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Hayashi Y, Tajiri K, Ozawa T, Angata K, Sato T, Togayachi A, Nagashima I, Shimizu H, Murayama A, Muraishi N, Narimatsu H, Yasuda I. Impact of preS1 Evaluation in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1334. [PMID: 39202615 PMCID: PMC11356368 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is essential for managing chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). HBsAg consists of three different surface envelope proteins: large, middle, and small HB surface proteins. However, in clinical practice, it is not common to evaluate each of these HB surface proteins separately. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated preS1 expression using seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in 68 CHB patients, as well as examining their antigenicity. Results: Although the seven mAbs had been derived from genotype (Gt) C, they could recognize preS1 with Gts A to D. The epitopes were concentrated within the aa33-47 region of preS1, and their antigenicity was significantly reduced by an aa45F substitution. We found that preS1 expression remained consistent regardless of HBsAg levels and different Gts in CHB patients, in contrast to what was observed in SHBs. Conclusions: These results suggest that the antigenic epitope is preserved among different Gts and that the expression pattern of preS1 is altered during CHB, highlighting its vital role in the HBV infection cycle. Our present results suggest preS1 is a promising therapeutic target in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Takashi Sato
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Izuru Nagashima
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Aiko Murayama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Nozomu Muraishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
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Lazarevic I, Banko A, Miljanovic D, Cupic M. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Isoforms: Their Clinical Implications, Utilisation in Diagnosis, Prevention and New Antiviral Strategies. Pathogens 2024; 13:46. [PMID: 38251353 PMCID: PMC10818932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a multifunctional glycoprotein composed of large (LHB), middle (MHB), and small (SHB) subunits. HBsAg isoforms have numerous biological functions during HBV infection-from initial and specific viral attachment to the hepatocytes to initiating chronic infection with their immunomodulatory properties. The genetic variability of HBsAg isoforms may play a role in several HBV-related liver phases and clinical manifestations, from occult hepatitis and viral reactivation upon immunosuppression to fulminant hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their immunogenic properties make them a major target for developing HBV vaccines, and in recent years they have been recognised as valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Initial research has already shown promising results in utilising HBsAg isoforms instead of quantitative HBsAg for correctly evaluating chronic infection phases and predicting functional cures. The ratio between surface components was shown to indicate specific outcomes of HBV and HDV infections. Thus, besides traditional HBsAg detection and quantitation, HBsAg isoform quantitation can become a useful non-invasive biomarker for assessing chronically infected patients. This review summarises the current knowledge of HBsAg isoforms, their potential usefulness and aspects deserving further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
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Paul SS, Patwa SM, Tan YJ. Development of monoclonal antibodies to target the large surface protein of hepatitis B virus and their use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:870-878. [PMID: 37525419 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 250 million people are living with chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV has three surface proteins, namely small (SHBs), medium (MHBs) and large (LHBs), and they play different roles in the virus life cycle. The approved hepatitis B vaccine only contains the SHBs protein and many studies have focused on characterising the functional domains in SHBs. Although the LHBs protein is less studied, recent studies have shown that it plays important roles in mediating viral entry, replication and assembly. Over the years, there have been major advancements in monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery tools and multiple mAbs have been developed to specifically target the preS1 domain in LHBs. We summarise the HBV infection systems and antibody discovery strategies that have been utilised by various research groups to assess the potential use of anti-preS1 mAbs as therapeutic antibodies against HBV or in the development of new diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Som Mohanlal Patwa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Foglia B, Turato C, Cannito S. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Latest Research in Pathogenesis, Detection and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12224. [PMID: 37569600 PMCID: PMC10419038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of primary liver malignancy is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Foglia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Cristian Turato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
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Pfefferkorn M, van Bömmel F. Commentary: Serum hepatitis B virus large and medium surface proteins as novel tools for predicting HBsAg clearance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1081730. [PMID: 36531999 PMCID: PMC9755850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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