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Lin J, Yu Z, Gao X. Advanced Noninvasive Strategies for the Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22752-22779. [PMID: 39133564 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the discovery of therapeutic proteins and peptides for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, their clinical applications have been considerably hindered by challenges such as low biomembrane permeability, poor stability, short circulation time, and the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, substantial improvements have been made in understanding the dynamics of the BBB and developing efficient approaches for delivering proteins and peptides to the CNS, especially by using various nanoparticles. Herein, we present an overview of the up-to-date understanding of the BBB under physiological and pathological conditions, emphasizing their effects on brain drug delivery. We summarize advanced strategies and elucidate the underlying mechanisms for delivering proteins and peptides to the brain. We highlight the developments and applications of nanocarriers in treating CNS diseases via BBB crossing. We also provide critical opinions on the limitations and obstacles of the current strategies and put forward prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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2
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Alnaaim SA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Role of Brain Liver X Receptor in Parkinson's Disease: Hidden Treasure and Emerging Opportunities. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:341-357. [PMID: 37606719 PMCID: PMC10791998 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra (SN). The liver X receptor (LXR) is involved in different neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the possible role of LXR in PD neuropathology. LXRs are the most common nuclear receptors of transcription factors that regulate cholesterol metabolism and have pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory effects and reducing intracellular cholesterol accumulation. LXRs are highly expressed in the adult brain and act as endogenous sensors for intracellular cholesterol. LXRs have neuroprotective effects against the development of neuroinflammation in different neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LXRs play an essential role in mitigating PD neuropathology by reducing the expression of inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhancement of BDNF signaling.In conclusion, LXRs, through regulating brain cholesterol homeostasis, may be effectual in PD. Also, inhibition of node-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by LXRs could effectively prevent neuroinflammation in PD. Taken together, LXRs play a crucial role in PD neuropathology by inhibiting neuroinflammation and associated degeneration of DNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud A Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
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3
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Shen S, Shen M, Kuang L, Yang K, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y. SIRT1/SREBPs-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107037. [PMID: 38070792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins, also called silent information regulator 2, are enzymes that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function as histone deacetylases. Further investigation is warranted to explore the advantageous impacts of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a constituent of the sirtuin group, on lipid metabolism, in addition to its well-researched involvement in extending lifespan. The regulation of gene expression has been extensively linked to SIRT1. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) is a substrate of SIRT1 that has attracted significant interest due to its role in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and metabolic functions. Hence, the objective of this analysis was to investigate and elucidate the correlation between SIRT1 and SREBPs, as well as assess the contribution of SIRT1/SREBPs in mitigating lipid metabolism dysfunction. The objective of this research was to investigate whether SIRT1 and SREBPs could be utilized as viable targets for therapeutic intervention in managing complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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Feng L, Liu Y, Li P, Wan H, Deng X, Wang T, Fu H, Duan X. Association between cerebrovascular disease and perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:353-360. [PMID: 37916928 PMCID: PMC10793752 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) have a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline or dementia; however, the association between preoperative CVD and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the correlation between preoperative CVD and PNDs, as well as combine logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to construct a clinical prediction PND model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated 13 899 surgical patients of a large-scale comprehensive hospital between January 2021 and January 2022 to explore the association between preoperative CVD and PNDs, with follow-up to monitor postoperative survival until 28 February 2023, unless the patient died. The study participants comprised all inpatients from the Bone and Joint Surgery, Spine Surgery, Urology, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery departments. Patients were classified into two groups: the CVD group with a confirmed diagnosis and the noncerebrovascular disease group. The incidence of PNDs was measured, and potential associations between patient demographic information, preoperative comorbidities, and CVD, as well as the correlation between preoperative CVD and PNDs, were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Next, the authors constructed a clinical prediction PND model by drawing the ROC curve. The postoperative survival of all patients was tracked, and a survival curve was constructed and incorporated into the Cox proportional hazard regression model to analyze the relationship between preoperative CVD and the overall postoperative survival rate. RESULTS Of the included 13 899 patients, propensity score matching yielded 1006 patient pairs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CVD was an independent risk factor for PNDs [odds ratio: 10.193; 95% CI: 7.454-13.938; P <0.001]. Subsequently, the authors developed a clinical prediction model for PNDs by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.798 (95% CI: 0.765-0.830). The survival of 11 702 patients was followed up. Multivariate Cox hazard ratio regression analysis revealed that CVD affected the overall postoperative survival rate (hazard ratio, 1.398; 95% CI: 1.112-1.758; P <0.001). CONCLUSION CVD was an independent risk factor for PNDs and affected the overall postoperative survival rate of surgical patients with preoperative CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
| | - PengFei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
| | - Hengjun Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
| | - Xiren Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Mahammadawy AKAA, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The potential role of cholesterol in Parkinson's disease neuropathology: perpetrator or victim. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3781-3794. [PMID: 37428278 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposition of α-synuclein and aggregation of Lewy bodies. Cholesterol is involved with PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways that could be protective or harmful. Thus, the objective of the present review was to verify the potential role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. Deregulation of ion channels and receptors induced by cholesterol alteration suggests a possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of cholesterol against PD development. However, high serum cholesterol level increases PD risk indirectly by 27-hydroxycholesterol which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Besides, hypercholesterolemia triggers the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages and immune cells leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with progression of neuroinflammation subsequently. Additionally, cholesterol increases aggregation of α-synuclein and induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in the substantia nigra (SN). Hypercholesterolemia may lead to cellular Ca2+ overload causing synaptic and the development of neurodegeneration. In conclusion, cholesterol has bidirectional effects on PD neuropathology and might be protective or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | | | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al Beheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Yang H, Song R, Xie Y, Qian Q, Wu Z, Han S, Li X. Apple Polyphenol Extract Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Associated Cognitive Impairment through Alleviating Neuroinflammation by Weakening TLR4 Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome in High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Fed LDLR -/- Male Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15506-15521. [PMID: 37824601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have supported the beneficial effects of the ingredients of apple polyphenol extract (APE), a polyphenol mixture being extracted from whole fresh apples, on neurodegenerative diseases, the role of APE in atherosclerosis-related cognitive impairment remains unclear. To clarify the role of APE in regulating cognitive dysfunction in mice with atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms, high-fat/cholesterol diet-fed male LDLR-/- mice were gavaged with 125 or 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE solution or sterile double-distilled water for consecutive 8 weeks, and age-matched C57BL/6 male mice were employed as normal control. APE intervention increased the serum concentration of high-density apolipoprotein cholesterol, improved atherosclerosis, and ameliorated cognitive function of mice by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau protein, supporting with significantly reduced platform latency and obviously increased swimming distance in the target quadrant according to the Morris water maze test. APE intervention alleviated neuroinflammation by attenuating the activation of microglia and astrocytes and inhibiting TLR4 signaling with reduced protein expression of NF-κB, MyD88, TRIF, and IKKβ. Meanwhile, APE intervention inactivated NLRP3 inflammasome with downregulated protein expression of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β. Additionally, APE intervention improved the damaged brain barrier structure by upregulating the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Therefore, our research supplemented new data, supporting the potential of APE as an effective dietary bioactive ingredient to improve atherosclerosis and associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Song
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yisha Xie
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingfan Qian
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Han
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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7
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Sun YY, Wang Z, Huang HC. Roles of ApoE4 on the Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and the Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3115-3136. [PMID: 37227619 PMCID: PMC10211310 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) allele, encoding ApoE4, is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Emerging epidemiological evidence indicated that ApoE4 contributes to AD through influencing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and clearance. However, the molecular mechanisms of ApoE4 involved in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we introduced the structure and functions of ApoE isoforms, and then we reviewed the potential mechanisms of ApoE4 in the AD pathogenesis, including the effect of ApoE4 on Aβ pathology, and tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress; synaptic function, cholesterol transport, and mitochondrial dysfunction; sleep disturbances and cerebrovascular integrity in the AD brains. Furthermore, we discussed the available strategies for AD treatments that target to ApoE4. In general, this review overviews the potential roles of ApoE4 in the AD development and suggests some therapeutic approaches for AD. ApoE4 is genetic risk of AD. ApoE4 is involved in the AD pathogenesis. Aβ deposition, NFT, oxidative stress, abnormal cholesterol, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation could be observed in the brains with ApoE4. Targeting the interaction of ApoE4 with the AD pathology is available strategy for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
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Xue X, Wu X, Liu L, Liu L, Zhu F. ERVW-1 Activates ATF6-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response by Decreasing GANAB in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. Viruses 2023; 15:1298. [PMID: 37376599 DOI: 10.3390/v15061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a mental disorder, afflicts 1% of the worldwide population. The dysregulation of homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been implicated in schizophrenia. Moreover, recent studies indicate that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are linked to this mental disorder. Our previous research has verified that endogenous retrovirus group W member 1 envelope (ERVW-1), a risk factor for schizophrenia, is elevated in individuals with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, no literature is available regarding the underlying relationship between ER stress and ERVW-1 in schizophrenia. The aim of our research was to investigate the molecular mechanism connecting ER stress and ERVW-1 in schizophrenia. Here, we employed Gene Differential Expression Analysis to predict differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the human prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients and identified aberrant expression of UPR-related genes. Subsequent research indicated that the UPR gene called XBP1 had a positive correlation with ATF6, BCL-2, and ERVW-1 in individuals with schizophrenia using Spearman correlation analysis. Furthermore, results from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested increased serum protein levels of ATF6 and XBP1 in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls, exhibiting a strong correlation with ERVW-1 using median analysis and Mann-Whitney U analysis. However, serum GANAB levels were decreased in schizophrenic patients compared with controls and showed a significant negative correlation with ERVW-1, ATF6, and XBP1 in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, in vitro experiments verified that ERVW-1 indeed increased ATF6 and XBP1 expression while decreasing GANAB expression. Additionally, the confocal microscope experiment suggested that ERVW-1 could impact the shape of the ER, leading to ER stress. GANAB was found to participate in ER stress regulated by ERVW-1. In conclusion, ERVW-1 induced ER stress by suppressing GANAB expression, thereby upregulating the expression of ATF6 and XBP1 and ultimately contributing to the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Erikson KM, El-Khouri K, Petric R, Tang C, Chen J, Vasquez DEC, Fordahl SC, Jia Z. Carbon Nanodots Attenuate Lipid Peroxidation in the LDL Receptor Knockout Mouse Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051081. [PMID: 37237947 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cholesterol metabolism can lead to oxidative stress in the brain. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) knockout mice are models for studying altered cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress onset in the brain. Carbon nanodots are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that possess antioxidant properties. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon nanodots in preventing brain lipid peroxidation. LDLr knockout mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were treated with saline or 2.5 mg/kg bw of carbon nanodots for a 16-week period. Brains were removed and dissected into the cortex, midbrain, and striatum. We measured lipid peroxidation in the mouse brain tissues using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay and iron and copper concentrations using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. We focused on iron and copper due to their association with oxidative stress. Iron concentrations were significantly elevated in the midbrain and striatum of the LDLr knockout mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice, whereas lipid peroxidation was greatest in the midbrain and cortex of the LDLr knockout mice. Treatment with carbon nanodots in the LDLr knockout mice attenuated both the rise in iron and lipid peroxidation, but they had no negative effect in the C57BL/6J mice, indicating the anti-oxidative stress properties of carbon nanodots. We also assessed locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors as functional indicators of lipid peroxidation and found that treatment with carbon nanodots prevented the anxiety-like behaviors displayed by the LDLr knockout mice. Overall, our results show that carbon nanodots are safe and may be an effective nanomaterial for combating the harmful effects caused by lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Kristina El-Khouri
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Radmila Petric
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, Chapel-Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Chenhao Tang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | | | - Steve C Fordahl
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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10
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Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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11
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Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Yan X, Fan K. Transferrin receptor 1 targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3394-3413. [PMID: 36847174 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective drug delivery to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target tumor cells remains the greatest challenge for brain tumor therapy. Importantly, the overexpressed membrane receptors on the brain endothelial cells, especially transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which mediate their ligands/antibodies to overcome the BBB by transcytosis, have been emerging as promising targets for brain tumor therapy. By employing ligands (e.g., transferrin, H-ferritin), antibodies or targeting peptides of TfR1 or aptamers, various functional nano-formulations have been developed in the last decade. These agents showed great potential for the treatment of brain diseases due to their ideal size, high loading capacity, controlled drug release and suitable pharmacokinetics. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on TfR1-targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Moreover, we also discuss the strategies of improving stability, targeting ability and accumulation of nano-formulations in brain tumors for better outcomes. In this review, we hope to provide inspiration for the rational design of TfR1-targeted nanomedicine against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Zixia Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Gu Z, Chen H, Zhao H, Yang W, Song Y, Li X, Wang Y, Du D, Liao H, Pan W, Li X, Gao Y, Han H, Tong Z. New insight into brain disease therapy: nanomedicines-crossing blood-brain barrier and extracellular space for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1618-1635. [PMID: 36285632 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain diseases including brain tumor, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. are difficult to treat. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery into the brain. Although nano-package and receptor-mediated delivery of nanomedicine markedly increases BBB penetration, it yet did not extensively improve clinical cure rate. Recently, brain extracellular space (ECS) and interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in ECS have been found to determine whether a drug dissolved in ISF can reach its target cells. Notably, an increase in tortuosity of ECS associated with slower ISF drainage induced by the accumulated harmful substances, such as: amyloid-beta (Aβ), α-synuclein, and metabolic wastes, causes drug delivery failure. AREAS COVERED The methods of nano-package and receptor-mediated drug delivery and the penetration efficacy of nanomedicines across BBB and ECS are assessed. EXPERT OPINION Invasive delivering drug via ECS and noninvasive near-infrared photo-sensitive nanomedicines may provide a promising benefit to patients with brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilan Song
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haikang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NMPA key Laboratory for Evaluation of Medical Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Hong DY, Lee EC, Park SW, Lee YK, Oh JS. Pharmacological Treatment for Neuroinflammation in Stress-Related Disorder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102518. [PMID: 36289780 PMCID: PMC9599149 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an organism’s response to a biological or psychological stressor, a method of responding to threats. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) regulate adaptation to acute stress and secrete hormones and excitatory amino acids. This process can induce excessive inflammatory reactions to the central nervous system (CNS) by HPA axis, glutamate, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) etc., under persistent stress conditions, resulting in neuroinflammation. Therefore, in order to treat stress-related neuroinflammation, the improvement effects of several mechanisms of receptor antagonist and pharmacological anti-inflammation treatment were studied. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor etc., effectively improved neuroinflammation. The interesting fact is that not only can direct anti-inflammation treatment improve neuroinflammation, but so can stress reduction or pharmacological antidepressants. The antidepressant treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), also helped improve stress-related neuroinflammation. It presents the direction of future development of stress-related neuroinflammation drugs. Therefore, in this review, the mechanism of stress-related neuroinflammation and pharmacological treatment candidates for it were reviewed. In addition, treatment candidates that have not yet been verified but indicate possibilities were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun-Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-K.L.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jae-Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-K.L.); (J.-S.O.)
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