Both can be associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to cancer formation, progression, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Hence, this study investigated whether the expression of known CSC-associated markers ALDH1A, CD44, and CD133 may predict OC patient prognosis. We analyzed their expression in primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients using immunohistochemistry and related them to clinicopathological data, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Expression of ALDH1A1 was detected in 32%, CD133 in 28%, and CD44 in 33% of cases. While Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no association of the expression of CD133 and CD44 with PFS and OS, ALDH1A1-positive patients were characterized with both significantly shorter OS (p = 0.00022) and PFS (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expression of ALDH1A1, FIGO stage III-IV, and residual disease after suboptimal debulking or neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlated with shorter OS. The results of this study identify ALDH1A1 as a potential independent prognostic factor of shorter OS and PFS in EOC patients. Therefore, targeting ALDH1A1-positive cancer cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy to influence the disease course and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Izycka
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Sterzynska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546455
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10
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Dashtaki ME, Ghasemi S. CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Therapies for Fighting Drug Resistance Mediated by Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:41-50. [PMID: 36056851 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666220831161225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer-initiating cells found in most tumors and hematological cancers. CSCs are involved in cells progression, recurrence of tumors, and drug resistance. Current therapies have been focused on treating the mass of tumor cells and cannot eradicate the CSCs. CSCs drug-specific targeting is considered as an approach to precisely target these cells. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene-editing systems are making progress and showing promise in the cancer research field. One of the attractive applications of CRISPR/Cas9 as one approach of gene therapy is targeting the critical genes involved in drug resistance and maintenance of CSCs. The synergistic effects of gene editing as a novel gene therapy approach and traditional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy, can resolve drug resistance challenges and regression of the cancers. This review article considers different aspects of CRISPR/Cas9 ability in the study and targeting of CSCs with the intention to investigate their application in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Eliyasi Dashtaki
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Wei Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu P, Huang S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wu Z, Hu M, Wu Q, Wu H, Liu F, She T, Ning Z. ALDH1: A potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in solid tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026278. [PMID: 36387165 PMCID: PMC9650078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors can be divided into benign solid tumors and solid malignant tumors in the academic community, among which malignant solid tumors are called cancers. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and the global incidence of cancer is increasing yearly New cancer patients in China are always the first. After the concept of stem cells was introduced in the tumor community, the CSC markers represented by ALDH1 have been widely studied due to their strong CSC cell characteristics and potential to be the driving force of tumor metastasis. In the research results in the past five years, it has been found that ALDH1 is highly expressed in various solid cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, head,and neck cancer. ALDH1 can activate and transform various pathways (such as the USP28/MYC signaling pathway, ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis, wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway), as well as change the intracellular pH value to promote formation and maintenance, resulting in drug resistance in tumors. By targeting and inhibiting ALDH1 in tumor stem cells, it can enhance the sensitivity of drugs and inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of solid tumor stem cells to some extent. This review discusses the relationship and pathway of ALDH1 with various solid tumors. It proposes that ALDH1 may serve as a diagnosis and therapeutic target for CSC, providing new insights and new strategies for reliable tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Wei
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yenan Chen
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hongnian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Tonghui She
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
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The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and Potential Role in the Regulation of Drug-Resistant Genes in Doxorubicin and Topotecan Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105846. [PMID: 35628654 PMCID: PMC9144982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. The main reasons for high mortality are late diagnosis and development of resistance to chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs can result from altered expression of drug-resistance genes regulated by miRNA. The main goal of our study was to detect differences in miRNA expression levels in two doxorubicin (DOX)- and two topotecan (TOP)-resistant variants of the A2780 drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line by miRNA microarray. The next aim was to recognize miRNAs as factors responsible for the regulation of drug-resistance genes. We observed altered expression of 28 miRNA that may be related to drug resistance. The upregulation of miR-125b-5p and miR-935 and downregulation of miR-218-5p was observed in both DOX-resistant cell lines. In both TOP-resistant cell lines, we noted the overexpression of miR-99a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125b-2-3p and decreased expression of miR-551b-3p, miR-551b-5p, and miR-383-5p. Analysis of the targets suggested that expression of important drug-resistant genes such as the collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type K (PTPRK), receptor tyrosine kinase—EPHA7, Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (ROBO2), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCK), and the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) can be regulated by miRNA.
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