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Liu S, Xie T, Huang Y. Insights into the Pathobiology of GM1 Gangliosidosis from Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Analysis of CNS Cells in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9712. [PMID: 39273659 PMCID: PMC11395632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of GM1 ganglioside, leading to severe neurodegeneration and early mortality. The disease primarily affects the central nervous system, causing progressive neurodegeneration, including widespread neuronal loss and gliosis. To gain a deeper understanding of the neuropathology associated with GM1 gangliosidosis, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze brain tissues from both GM1 gangliosidosis model mice and control mice. No significant changes in cell proportions were detected between the two groups of animals. Differential expression analysis revealed cell type-specific changes in gene expression in neuronal and glial cells. Functional analysis highlighted the neurodegenerative processes, oxidative phosphorylation, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions as the significantly affected pathways. The contribution of the impairment of neurotransmitter system disruption and neuronal circuitry disruption was more important than neuroinflammatory responses to GM1 pathology. In 16-week-old GM1 gangliosidosis mice, no microglial or astrocyte activation or increased expression of innate immunity genes was detected. This suggested that nerve degeneration did not induce the inflammatory response but rather promoted glial cell clearance. Our findings provide a crucial foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GM1 gangliosidosis, potentially guiding future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichi Liu
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yonglan Huang
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Frase S, Steddin J, Paschen E, Lenz M, Conforti P, Haas CA, Vlachos A, Schachtrup C, Hosp JA. Dense dopaminergic innervation of the peri-infarct cortex despite dopaminergic cell loss after a pure motor-cortical stroke in rats. J Neurochem 2023; 167:427-440. [PMID: 37735852 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, the cortex directly adjacent to the ischemic core (i.e., the peri-infarct cortex, PIC) undergoes plastic changes that facilitate motor recovery. Dopaminergic signaling is thought to support this process. However, ischemic stroke also leads to the remote degeneration of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, possibly interfering with this beneficial effect. In this study, we assessed the reorganization of dopaminergic innervation of the PIC in a rat model of focal cortical stroke. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats either received a photothrombotic stroke (PTS) in the primary motor cortex (M1) or a sham operation. 30 days after PTS or sham procedure, the retrograde tracer Micro Ruby (MR) was injected into the PIC of stroke animals or into homotopic cortical areas of matched sham rats. Thus, dopaminergic midbrain neurons projecting into the PIC were identified based on MR signal and immunoreactivity against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for dopaminergic neurons. The density of dopaminergic innervation within the PIC was assessed by quantification of dopaminergic boutons indicated by TH-immunoreactivity. Regarding postsynaptic processes, expression of dopamine receptors (D1- and D2) and a marker of the functional signal cascade (DARPP-32) were visualized histologically. Despite a 25% ipsilesional loss of dopaminergic midbrain neurons after PTS, the number and spatial distribution of dopaminergic neurons projecting to the PIC was not different compared to sham controls. Moreover, the density of dopaminergic innervation in the PIC was significantly higher than in homotopic cortical areas of the sham group. Within the PIC, D1-receptors were expressed in neurons, whereas D2-receptors were confined to astrocytes. The intensity of D1- and DARPP-32 expression appeared to be higher in the PIC compared to the contralesional homotopic cortex. Our data suggest a sprouting of dopaminergic fibers into the PIC and point to a role for dopaminergic signaling in reparative mechanisms post-stroke, potentially related to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Frase
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Steddin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Conforti
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas A Hosp
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sun N, Cui WQ, Min XM, Zhang GM, Liu JZ, Wu HY. A new perspective on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and post-stroke depression. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2961-2984. [PMID: 37518943 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression, a common complication after stroke, severely affects the recovery and quality of life of patients with stroke. Owing to its complex mechanisms, post-stroke depression treatment remains highly challenging. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is one of the key factors leading to post-stroke depression; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Numerous studies have found that neurotrophic factors, protein kinases and neurotransmitters influence depressive behaviour by modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This review further elaborates on the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in post-stroke depression by summarizing recent research and analysing possible molecular mechanisms. Evidence for the correlation between hippocampal mechanisms and post-stroke depression helps to better understand the pathological process of post-stroke depression and improve its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Min
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Beyond the Primary Infarction: Focus on Mechanisms Related to Secondary Neurodegeneration after Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416024. [PMID: 36555665 PMCID: PMC9782185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has indicated that secondary neurodegeneration after stroke occurs at remote regions of the brain that are connected to the primary infarction site [...].
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Substance P Reduces Infarct Size and Mortality After Ischemic Stroke, Possibly Through the M2 Polarization of Microglia/Macrophages and Neuroprotection in the Ischemic Rat Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01284-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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