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Abu Risha M, Rick EM, Plum M, Jappe U. Legume Allergens Pea, Chickpea, Lentil, Lupine and Beyond. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:527-548. [PMID: 38990406 PMCID: PMC11364600 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In the last decade, an increasing trend towards a supposedly healthier vegan diet could be observed. However, recently, more cases of allergic reactions to plants and plant-based products such as meat-substitution products, which are often prepared with legumes, were reported. Here, we provide the current knowledge on legume allergen sources and the respective single allergens. We answer the question of which legumes beside the well-known food allergen sources peanut and soybean should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic measures. RECENT FINDINGS These "non-priority" legumes, including beans, pea, lentils, chickpea, lupine, cowpea, pigeon pea, and fenugreek, are potentially new important allergen sources, causing mild-to-severe allergic reactions. Severe reactions have been described particularly for peas and lupine. An interesting aspect is the connection between anaphylactic reactions and exercise (food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis), which has only recently been highlighted for legumes such as soybean, lentils and chickpea. Most allergic reactions derive from IgE cross-reactions to homologous proteins, for example between peanut and lupine, which is of particular importance for peanut-allergic individuals ignorant to these cross-reactions. From our findings we conclude that there is a need for large-scale studies that are geographically distinctive because most studies are case reports, and geographic differences of allergic diseases towards these legumes have already been discovered for well-known "Big 9" allergen sources such as peanut and soybean. Furthermore, the review illustrates the need for a better molecular diagnostic for these emerging non-priority allergen sources to evaluate IgE cross-reactivities to known allergens and identify true allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marua Abu Risha
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Rick
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Melanie Plum
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Olivieri B, Skypala IJ. The Diagnosis of Allergy to Lipid Transfer Proteins. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:509-518. [PMID: 38990405 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the diagnosis of non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLTP) allergy. RECENT FINDINGS More publications report the presence of nsLTP allergy in Northern European countries and nsLTP sensitisation in children. Individuals are more likely to have severe reactions if there is recognition of increasing numbers of LTP components. Diagnosis is problematic; not all those with nsLTP allergy will have a positive test to a peach extract containing Pru p 3, the peach nsLTP. Sensitisation to nsLTP is being reported in more countries, including to the nsLTP in Cannabis Sativa in North America. Meals containing multiple nsLTP foods are more likely to be involved in co-factor reactions. Component-resolved diagnostics are superior to skin prick tests, to determine sensitisation to the individual nsLTP allergens causing symptoms and, in the future, the Basophil Activation test may best discriminate between sensitization and clinical allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isabel J Skypala
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, part of Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
- Department of Inflammation and repair, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Bourgoin P, Dupont T, Agabriel C, Carsin A, Verles A, Cabanski M, Vitaliti A, Busnel JM. Possible alternative strategies to implement basophil activation testing in multicentric studies. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024. [PMID: 38572669 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The Basophil Activation Test (BAT) enables flow cytometry characterization of basophil reactivity against specific allergenic molecules. The focus now revolves around democratizing this tool, but, as blood sample stability could be challenging, after having developed a simplified approach, herein, we aimed to characterize two strategies for implementing BAT in multicentric studies: store and ship blood before or after sample processing. Fresh heparin- and EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples followed both BAT workflows: "collect, store, process & analyze" or "collect, process, store & analyze". Storage temperatures of 18-25 °C or 2-8 °C and preservation times from 0 to 7 days were considered. Interleukin-3 was also evaluated. With the "collect, store, process & analyze" workflow, heparin-anticoagulated blood and 18-25 °C storage were better than other conditions. While remaining possible, basophil activation exhibited a possible reactivity decay after 24 h. Under the conditions tested, interleukin-3 had no role in enhancing basophil reactivity after storage. Conversely, the "collect, process, store & analyze" workflow demonstrated that either heparin- or EDTA-anticoagulated blood can be processed and kept up to 7 days at 18-25 °C or 2-8 °C before being analyzed. Various strategies can be implemented to integrate BAT in multicentric studies. The "collect, store, process & analyze" workflow remains a simplified logistical approach, but depending on time required to ship from the clinical centers to the reference laboratories, it might not be applicable, or should be used with caution. The "collect, process, store & analyze" workflow may constitute a workflow improvement to provide significant flexibility without impact on basophil reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Bourgoin
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Dupont
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Agabriel
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Ania Carsin
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Verles
- BioMarker Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Cabanski
- BioMarker Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Biomarkers and CDx, Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Vitaliti
- BioMarker Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
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Koumaki D, Gregoriou S, Evangelou G, Katoulis A, Papadakis M, Krueger-Krasagakis SE, Doxastaki A, Mylonakis D, Krasagakis K. Real-Life Utility of Basophil Activation Test in the Diagnosis of Immediate Hypersensitivity Drug Reactions. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:3229-3239. [PMID: 38015412 PMCID: PMC10689598 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basophil activation test (BAT) is a flow cytometry laboratory technique that assesses the level of activation indicators expressed on the surface of basophils. We conducted a real-life study in a prospective cohort of patients with reported drug hypersensitivity reactions to determine the true relevance of BAT as a diagnostic tool for assessing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to medicines. METHODS We prospectively assessed individuals with clinical suspicion of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to drugs over a 2-year period. The allergological evaluation was carried out in accordance with European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidance. All patients underwent BAT using the activation marker CD63. RESULTS In total 13 patients with 54 reported immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions to medications were included in this study. Twelve were female (92.3%) and one was male (7.70%). The mean ± SD age of the patients was 47.31 ± 19.94 years. Antibiotics were tested in 35.2% (19/54) of patients, corticosteroids in 24.1% (13/54), iodinated contrast medium in 14.8% (8/54), and NSAIDs in 5.6% (3/54). There was no correlation between the BAT results and the age of patients, gender, type of medication, or time interval between the allergic reaction and BAT procedure. The sensitivity of BAT 5% CD63+ basophils to drugs was 97.6%, specificity was 96% for drug allergies, positive predictive value (PPV) was 94.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of BAT for drug allergies is limited, but it can nevertheless be very helpful before contemplating provocation testing in cases of life-threatening drug allergies where patients cannot be rechallenged or in cases of medications for which no other tests are available or their results are ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, I. Dragoumi 5, 161 21, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Evangelou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander Katoulis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" General University Hospital, Rimini 1, Haidari, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, Witten/Herdecke University, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Aikaterini Doxastaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mylonakis
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Trifonova D, Curin M, Riabova K, Karsonova A, Keller W, Grönlund H, Käck U, Konradsen JR, van Hage M, Karaulov A, Valenta R. Allergenic Activity of Individual Cat Allergen Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16729. [PMID: 38069052 PMCID: PMC10706119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of the world's population suffers from an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy to cats which is accompanied mainly by respiratory symptoms such as rhinitis and asthma. Several cat allergen molecules have been identified, but their allergenic activity has not been investigated in depth. Purified cat allergen molecules (Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 3, Fel d 4, Fel d 6, Fel d 7 and Fel d 8) were characterized via mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy regarding their molecular mass and fold, respectively. Cat-allergen-specific IgE levels were quantified via ImmunoCAP measurements in IgE-sensitized subjects with (n = 37) and without (n = 20) respiratory symptoms related to cat exposure. The allergenic activity of the cat allergens was investigated by loading patients' IgE onto rat basophils expressing the human FcεRI receptor and studying the ability of different allergen concentrations to induce β-hexosaminidase release. Purified and folded cat allergens with correct masses were obtained. Cat-allergen-specific IgE levels were much higher in patients with a respiratory allergy than in patients without a respiratory allergy. Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4 and Fel d 7 bound the highest levels of specific IgE and already-induced basophil degranulation at hundred-fold-lower concentrations than the other allergens. Fel d 1, Fel d 4 and Fel d 7 were recognized by more than 65% of patients with a respiratory allergy, whereas Fel d 2 was recognized by only 30%. Therefore, in addition to the major cat allergen Fel d 1, Fel d 4 and Fel d 7 should also be considered to be important allergens for the diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of cat allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Trifonova
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.K.)
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.T.)
| | - Ksenja Riabova
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.K.)
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.K.)
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ulrika Käck
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jon R. Konradsen
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.K.)
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.K.)
- Karl Landsteiner University for Healthcare Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
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Bourgoin P, Busnel JM. Promises and Remaining Challenges for Further Integration of Basophil Activation Test in Allergy-Related Research and Clinical Practice. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3000-3007. [PMID: 37634807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years after having been initially proposed, the relevance and usefulness of basophil activation test (BAT) for the field of allergy research and testing were demonstrated on many occasions. Leveraging the fully open format of a flexible, whole blood-based functional assay, BAT has been shown to be equally important for fundamental research, clinical research, and diagnosis. Regardless of whether the focus of a study is on the characterization of the allergenic moiety, on the patient side, or on the study of the fundamental processes involved in the allergic disease or its treatment, BAT enables the gathering of very important insights. In spite of this, its full capabilities have yet to be leveraged. Various bottlenecks, including but not limited to assay logistics, robustness, flow cytometry access, and/or expertise, have indeed been limiting its development beyond experts and long-term users. Now, various initiatives, aiming at resolving these bottlenecks, have been launched. If successful, a broader use of BAT could then be contemplated. In such a situation, its more thorough integration in clinical practice has the potential to significantly change the allergic patient's journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Bourgoin
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France.
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Céspedes JA, Lebrón-Martín C, García-Otón R, Delgado MJ, Martín-Astorga MDC, Pérez-Sánchez N, Gómez F, Torres MJ, Cañas JA, Aranda CJ, Mayorga C. In vitro supporting diagnostic tools in plant-food allergy. Allergy 2023; 78:2540-2543. [PMID: 37026176 DOI: 10.1111/all.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Céspedes
- Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Clara Lebrón-Martín
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Reyes García-Otón
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Martín-Astorga
- Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Gómez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos José Aranda
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Brasal-Prieto M, Fernández-Prades L, Dakhaoui H, Sobrino F, López-Enríquez S, Palomares F. Update on In Vitro Diagnostic Tools and Treatments for Food Allergies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3744. [PMID: 37686776 PMCID: PMC10489659 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is an adverse immunological reaction to a specific food that can trigger a wide range of symptoms from mild to life-threatening. This adverse reaction is caused by different immunological mechanisms, such as IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated and mixed IgE-mediated reactions. Its epidemiology has had a significant increase in the last decade, more so in developed countries. It is estimated that approximately 2 to 10% of the world's population has FA and this number appears to be increasing and also affecting more children. The diagnosis can be complex and requires the combination of different tests to establish an accurate diagnosis. However, the treatment of FA is based on avoiding the intake of the specific allergenic food, thus being very difficult at times and also controlling the symptoms in case of accidental exposure. Currently, there are other immunomodulatory treatments such as specific allergen immunotherapy or more innovative treatments that can induce a tolerance response. It is important to mention that research in this field is ongoing and clinical trials are underway to assess the safety and efficacy of these different immunotherapy approaches, new treatment pathways are being used to target and promote the tolerance response. In this review, we describe the new in vitro diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments to show the latest advances in FA management. We conclude that although significant advances have been made to improve therapies and diagnostic tools for FA, there is an urgent need to standardize both so that, in their totality, they help to improve the management of FA.
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Indolfi C, Dinardo G, Klain A, Contieri M, Umano GR, Decimo F, Abbadessa S, Vitulano C, Ciprandi G, Miraglia del Giudice M. Sensitization to nsLTP: A Retrospective Study in An Italian Pediatric Population over the Last Decade. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4053799. [PMID: 37228443 PMCID: PMC10205406 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4053799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food allergy is common in the Mediterranean, especially concerning lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) allergy. LTPs are widespread plant food allergens in fruits, vegetables, nuts, pollen, and latex. Also, LTPs are prevalent food allergens in the Mediterranean area. They can sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract and cause a wide range of conditions: from mild reactions, such as oral allergy syndrome, to severe reactions, such as anaphylaxis. LTP allergy in the adult population is well described in the literature, concerning both the prevalence and clinical characteristics. However, there is poor knowledge about its prevalence and clinical manifestation in children living in the Mediterranean. Materials and Methods This study, including 800 children aged from 1 to 18 years, investigated the prevalence of 8 different molecules of nonspecific LTP over time in an Italian pediatric population visited over the last 11 years. Results About 52% of the test population was sensitized to at least one LTP molecule. For all the LTPs analyzed, sensitization increased over time. In particular, using the years 2010 through 2020 as a comparison, the major increases were observed for the LTPs of the English walnut Jug r 3, the peanut Ara h 9, and the plane tree Pla a 3 (about 50%); the increase of the LTP of the Hazelnut Cor a 8 was about 36%, and that of the LTP of the artemisia Art v 3 was approximately 30%. Conclusions The latest evidence in the literature indicates an increase in food allergy prevalence in the general population, including children. Therefore, the present survey represents an interesting perspective about the pediatric population of the Mediterranean area, exploring the trend of LTP allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Klain
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Decimo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Abbadessa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Vitulano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Fernandez-Santamaria R, Riggioni C, Peters RL. Editorial comment on "The basophil activation test has high reproducibility and is feasible in the clinical setting". Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13879. [PMID: 36433846 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Fernandez-Santamaria
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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