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Ahn JH, Lee TK, Kim DW, Shin MC, Cho JH, Lee JC, Tae HJ, Park JH, Hong S, Lee CH, Won MH, Kim YH. Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Attenuates Hindlimb Paralysis and Damage of Spinal Motor Neurons and Astrocytes through Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030414. [PMID: 36766758 PMCID: PMC9913309 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a global ischemia and reperfusion event, lead to neuronal damage and/or death in the spinal cord as well as the brain. Hypothermic therapy is reported to protect neurons from damage and improve hindlimb paralysis after resuscitation in a rat model of CA induced by asphyxia. In this study, we investigated roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lumbar spinal cord protected by therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model of asphyxial CA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to seven minutes of asphyxial CA (induced by injection of 2 mg/kg vecuronium bromide) and hypothermia (four hours of cooling, 33 ± 0.5 °C). Survival rate, hindlimb motor function, histopathology, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were examined at 12, 24, and 48 h after CA/ROSC. The rats of the CA/ROSC and hypothermia-treated groups had an increased survival rate and showed an attenuated hindlimb paralysis and a mild damage/death of motor neurons located in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord compared with those of the CA/ROSC and normothermia-treated groups. In the CA/ROSC and hypothermia-treated groups, expressions of cytoplasmic and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly higher in the anterior horn compared with those of the CA/ROSC and normothermia-treated groups, showing that cytoplasmic and nuclear Nrf2 was expressed in both motor neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, in the CA/ROSC and hypothermia-treated group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine) expressed in the motor neurons was significantly reduced, and astrocyte damage was apparently attenuated compared with those found in the CA/ROSC and normothermia group. Taken together, our results indicate that hypothermic therapy after CA/ROSC attenuates CA-induced hindlimb paralysis by protecting motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and attenuating pro-inflammation and astrocyte damage (reactive astrogliosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (Y.H.K.); Tel.: +82-33-258-2306 (Y.H.K.); Fax: +82-33-258-2169 (Y.H.K.)
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (Y.H.K.); Tel.: +82-33-258-2306 (Y.H.K.); Fax: +82-33-258-2169 (Y.H.K.)
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Pluta R, Januszewski S, Jabłoński M. Acetylated Tau Protein: A New Piece in the Puzzle between Brain Ischemia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169174. [PMID: 36012440 PMCID: PMC9408862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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