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Chmielewski PP, Data K, Strzelec B, Farzaneh M, Anbiyaiee A, Zaheer U, Uddin S, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases: From Underlying Mechanisms to Pro-Longevity Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0280. [PMID: 38913049 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy continues to rise, becoming a pressing global concern, it brings into focus the underlying mechanisms of aging. The increasing lifespan has led to a growing elderly population grappling with age-related diseases (ARDs), which strains healthcare systems and economies worldwide. While human senescence was once regarded as an immutable and inexorable phenomenon, impervious to interventions, the emerging field of geroscience now offers innovative approaches to aging, holding the promise of extending the period of healthspan in humans. Understanding the intricate links between aging and pathologies is essential in addressing the challenges presented by aging populations. A substantial body of evidence indicates shared mechanisms and pathways contributing to the development and progression of various ARDs. Consequently, novel interventions targeting the intrinsic mechanisms of aging have the potential to delay the onset of diverse pathological conditions, thereby extending healthspan. In this narrative review, we discuss the most promising methods and interventions aimed at modulating aging, which harbor the potential to mitigate ARDs in the future. We also outline the complexity of senescence and review recent empirical evidence to identify rational strategies for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawel Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Strzelec
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Medical University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Uzma Zaheer
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, The University of Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rodríguez-Zorrilla S, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Fais S, Logozzi MA, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Giuliani A, García-García A, Pérez-Jardón A, Ortega KL, Martínez-González Á, Pérez-Sayáns M. Increased Plasmatic Levels of Exosomes Are Significantly Related to Relapse Rate in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5693. [PMID: 38067397 PMCID: PMC10705147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Their plasma-derived exosomes deliver immunomodulatory molecules and cargo that correlate significantly with clinical parameters. This study aims to assess the exosomal profile as a potential tool for early detection of relapse and long-term outcomes in OSCC patients undergoing conventional therapy. METHODS 27 OSCC patients with a median 38-month follow-up were included in this study. The relationship between NTA-derived parameters and clinical pathological parameters was examined, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these values in detecting cancer relapse. RESULTS Plasmatic levels of exosomes prior to surgery showed a drastic reduction after surgical intervention (8.08E vs. 1.41 × 109 particles/mL, p = 0.006). Postsurgical concentrations of exosomes were higher in patients who experienced relapse compared to those who remained disease-free (2.97 × 109 vs. 1.11 × 109 particles/mL, p = 0.046). Additionally, patients who relapsed exhibited larger exosome sizes after surgery (141.47 vs. 132.31 nm, p = 0.03). Patients with lower concentrations of exosomes prior to surgery demonstrated better disease-free survival compared to those with higher levels (p = 0.012). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.82 for presurgical exosome concentration in identifying relapse. CONCLUSIONS Presurgical exosomal plasmatic levels serve as independent predictors of early recurrence and survival in OSCC. All in all, our findings indicate that the detection of peripheral exosomes represents a novel tool for the clinical management of OSCC, with potential implications for prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rodríguez-Zorrilla
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Maria A. Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.M.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.M.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karem L. Ortega
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Martínez-González
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Mourente S/N, 36472 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Materials (IMATUS), Avenida do Mestre Mateo, 25, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Arechaga-Ocampo E. Epigenetics as a determinant of radiation response in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:145-190. [PMID: 38359968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Treatment is based on depositing focal radiation to the tumor to inhibit cell growth, proliferation and metastasis, and to promote the death of cancer cells. In addition, radiation also affects non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironmental (TME). Radiation resistance of the tumor cells is the most common cause of treatment failure, allowing survival of cancer cell and subsequent tumor growing. Molecular radioresistance comprises genetic and epigenetic characteristics inherent in cancer cells, or characteristics acquired after exposure to radiation. Furthermore, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-tumor cells into the TME as stromal and immune cells have a role in promoting and maintaining radioresistant tumor phenotypes. Different regulatory molecules and pathways distinctive of radiation resistance include DNA repair, survival signaling and cell death pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms are one of the most relevant events that occur after radiotherapy to regulate the expression and function of key genes and proteins in the differential radiation-response. This article reviews recent data on the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the biological response to radiotherapy in cancer; highlighting the epigenetic control exerted by DNA methylation, histone marks, chromatin remodeling and m6A RNA methylation on gene expression and activation of signaling pathways related to radiation therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arechaga-Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hu X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Zhang M, Mao Y, Chen Z. Progress of regulatory RNA in small extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1225965. [PMID: 37519298 PMCID: PMC10382209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1225965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with the second highest mortality rate and the third highest incidence rate. Early diagnosis and treatment are important measures to reduce CRC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators that facilitate communication between tumor cells and various other cells, playing a significant role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Regulatory RNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, serving as crucial factors in promoting CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immune cell differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the vital role of sEVs as biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and their potential application in CRC treatment, highlighting their importance as a promising avenue for further research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Sun S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wei L. Crosstalk between colorectal cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment mediated by exosomal noncoding RNAs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161628. [PMID: 37234178 PMCID: PMC10206140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its morbidity rates are increasing worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are not only closely linked to normal fibroblasts, but also can secrete a variety of substances (including exosomes) to participate in the regulation of the TME. Exosomes can play a key role in intercellular communication by delivering intracellular signaling substances (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, non-coding RNAs), and an increasing number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs of exosomal origin from CAFs are not only closely associated with the formation of the CRC microenvironment, but also increase the ability of CRC to grow in metastasis, mediate tumor immunosuppression, and are involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in CRC patients receiving. It is also involved in the mechanism of drug resistance after radiotherapy in CRC patients. In this paper, we review the current status and progress of research on CAFs-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linlin Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Pan Z, Sun W, Chen Y, Tang H, Lin W, Chen J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201384. [PMID: 36053562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as an important ingredient of intercellular communication through paracrine actions, have gained tremendous attention in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Moreover, these nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can be incorporated into biomaterials according to different principles to facilitate signal delivery in various regenerative processes directly or indirectly. Bioactive biomaterials as the carrier will extend the retention time and realize the controlled release of EVs, which further enhance their therapeutic efficiency in tissue regeneration. Herein, the basic biological characteristics of EVs are first introduced, and then their outstanding performance in exerting direct impacts on target cells in tissue regeneration as well as indirect effects on promoting angiogenesis and regulating the immune environment, due to specific functional components of EVs (nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc.), is emphasized. Furthermore, different design ideas for suitable EV-loaded biomaterials are also demonstrated. In the end, this review also highlights the engineered strategies, which aim at solving the problems related to natural EVs such as highly heterogeneous functions, inadequate tissue targeting capabilities, insufficient yield and scalability, etc., thus promoting the therapeutic pertinence and clinical potential of EV-based approaches in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Khan MI, Ahmad A. LncRNA SNHG6 sponges miR-101 and induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through induction of EMT. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015428. [PMID: 36212408 PMCID: PMC9539827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance is a major clinical challenge for tamoxifen-based therapy. In this study, we focused on lncRNA SNHG6 which plays a role in chemoresistance of cancer cells, but has never been investigated in the context of tamoxifen resistance. We found elevated levels of SNHG6 in tamoxifen-resistant estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cells (MCF7TR), relative to naïve MCF-7 cells, as well as in tamoxifen-resistant T47D cells (T47DTR), relative to naïve T47D cells, which correlated with induced vimentin, ZEB1/2 and decreased e-cadherin, thus implicating a role of EMT in SNHG6-mediated tamoxifen resistance. Downregulation of SNHG6, using specific siRNA, sensitized MCF7TR as well as T47DTR cells to tamoxifen along with markedly reduced proliferation, invasion and anchorage-independent clonogenicity. Further, SNHG6 was found to sponge and inhibit miR-101 as the endogenous expression levels of SNHG6 and miR-101 inversely correlated in paired parental and tamoxifen-resistant cells and, moreover, silencing of SNHG6 in tamoxifen-resistant cells resulted in de-repression of miR-101, along with reversal of EMT. SNHG6 expression also directly correlated with increased stem cells markers Sox2, Oct4 and EZH2. miR-101 levels, manipulated by transfections with pre/anti-miR-101 oligos, directly affected tamoxifen sensitivity of ER-positive cells with pre-miR-101 sensitizing MCF7TR and T47DTR cells to tamoxifen whereas anti-miR-101 inducing resistance of parental MCF-7 and T47D cells to tamoxifen. Further, miR-101 was found to attenuate SNHG6-mediated effects on tamoxifen resistance, EMT as well as stem cell markers, thereby making a case for SNHG6-miR-101 axis in tamoxifen resistance of ER-positive breast cancer cells. Thus, lncRNA SNHG6 is a novel modulator of tamoxifen resistance through its sponging of miR-101 and the resulting effects on EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Aamir Ahmad,
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Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Involvement in Cancer Resistance: An Up-to-Date Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182913. [PMID: 36139487 PMCID: PMC9496799 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer. Thanks to advancements in molecular biology, it has been found that the fraction of EVs called exosomes or small EVs (sEVs) modulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by delivering molecularly active non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). An in-depth analysis shows that two main molecular mechanisms are involved in exosomal modified chemoresistance: (1) translational repression of anti-oncogenes by exosomal microRNAs (miRs) and (2) lack of translational repression of oncogenes by sponging of miRs through long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). At the cellular level, these processes increase the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and improve their ability to metastasize and resist apoptosis. In addition, studies in animal models have shown enhancing tumor size under the influence of exosomal ncRNAs. Ultimately, exosomal ncRNAs are responsible for clinically significant chemotherapy failures in patients with different types of cancer. Preliminary data have also revealed that exosomal ncRNAs can overcome chemotherapeutic agent resistance, but the results are thoroughly fragmented. This review presents how exosomes modulate the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding how exosomes interfere with chemoresistance may become a milestone in developing new therapeutic options, but more data are still required.
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Wei H, Chen F, Chen J, Lin H, Wang S, Wang Y, Wu C, Lin J, Zhong G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes as Nanodrug Carrier of Doxorubicin for Targeted Osteosarcoma Therapy via SDF1-CXCR4 Axis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3483-3495. [PMID: 35959282 PMCID: PMC9359454 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity, targeting capability, and mechanism of the developed nanodrug consisting of doxorubicin and exosome (Exo-Dox) derived from mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods The exosomes were isolated with Exosome Isolation Kit, and the Exo-Dox was prepared by mixing exosome with Dox-HCl, desalinizing with triethylamine and then dialyzing against PBS overnight. The exosome and Exo-Dox were examined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antitumor activity, targeting capability, and mechanism of the developed Exo-Dox were evaluated by cell viability assay, histological and immunofluorescence analysis and in vivo imaging system. Results NTA results showed the size of the exosomes had increased from 141.6 nm to 178.1 nm after loading with doxorubicin. Compared with free Dox, the Exo-Dox exhibited higher cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma MG63 cells, HOS cells, and 143B cells than free Dox, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Dox, Exo-Dox were calculated to be 0.178 and 0.078 μg mL−1 in MG63 cells, 0.294 and 0.109μg mL−1 in HOS cells, 0.315 and 0.123 μg mL−1 in 143B cells, respectively. The in vivo imaging showed that MSC derived Exo could serve as a highly efficient delivery vehicle for targeted drug delivery. The immunohistochemistry and histology analysis indicated that compared with the free Dox group, the Ki67-positive cells and cardiotoxicity in Exo-Dox group were significantly decreased. Conclusion Our results suggested that MSC-derived Exo could be excellent nanocarriers used to deliver chemotherapeutic drug Dox specifically and efficiently in osteosarcoma, resulting in enhanced toxicity against osteosarcoma and less toxicity in heart tissue. We further demonstrated the targeting capability of Exo was due to the chemotaxis of MSC-derived exosomes to osteosarcoma cells via SDF1-CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- The Centralab, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huangfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guangxian Zhong; Jianhua Lin, Tel/Fax +86 591 87981029, Email ;
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