1
|
Lisyte V, Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Brasiunas B, Popov A, Ramanaviciene A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for Direct Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8574. [PMID: 39201259 PMCID: PMC11354133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The strong immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is widely recognized, and the detection of specific antibodies is critical for COVID-19 diagnostics in patients. This research proposed direct, label-free, and sensitive detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (anti-SCoV2-rN). Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SCoV2-rN) was immobilized by carbodiimide chemistry on an SPR sensor chip coated with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. When immobilized under optimal conditions, a SCoV2-rN surface mass concentration of 3.61 ± 0.52 ng/mm2 was achieved, maximizing the effectiveness of the immunosensor for the anti-SCoV2-rN determination. The calculated KD value of 6.49 × 10-8 ± 5.3 × 10-9 M confirmed the good affinity of the used monoclonal anti-SCoV2-rN antibodies. The linear range of the developed immunosensor was from 0.5 to 50 nM of anti-SCoV2-rN, where the limit of detection and the limit of quantification values were 0.057 and 0.19 nM, respectively. The immunosensor exhibited good reproducibility and specificity. In addition, the developed immunosensor is suitable for multiple anti-SCoV2-rN antibody detections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.K.-M.); (B.B.)
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.K.-M.); (B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim MJ, Haizan I, Ahn MJ, Park DH, Choi JH. Recent Advances in Lateral Flow Assays for Viral Protein Detection with Nanomaterial-Based Optical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:197. [PMID: 38667190 PMCID: PMC11048458 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the progression of contagious diseases is crucial for public health management, emphasizing the importance of early viral infection diagnosis. In response, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been successfully utilized in point-of-care (POC) testing, emerging as a viable alternative to more traditional diagnostic methods. Recent advancements in virus detection have primarily leveraged methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Despite their proven effectiveness, these conventional techniques are often expensive, require specialized expertise, and consume a significant amount of time. In contrast, LFAs utilize nanomaterial-based optical sensing technologies, including colorimetric, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), offering quick, straightforward analyses with minimal training and infrastructure requirements for detecting viral proteins in biological samples. This review describes the composition and mechanism of and recent advancements in LFAs for viral protein detection, categorizing them into colorimetric, fluorescent, and SERS-based techniques. Despite significant progress, developing a simple, stable, highly sensitive, and selective LFA system remains a formidable challenge. Nevertheless, an advanced LFA system promises not only to enhance clinical diagnostics but also to extend its utility to environmental monitoring and beyond, demonstrating its potential to revolutionize both healthcare and environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Izzati Haizan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ju Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan-si 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyeok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han J, Lv Q, Su D, Chen L, Zhu S, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Polymer Microspheres Copolymerized with Deep Red Fluorescent Molecules as a Label for Lateral Flow Immunochromatography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6971-6979. [PMID: 38517386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of fluorescently labeled microspheres is a critical aspect of advancing the technology of lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) for biological detection. Nevertheless, potential interference posed by the background fluorescence originating from the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane would significantly impact the sensitivity and accuracy of microsphere-based detection in LFIA. In this work, an attempt was made to extend the π-conjugated system and asymmetric structure of rhodamine fluorophore, resulting in the synthesis of dye molecules (RB2) incorporating double bonds, which can reach an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 30.01% in EtOH. Subsequently, carboxyl group functionalized fluorescent microspheres were prepared in a two-step copolymerization via soap-free emulsion polymerization. The obtained microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DLS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that RB2 was successfully copolymerized into the microspheres, and the resulting microspheres had good dispersion and stability with high red fluorescence intensity (λabs ∼ 610 nm, λem ∼ 660 nm). Utilizing these microspheres, the resulting lateral flow immunoassay was successfully found to detect SARS-CoV-2 N protein with a detection limit of 2.5 pg/mL and the linear concentration spanning from 2.5 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL. The results confirm the effectiveness of the synthetic fluorescent microspheres as the label for LFIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Daoxiang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lucheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shihong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Sun G, Li F, Zhu Z, Sun L, Lv P, Yue H. Development of ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dot-based fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for the rapid visual and quantitative detection 25⁃hydroxyvitamins D in human serum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1326254. [PMID: 38188486 PMCID: PMC10766695 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1326254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases such as obesity, digestive problems, osteoporosis, depression, and infections, and has therefore emerged as a topic of great interest in public healthcare. The quantitative assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH VD) in human serum may accurately reflect the nutritional status of vitamin D in the human body, which is significant for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D-deficient patients. In this study, we developed an assay for quantitative detection of 25-OH VD based on the 25-OH VD monoclonal antibody (mAb), and identified the optimal process parameters. The following process settings were found to be suitable for the test strips: pH of 7.6, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) ratio of 1:2000, and the anti-25-OH VD mAb ratio was 1:8. The equilibration time of the immune dynamic assay was 15 min. Under optimal conditions, the quantum dot nanoparticle-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (QDs-FICA) exhibited dynamic linear detection of 25-OH VD in PBS, from 5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL, and the strip quantitative curve could be represented by the following regression equation: y = -0.02088 logx)+1.444 (R2 = 0.9050). The IC50 of the QDs-FICA was 39.6 ± 1.33 ng/mL. The specificity of the QDs-FICA was evaluated by running several structurally related analogues, including 25-OH VD2, 25-OH VD3, 1,25-OH2VD3, 1,25-OH2VD2, VD2, and VD3. The coefficients of variation were all below 10%. The shelf life of the test strips in this study was about 160 days at room temperature. Briefly, this study is the first to perform QDs-FICA for the rapid visual and quantitative detection of 25-OH VD, with great potential significance for clinical diagnosis of vitamin D-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoshao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengju Lv
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Yue
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pang J, Tian X, Han X, Yuan J, Li L, You Y, Zhou Y, Xing G, Li R, Wang Z. Computationally-driven epitope identification of PEDV N-protein and its application in development of immunoassay for PEDV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115660. [PMID: 37598469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a suitable candidate for early diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Here, we identified the linear B-cell epitopes of the PEDV N-protein by integrating a computational-experimental framework and constructed three-dimensional (3D) structure model of the N protein using the ColabFold program in Google Colaboratory. Furthermore, we prepared the monoclonal antibodies against the predicted epitopes and recombinant N protein, respectively, and selected pairing mAbs (named 9C4 and 3C5) to develop a double-antibody sandwich immunochromatographic test strip using CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)-labelled 9C4 and 3C5 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively. This strip can specifically detect PEDV within 10 min with a detection limit of less than 6.25 × 103 TCID50/mL. In comparison with RT-PCR for testing 90 clinical samples, the relative sensitivity and specificity of the strip were found to be 98.0% and 100%, respectively, with a concordance rate of 98.9% and a kappa value of 0.978, indicating that QDs-ICTS is a reliable method for the application of PEDV detection in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzeng Pang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiakang Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Linyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yonghe You
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Renfeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Ziliang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim J, Shin MS, Shin J, Kim HM, Pham XH, Park SM, Kim DE, Kim YJ, Jun BH. Recent Trends in Lateral Flow Immunoassays with Optical Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119600. [PMID: 37298550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Various detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been extensively used, with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) recently emerging as a major diagnostic tool. Nanoparticles (NPs) with characteristic optical properties are used as probes for LFIA, and researchers have presented various types of optical NPs with modified optical properties. Herein, we review the literature on LFIA with optical NPs for the detection of specific targets in the context of diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Park
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He J, Zhu S, Zhou J, Jiang W, Yin L, Su L, Zhang X, Chen Q, Li X. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2: The gradual boom of lateral flow immunoassay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1090281. [PMID: 36704307 PMCID: PMC9871317 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still in an epidemic situation, which poses a serious threat to the safety of people and property. Rapid diagnosis and isolation of infected individuals are one of the important methods to control virus transmission. Existing lateral flow immunoassay techniques have the advantages of rapid, sensitive, and easy operation, and some new options have emerged with the continuous development of nanotechnology. Such as lateral flow immunoassay test strips based on colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode and gold nanoparticles, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering, etc., these technologies have played an important role in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. In this paper, we summarize the current research progress of lateral flow immunoassay in the field of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection diagnosis, analyze the performance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 lateral flow immunoassay products, review the advantages and limitations of different detection methods and markers, and then explore the competitive CRISPR-based nucleic acid chromatography detection method. This method combines the advantages of gene editing and lateral flow immunoassay and can achieve rapid and highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay detection of target nucleic acids, which is expected to be the most representative method for community and clinical point-of-care testing. We hope that researchers will be inspired by this review and strive to solve the problems in the design of highly sensitive targets, the selection of detection methods, and the enhancement of CRISPR technology, to truly achieve rapid, sensitive, convenient, and specific detection of novel coronaviruses, thus promoting the development of novel coronavirus diagnosis and contributing our modest contribution to the world's fight against epidemics.
Collapse
|