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Jue D, Li Z, Zhang W, Tang J, Xie T, Sang X, Guo Q. Identification and functional analysis of the LEAFY gene in longan flower induction. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:308. [PMID: 38528464 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering at the right time is a very important factor affecting the stable annual yield of longan. However, a lack of knowledge of the regulatory mechanism and key genes of longan flowering restricts healthy development of the longan industry. Therefore, identifying relevant genes and analysing their regulatory mechanism are essential for scientific research and longan industry development. RESULTS DlLFY (Dimocarpus longan LEAFY) contains a 1167 bp open reading frame and encodes 388 amino acids. The amino acid sequence has a typical LFY/FLO family domain. DlLFY was expressed in all tissues tested, except for the leaf, pericarp, and pulp, with the highest expression occurring in flower buds. Expression of DlLFY was significantly upregulated at the early flower induction stage in "SX" ("Shixia"). The results of subcellular localization and transactivation analysis showed that DlLFY is a typical transcription factor acting as a transcriptional activator. Moreover, overexpression of DlLFY in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering and restrained growth, resulting in reduced plant height and rosette leaf number and area in transgenic plants. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis showed that 13 flower-related genes corresponding to five homologous genes of Arabidopsis may have binding sites and be putative target genes. Among these five flower-related genes, only AtTFL1 (terminal flower 1) was strongly inhibited in transgenic lines. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that DlLFY plays a pivotal role in controlling longan flowering, possibly by interacting with TFL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengwei Jue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Xuelian Sang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China.
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Liu X, Wang Q, Jiang G, Wan Q, Dong B, Lu M, Deng J, Zhong S, Wang Y, Khan IA, Xiao Z, Fang Q, Zhao H. Temperature-responsive module of OfAP1 and OfLFY regulates floral transition and floral organ identity in Osmanthus fragrans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108076. [PMID: 37832366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The MADS-box transcription factor APETELA1 (AP1) is crucially important for reproductive developmental processes. The function of AP1 and the classic LFY-AP1 interaction in woody plants are not widely known. Here, the OfAP1-a gene from the continuously flowering plant Osmanthus fragrans 'Sijigui' was characterized, and its roles in regulating flowering time, petal number robustness and floral organ identity were determined using overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. The expression of OfAP1-a was significantly induced by low ambient temperature and was upregulated with the floral transition process. Ectopic expression OfAP1-a revealed its classic function in flowering and flower ABC models. The expression of OfAP1-a is inhibited by LEAFY (OfLFY) through direct promoter binding, as confirmed by yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing OfAP1-a exhibited accelerated flowering and altered floral organ identities. Moreover, OfAP1-a-overexpressing plants displayed variable petal numbers. Likewise, the overexpression of OfLFY in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana altered petal number robustness and inflorescence architecture, partially by regulating native AP1 in transformed plants. Furthermore, we performed RNA-seq analysis of transgenic Nicotiana plants. DEGs were identified by transcriptome analysis, and we found that the expression of several floral homeotic genes was altered in both OfAP1-a and OfLFY-overexpressing transgenic lines. Our results suggest that OfAP1-a may play important roles during floral transition and development in response to ambient temperature. OfAP1-a functions as a petal number modulator and may directly activate a subset of flowers to regulate floral organ formation. OfAP1-a and OfLFY mutually regulate the expression of each other and coregulate genes that might be involved in these phenotypes related to flowering. The results provide valuable data for understanding the function of the LFY-AP1 module in the reproductive process and shaping floral structures in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Gege Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Shiwei Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad Khan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Huang X, Wang J, Xia L, Chen C, Wang M, Lu J, Lu T, Li K, Liang R, He X, Luo C. Functional studies of four MiFPF genes in mango revealed their function in promoting flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 285:153994. [PMID: 37105044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flowering promoting factor (FPF) genes play a substantial regulatory role in the process of flowering. In the present study, four MiFPF genes, namely, MiFPF1, MiFPF2, MiFPF3a, and MiFPF3b, were obtained from mango (Mangifera indica L.). Tissue expression analysis showed that MiFPFs were expressed in all mango tissues. Specifically, MiFPF1 and MiFPF2 were highly expressed in leaves, while MiFPF3a and MiFPF3b were highly expressed in flowers and buds. The four MiFPF proteins localize to the nucleus. Overexpression of MiFPFs in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering and upregulated the expression of APETAL1 (AP1), FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). MiFPF genes increased the root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under gibberellin treatment. BiFC assays showed that MiFPFs can interact with several DELLA proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the MiFPF gene was involved not only in promoting flowering but also in increasing root growth under gibberellin (GA3) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Liming Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Canni Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kaijiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhua He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Yang Q, Yuan C, Cong T, Zhang Q. The Secrets of Meristems Initiation: Axillary Meristem Initiation and Floral Meristem Initiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091879. [PMID: 37176937 PMCID: PMC10181267 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The branching phenotype is an extremely important agronomic trait of plants, especially for horticultural crops. It is not only an important yield character of fruit trees, but also an exquisite ornamental trait of landscape trees and flowers. The branching characteristics of plants are determined by the periodic initiation and later development of meristems, especially the axillary meristem (AM) in the vegetative stage and the floral meristem (FM) in the reproductive stage, which jointly determine the above-ground plant architecture. The regulation of meristem initiation has made great progress in model plants in recent years. Meristem initiation is comprehensively regulated by a complex regulatory network composed of plant hormones and transcription factors. However, as it is an important trait, studies on meristem initiation in horticultural plants are very limited, and the mechanism of meristem initiation regulation in horticultural plants is largely unknown. This review summarizes recent research advances in axillary meristem regulation and mainly reviews the regulatory networks and mechanisms of AM and FM initiation regulated by transcription factors and hormones. Finally, considering the existing problems in meristem initiation studies and the need for branching trait improvement in horticulture plants, we prospect future studies to accelerate the genetic improvement of the branching trait in horticulture plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cunquan Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianci Cong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Song M, Wang H, Fan Z, Huang H, Ma H. Advances in sequencing and key character analysis of mango ( Mangifera indica L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac259. [PMID: 37601702 PMCID: PMC10433700 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical countries associated with many agronomic and horticultural problems, such as susceptibility to pathogens, including powdery mildew and anthracnose, poor yield and quality, and short shelf life. Conventional breeding techniques exhibit significant limitations in improving mango quality due to the characteristics of long ripening, self-incompatibility, and high genetic heterozygosity. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on identification of key genes controlling a certain trait through genomic association analysis and directly breeding new varieties through transgene or genotype selection of offspring. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the genome and transcriptome sequencing of mango fruit. The rapid development of genome sequencing and bioinformatics provides effective strategies for identifying, labeling, cloning, and manipulating many genes related to economically important traits. Preliminary verification of the functions of mango genes has been conducted, including genes related to flowering regulation, fruit development, and polyphenol biosynthesis. Importantly, modern biotechnology can refine existing mango varieties to meet the market demand with high economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Sun L, Nie T, Chen Y, Yin Z. From Floral Induction to Blooming: The Molecular Mysteries of Flowering in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810959. [PMID: 36142871 PMCID: PMC9500781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a pivotal developmental process in response to the environment and determines the start of a new life cycle in plants. Woody plants usually possess a long juvenile nonflowering phase followed by an adult phase with repeated flowering cycles. The molecular mechanism underlying flowering regulation in woody plants is believed to be much more complex than that in annual herbs. In this review, we briefly describe the successive but distinct flowering processes in perennial trees, namely the vegetative phase change, the floral transition, floral organogenesis, and final blooming, and summarize in detail the most recent advances in understanding how woody plants regulate flowering through dynamic gene expression. Notably, the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) and its antagonistic gene TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) seem to play a central role in various flowering transition events. Flower development in different taxa requires interactions between floral homeotic genes together with AGL6 conferring floral organ identity. Finally, we illustrate the issues and corresponding measures of flowering regulation investigation. It is of great benefit to the future study of flowering in perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tangjie Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zengfang Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-85427316
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