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Zhao Y, Liang B, Sheng S, Wang C, Jin B, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Shen C, Zheng F. AIM2 inflammasome regulated by the IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 pathway promotes activation and pyroptosis of monocytes in Coronary Artery Disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1317. [PMID: 38869352 PMCID: PMC11170685 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) is upregulated in aortic plaques, especially in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and is related to inflammasome-induced inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and the role of AIM2 in atherosclerosis remained unclear. METHODS This study enrolled 133 CAD patients and 123 controls. We isolated Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (PBLs) and the mRNA expression of AIM2 inflammasome and its downstream genes (ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We assessed correlations between AIM2 expressions and clinical characteristics by multiple linear regression and spearman's correlation. The THP-1 cells cultured in poly(dA:dT), A151, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), AG490, or JC2-11. And then the mRNA and protein levels of AIM2, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD, and STAT1 were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The migration and adhesive capacity of THP-1 cells was assessed using an inverted microscope and an inverted fluorescence microscope, respectively. RESULTS In this study, we found that expressions of components of AIM2 inflammasome and its downstream genes (ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), were all increased in PBLs of CAD patients, which indicated the inflammasome activation. AIM2 inflammasome activation further induced pyroptosis, and stimulated migration and adhesion in monocyte cell lines, which was regulated by IFN-γ probably through JAK2/STAT1 pathway. In addition, AIM2 expressions were positively correlated with systemic inflammatory indicators as an independent risk factor for CAD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, increased AIM2 expression, induced by the IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 signal, orientates monocytes to inflammatory status or even pyroptosis through AIM2 inflammasome activation, which is involved in the development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuyang Sheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bingyu Jin
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yating Cheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Changxin Shen
- Department of Blood TransfusionZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis and Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Tsai PK, Chiang CY, Wang TC, Yeh KL, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Tseng CC, Deng LH, Tzen JTC, Lu YC, Kuan YH. Wogonin induces apoptosis in macrophages by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2927-2936. [PMID: 38303669 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in defending the body against invading pathogens. In the face of pathogens, macrophages become activated and release toxic materials that disrupt the pathogens. Macrophage overactivation can lead to severe illness and inflammation. Wogonin has several therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. No studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with wogonin, which, at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM, had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the RAW264.7 cells, leading to apoptosis and necrosis. Further, wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM induced caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor expression. These results suggest that wogonin induces apoptosis through upstream intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shiso Municipal Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lie-Hua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China
| | - Jason Tze Cheng Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Luo M, Zhao F, Cheng H, Su M, Wang Y. Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352946. [PMID: 38660308 PMCID: PMC11039887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and are engaged in a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. Macrophages can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, the two kinds of macrophages are activated alternatively, and maintaining a reasonably steady ratio is critical for maintaining homeostasis in vivo. M1 macrophages can induce inflammation, but M2 macrophages suppress it. The imbalance between the two kinds of macrophages will have a significant impact on the illness process. As a result, there are an increasing number of research being conducted on relieving or curing illnesses by altering the amount of macrophages. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in various inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases (RA, EAE, MS, AIH, IBD, CD), allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic asthma), atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes, metabolic homeostasis, and the compounds or drugs that have been discovered or applied to the treatment of these diseases by targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuanmin Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Sertdemir AL, Şahin AT, Duran M, Çelik M, Tatar S, Oktay İ, Alsancak Y. Association between syndecan-4 and subclinical atherosclerosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37019. [PMID: 38241528 PMCID: PMC10798725 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the risk of cardiovascular complications in AS patients is still higher than in the general population. Macrophages are at the intersection of the basic pathogenetic processes of AS and atherosclerosis. Although syndecan-4 (SDC4) mediates a variety of biological processes, the role of SDC4 in macrophage-mediated atherogenesis in AS patients remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of SDC4 in subclinical atherosclerosis in AS patients. METHODS Subjects were selected from eligible AS patients and control subjects without a prior history of AS who were referred to the rheumatology outpatient clinics. All participants' past medical records and clinical, and demographic characteristics were scanned. In addition, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement and disease activity index measurement were applied to all patients. RESULTS According to our data, serum SDC4 level was significantly higher among AS patients compared with the control group (6.7 [1.5-35.0] ng/mL vs 5.1 [0.1-12.5] ng/mL, P < .001). The calculated CIMT was also significantly higher in AS patients than in the control group (0.6 [0.3-0.9] mm vs 0.4 (0.2-0.7), P < .001]. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein level and SDC4 level were independent predictors of AS and strongly associated with CIMT. Linear regression analysis showed that serum SDC4 level was the best predictor of CIMT (P = .004). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that serum SDC4 levels provide comprehensive information about the clinical activity of the disease and subclinical atherosclerosis in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet L. Sertdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet T. Şahin
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Duran
- Department of Cardiology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çelik
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sefa Tatar
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İrem Oktay
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yakup Alsancak
- Department of Cardiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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5
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Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Taverna S, Malizia V, Buscetta M, Cipollina C, Lazzara V, Pinto P, Bassano M, La Grutta S, Pace E. Tyndallized Bacteria Preferentially Induce Human Macrophage M1 Polarization: An Effect Useful to Balance Allergic Immune Responses and to Control Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030571. [PMID: 36978438 PMCID: PMC10044585 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process through which macrophages acquire specific features whose extremes are represented by M1 and M2 polarization. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-8 belong to M1 macrophages while transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β belongs to M2 cytokines. M2 polarization prevalence is observed in allergic diseases. Tyndallization is a thermal process able to inactivate microorganisms and to allow their use for chronic respiratory disease treatment via immune response modulation. The present study explores the effects of a blend of tyndallized bacteria (TB) on macrophage polarization. THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of TB (106, 5 × 106, 107, 5 × 107, 108 CFU/mL) and then cell viability and TB phagocytosis, and IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TGF-β1 gene expression and release were assessed. TB were tolerated, phagocyted and able to increase IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression and release IL-12 gene expression, as well as decrease TGF-β1 gene expression and release. The effects on IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β1 release were confirmed in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) exposed to TB. In conclusion, TB promote M1 polarization, and this mechanism might have valuable potential in controlling allergic diseases and infections, possibly preventing disease exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.V.); (S.L.G.); Tel.: +39-091-680-9148 (S.D.V.)
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
| | - Velia Malizia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
| | | | - Chiara Cipollina
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
- Rimed Foundation, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Pinto
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bassano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi-Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.V.); (S.L.G.); Tel.: +39-091-680-9148 (S.D.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy (E.P.)
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Zhao Q, Bae EH, Zhang Y, Shahsavari A, Lotey P, Lee RH, Liu F. Inhibitory Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from iPS-Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Onset of Sialadenitis in Sjögren's Syndrome Are Mediated by Immunomodulatory Splenocytes and Improved by Inhibiting miR-125b. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5258. [PMID: 36982329 PMCID: PMC10049013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from allogeneic-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising to improve Sjögren's syndrome (SS) treatment, but their application is hindered by high variations in and limited expandability of tissue MSCs. We derived standardized and scalable MSCs from iPS cells (iMSCs) and reported that EVs from young but not aging iMSCs (iEVs) inhibited sialadenitis onset in SS mouse models. Here, we aim to determine cellular mechanisms and optimization approaches of SS-inhibitory effects of iEVs. In NOD.B10.H2b mice at the pre-disease stage of SS, we examined the biodistribution and recipient cells of iEVs with imaging, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. Intravenously infused iEVs accumulated in the spleen but not salivary glands or cervical lymph nodes and were mainly taken up by macrophages. In the spleen, young but not aging iEVs increased M2 macrophages, decreased Th17 cells, and changed expression of related immunomodulatory molecules. Loading miR-125b inhibitors into aging iEVs significantly improved their effects on repressing sialadenitis onset and regulating immunomodulatory splenocytes. These data indicated that young but not aging iEVs suppress SS onset by regulating immunomodulatory splenocytes, and inhibiting miR-125b in aging iEVs restores such effects, which is promising to maximize production of effective iEVs from highly expanded iMSCs for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Yousaf H, Khan MIU, Ali I, Munir MU, Lee KY. Emerging role of macrophages in non-infectious diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114426. [PMID: 36822022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, a huge body of evidence through various research studies conducted on animal models, has demonstrated that the macrophages are centralized of all the leukocytes involved in diseases and, particularly, their role in non-infectious diseases has been studied extensively for which they have also been referred to as the "double-edged swords". The most versatile of all immunocytes, macrophages play a key role in health and diseases. Various experimental models have demonstrated the conventional paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy, which is not as obvious and presents a complex characterization of the macrophages in the disease immunology. In human diseases, this M1-M2 continuum shows a complex web of mechanisms, which are majorly divided into the pro-inflammatory roles (derived mainly by the cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor) and anti-inflammatory roles (CCl-17, CCl-22, CCL-2, transforming growth factor (TGF), and interleukin-10), which are involved in the wound healing and pathogen-suppression. The conventional division of these macrophages as M1 and M2 is derived from the opposing functions of these macrophages; where M1 is involved in the tissue damage and pro-inflammatory roles and M2 promotes cell proliferation and the resolution of inflammation. Both these pathways down-regulate each other in diseases through a plethora of enzymatic and cytokine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
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Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Varaeva YR, Starodubova AV. The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314982. [PMID: 36499312 PMCID: PMC9740598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are currently widely studied cellular signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue and involved in various processes, including inflammation; energy and appetite modulation; lipid and glucose metabolism; insulin sensitivity; endothelial cell functioning; angiogenesis; the regulation of blood pressure; and hemostasis. The current review attempted to highlight the key functions of adipokines in the inflammatory mechanisms of obesity, its complications, and its associated diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity was conducted online using the PubMed and Scopus databases until October 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Yurgita R. Varaeva
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Stergioti EM, Manolakou T, Boumpas DT, Banos A. Antiviral Innate Immune Responses in Autoimmunity: Receptors, Pathways, and Therapeutic Targeting. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2820. [PMID: 36359340 PMCID: PMC9687478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune receptors sense nucleic acids derived from viral pathogens or self-constituents and initiate an immune response, which involves, among other things, the secretion of cytokines including interferon (IFN) and the activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This robust and well-coordinated immune response is mediated by the innate immune cells and is critical to preserving and restoring homeostasis. Like an antiviral response, during an autoimmune disease, aberrations of immune tolerance promote inflammatory responses to self-components, such as nucleic acids and immune complexes (ICs), leading to the secretion of cytokines, inflammation, and tissue damage. The aberrant immune response within the inflammatory milieu of the autoimmune diseases may lead to defective viral responses, predispose to autoimmunity, or precipitate a flare of an existing autoimmune disease. Herein, we review the literature on the crosstalk between innate antiviral immune responses and autoimmune responses and discuss the pitfalls and challenges regarding the therapeutic targeting of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Maria Stergioti
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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10
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Wang Y, Su W, Li Y, Yuan J, Yao M, Su X, Wang Y. Analyzing the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by atherosclerosis using transcriptome data. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935545. [PMID: 35935949 PMCID: PMC9354579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence supports the predisposition of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to atherosclerosis (AS). However, the common pathogenesis of these two diseases remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of SLE complicated by AS. Methods Gene expression profiles of SLE (GSE50772) and AS (GSE100927) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SLE and AS and performed enrichment analyses separately. After analyzing the common DEGs (CDEGs), we performed functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and hub genes (HGs) identification of CDEGs. Then, we performed a co-expression analysis of HGs and verified their expression and diagnostic value. We further explored immune cell infiltration and analyzed the correlation between HGs and infiltrating immune cells (IICs). Finally, we verified the reliability of the screening pathway. Results We obtained 530 DEGs from the GSE50772 dataset and 448 DEGs from the GSE100927 dataset. The results of the enrichment analysis showed that there were many similar immune- and inflammation-related processes between the two diseases. We analyzed 26 CDEGs (two downregulated genes and 24 upregulated genes) and enrichment analysis highlighted the important role of the IL-17 signaling pathway. We identified five HGs (CCR1, CD163, IL1RN, MMP9, and SIGLEC1) using the CytoHubba plugin and HGs validation showed that the five HGs screened were reliable. Co-expression networks showed that five HGs can affect mononuclear cell migration. Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated monocytes in SLE and M0 macrophages in AS accounted for a high proportion of all IICs, and the difference in infiltration was obvious. We also found a significant positive correlation between CCR1, CD163, IL1RN, and MMP9 and monocytes in SLE, and a significant positive correlation between CCR1, IL1RN, MMP9, and SIGLEC1 and M0 macrophages in AS. Pathway validation also demonstrated that the IL-17 signaling pathway was a key pathway for the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Conclusions The five HGs may promote the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages by influencing the IL-17 signaling pathway, leading to SLE complicated by AS. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of SLE complicated by AS.
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