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Ladakis DC, Pedrini E, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Sanjayan M, Smith MD, Fitzgerald KC, Pardo CA, Reich DS, Absinta M, Bhargava P. Metabolomics of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Demonstrates Lipid Changes Linked to Alterations in Transcriptomics-Based Cellular Profiles. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200219. [PMID: 38547430 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a dysregulated circulating metabolome, but the metabolome of MS brain lesions has not been studied. The aims of this study were to identify differences in the brain tissue metabolome in MS compared with controls and to assess its association with the cellular profile of corresponding tissue. METHODS MS tissues included samples from the edge and core of chronic active or inactive lesions and periplaque white matter (WM). Control specimens were obtained from normal WM. Metabolomic analysis was performed using mass-spectrometry coupled with liquid/gas chromatography and subsequently integrated with single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data by correlating metabolite abundances with relative cell counts, as well as individual genes using Multiomics Factor Analysis (MOFA). RESULTS Seventeen samples from 5 people with secondary progressive MS and 8 samples from 6 controls underwent metabolomic profiling identifying 783 metabolites. MS lesions had higher levels of sphingosines (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value[q] = 2.88E-05) and sphingomyelins and ceramides (q = 2.15E-07), but lower nucleotide (q = 0.05), energy (q = 0.001), lysophospholipid (q = 1.86E-07), and monoacylglycerol (q = 0.04) metabolite levels compared with control WM. Periplaque WM had elevated sphingomyelins and ceramides (q = 0.05) and decreased energy metabolites (q = 0.01) and lysophospholipids (q = 0.05) compared with control WM. Sphingolipids and membrane lipid metabolites were positively correlated with astrocyte and immune cell abundances and negatively correlated with oligodendrocytes. On the other hand, long-chain fatty acid, endocannabinoid, and monoacylglycerol pathways were negatively correlated with astrocyte and immune cell populations and positively correlated with oligodendrocytes. MOFA demonstrated associations between differentially expressed metabolites and genes involved in myelination and lipid biosynthesis. DISCUSSION MS lesions and perilesional WM demonstrated a significantly altered metabolome compared with control WM. Many of the altered metabolites were associated with altered cellular composition and gene expression, indicating an important role of lipid metabolism in chronic neuroinflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria I Reyes-Mantilla
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Muraleetharan Sanjayan
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew D Smith
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel S Reich
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martina Absinta
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Vásquez-Londoño CA, Howes MJR, Costa GM, Arboleda G, Rojas-Cardozo MA. Scutellaria incarnata Vent. root extract and isolated phenylethanoid glycosides are neuroprotective against C 2-ceramide toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116218. [PMID: 36738946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuronal death is a central process in neurodegenerative diseases and represents a therapeutic challenge for their prevention and treatment. Scutellaria incarnata Vent. roots are used traditionally in Colombia for central nervous system conditions including those affecting cognitive functions, but their chemistry and neuroprotective action remain to be explored to understand the scientific basis for their medicinal uses. In this study, S. incarnata roots are investigated to assess whether they have neuroprotective effects that could provide some explanation for their traditional use in neurodegenerative diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of S. incarnata roots and its chemical constituents against C2-ceramide-induced cell death in Cath.-a-differentiated (CAD) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. incarnata root ethanol extract was fractionated and compounds were isolated by column chromatography; their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The cytotoxic and neuroprotective effects against C2-ceramide of S. incarnata root extract, fractions and isolated compounds were assessed in CAD cells. RESULTS S. incarnata root extract and its n-butanol fraction were not cytotoxic but showed neuroprotective effects against C2-ceramide toxicity in CAD cells. The phenylethanoid glycosides incarnatoside (isolated for the first time) and stachysoside C (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) from S. incarnata roots also protected CAD cells against C2-ceramide without inducing cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION The observed neuroprotective effects of S. incarnata root extract and isolated phenylethanoid glycosides in CAD cells provide an ethnopharmacological basis for the traditional use of this species in Colombia for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Vásquez-Londoño
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, GIFFUN, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia.
| | | | - Geison M Costa
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Arboleda
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology - Genetic Institute, Bogotá, 111231, Colombia
| | - Maritza A Rojas-Cardozo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, GIFFUN, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia.
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase inhibition rescues cognition in diabetic mice by promoting anti-inflammatory microglia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114415. [PMID: 36997095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a crucial sphingolipid modulating neuroinflammation and cognition. S1P levels in the brain have been found to be decreased in cognitive impairment. S1P lyase (S1PL) is the key enzyme in metabolizing S1P and has been implicated in neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the effect of S1PL inhibition on cognition in type 2 diabetic mice. Fingolimod (0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg) rescued cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, as evident in the Y maze and passive avoidance test. We further evaluated the effect of fingolimod on the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Our study revealed that fingolimod inhibited S1PL and promoted anti-inflammatory microglia in both PFC and hippocampus of diabetic mice as it increased Ym-1 and arginase-1. The levels of p53 and apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) were elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice which fingolimod reversed. The underlying mechanism promoting anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype was also explored in this study. TIGAR, TP53-associated glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, is known to foster anti-inflammatory microglia and was found to be downregulated in the brain of type 2 diabetic mice. S1PL inhibition decreased the levels of p53 and promoted TIGAR, thereby increasing anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and inhibiting apoptosis in the brain of diabetic mice. Our study reveals that S1PL inhibition could be beneficial in mitigating cognitive deficits in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
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Singh A, Kukal S, Kanojia N, Singh M, Saso L, Kukreti S, Kukreti R. Lipid Mediated Brain Disorders: A Perspective. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106737. [PMID: 37086954 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The brain, one of the most resilient organs of the body is highly enriched in lipid content, suggesting the essential role of lipids in brain physiological activities. Lipids constitute an important structural part of the brain and act as a rich source of metabolic energy. Besides, lipids in their bioactive form (known as bioactive lipids) play an essential signaling and regulatory role, facilitating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cell-cell communication. Brain lipid metabolism is thus a tightly regulated process. Any alteration/dysregulation of lipid metabolism greatly impact brain health and activity. Moreover, since central nervous system (CNS) is the most metabolically active system and lacks an efficient antioxidative defence system, it acts as a hub for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation. These peroxidation events are reported during pathological changes such as neuronal tissue injury and inflammation. Present review is a modest attempt to gain insights into the role of dysregulated bioactive lipid levels and lipid oxidation status in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. This may open up new avenues exploiting lipids as the therapeutic targets for improving brain health, and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi 110007, India
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mahak Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India.
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