1
|
Alnazeh AA, Kamran MA, Almoammar S, Al Jearah MM, Qasim M, Alshahrani I. Visible light-activated curcumin-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles integrated into orthodontic adhesive on Micro-tensile bond strength, degree of conversion, and antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus Aureus. An investigation using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112888. [PMID: 38471422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To acquire a thorough comprehension of the photoactivated Cur-doped ZnONPs at different concentrations 0%, 2.5%, and 5% on the physical qualities, antibacterial efficacy, degree of conversion, and μshear bond strength between orthodontic brackets and the enamel surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive investigation was carried out utilizing a range of analytical methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, micro tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, and evaluation of antibacterial effectiveness. Cur-doped ZnONPs at concentrations of 2.5% and 5% were blended with Transbond XT, a light-curable orthodontic adhesive. A control group without the addition of Cur-doped ZnONPs was also prepared. The tooth samples were categorized into three groups based on the weight percentage of NPs: Group 1 (control) with 0% Cur-doped ZnONPs, Group 2 with 2.5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs, and Group 3 with 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs. The SEM technique was employed to analyze the morphological characteristics of Cur-doped ZnONPs and ZnONPs. The composition and elemental distribution of the modified Cur-doped ZnONPs were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effectiveness of NPs at various concentrations against S.Mutans was gauged through the pour plate method. DC of Cur-doped ZnONPs at a region of 1608 cm-1 to 1636 cm-1 for the cured area, whereas the uncured area spanned the same range of 1608 cm-1 to 1636 cm-1 was assessed. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) approach was utilized to investigate the bond failure of orthodontic brackets, while a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was utilized to test μTBS. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to investigate variations in S.mutans survival rates. To determine the μTBS values, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test were used. RESULTS The maximum μTBS was given and documented in group 3: 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (21.21 ± 1.53 MPa). The lowest μTBS was given in group 2: 2.5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (19.58 ± 1.27 MPa). The highest efficacy against S.mutans was documented in group 3 in which 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (0.39 ± 0.15). The lowest efficacy was seen in group 1 in which no Cur-doped ZnONPs were used (6.47 ± 1.23). The ARI analysis indicated that the predominant failure was between scores 0 and 1 among all experimental groups. Control group 1 which was not modified showed the highest DC (73.11 ± 4.19). CONCLUSION Orthodontic adhesive, containing 5% Cur-doped ZnONPs photoactivated with visible light exhibited a favorable impact on μTBS and indicated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against S.mutans. Nevertheless, it was observed that the addition of Cur-doped ZnONPs at different concentrations (2.5%,5%) resulted in a decrease in the monomer-to-polymer ratio compromising DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bapat RA, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Pang JC, Lin SL, Khoo SP, Daood U. Newly discovered clouting interplay between matrix metalloproteinases structures and novel quaternary Ammonium K21: computational and in-vivo testing. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 38528501 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyze anti-MMP mode of action of Quaternary Ammonium Silane (QAS, codenamed as k21) by binding onto specific MMP site using computational molecular simulation and Anti-Sortase A (SrtA) mode of action by binding onto specific site using computational molecular simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico Molecular Dynamics (MD) was used to determine the interactions of K21 inside the pocket of the targeted protein (crystal structure of fibroblast collagenase-1 complexed to a diphenyl-ether sulphone based hydroxamic acid; PDB ID: 966C; Crystal structure of MMP-2 active site mutant in complex with APP-derived decapeptide inhibitor. MD simulations were accomplished with the Desmond package in Schrödinger Drug Discovery Suite. Blood samples (~ 0.5 mL) collected into K2EDTA were immediately transferred for further processing using the Litron MicroFlow® PLUS micronucleus analysis kit for mouse blood according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test of K21 Molecule was performed to evaluate K21 and any possible metabolites for their potential to induce point mutations in amino acid-requiring strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (WP2 uvrA (tryptophan-deficient)). RESULTS Molecular Simulation depicted that K21 has a specific pocket binding on various MMPs and SrtA surfaces producing a classical clouting effect. K21 did not induce micronuclei, which are the result of chromosomal damage or damage to the mitotic apparatus, in the peripheral blood reticulocytes of male and female CD-1 mice when administered by oral gavage up to the maximum recommended dose of 2000 mg/kg. The test item, K21, was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and E. coli strain WP2 uvrA in the absence and presence of metabolic activation when tested up to the limit of cytotoxicity or solubility under the conditions of the test. CONCLUSION K21 could serve as a potent protease inhibitor maintaining the physical and biochemical properties of dental structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Chern Pang
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Division of Clinical Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zalewska EA, Ławicka R, Grygorczuk P, Nowosielska M, Kicman A, Ławicki S. Importance of Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2721. [PMID: 38473967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex condition. Left untreated, it leads to tooth loss and the need for prosthetic treatment. The incidence of periodontitis is steadily increasing, so new methods are being sought to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Among the methods postulated is the determination of concentrations of bioactive compounds which include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are present in various structural elements of the stomatognathic system. The most promising enzyme of this group appears to be metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8). MMP-8 assays are performed in gingival fluid or saliva, and MMP-8 levels have been shown to be higher in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects and correlated with some clinical parameters of the condition and the severity of the disease. In addition, the preliminary usefulness of this enzyme in evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal treatment and doxycycline therapy has been demonstrated. Determination of the active form of MMP-8 (aMMP-8) in oral rinse fluid using off-the-shelf assays shows the highest potential. Despite reports about aMMP-8 and promising data on the role of MMP-8 in periodontal diagnosis, a clear determination of the usefulness of this enzyme requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Ławicka
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Grygorczuk
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowosielska
- Department of Gerostomatology, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kulesza M, Kicman A, Motyka J, Guszczyn T, Ławicki S. Importance of Metalloproteinase Enzyme Group in Selected Skeletal System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17139. [PMID: 38138968 PMCID: PMC10743273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is a dynamic structure that is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the body due to its multidirectional functions, such as its protective, endocrine, or immunological role. Specialized cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are responsible for the remodeling of specific bone structures, which alters the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Imbalances in bone-forming elements lead to the formation and progression of bone diseases. The most important family of enzymes responsible for bone ECM remodeling are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-enzymes physiologically present in the body's tissues and cells. The activity of MMPs is maintained in a state of balance; disruption of their activity is associated with the progression of many groups of diseases, including those of the skeletal system. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MMPs in bone physiology and the pathophysiology of bone tissue and describes their role in specific skeletal disorders. Additionally, this work collects data on the potential of MMPs as bio-markers for specific skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kulesza
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15267 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Motyka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomasz Guszczyn
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Albaqami FF, Althurwi HN, Alharthy KM, Hamad AM, Awartani FA. Rutin Gel with Bone Graft Accelerates Bone Formation in a Rabbit Model by Inhibiting MMPs and Enhancing Collagen Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050774. [PMID: 37242557 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone graft techniques are used to compensate for bone loss in areas with deficient regeneration. However, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) can limit bone formation by degrading extracellular matrices, which are required for bone regrowth. Noteworthily, rutin is a natural flavonoid compound that inhibits the genetic expression of various MMPs. Therefore, rutin may serve as an inexpensive and stable alternative to the growth factors used to accelerate dental bone graft healing. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of mixing rutin gel with allograft bone to accelerate the healing of bone defects in an in vivo rabbit model. Bone defects were surgically induced in New Zealand rabbits (n = 3 per group) and subsequently treated with bone grafts along with rutin or control gel. Overall, treatment with rutin significantly prevented the expression of several MMPs and increased type III collagen in the gingiva around the surgical site. Additionally, rutin-treated animals showed enhanced bone formation with higher bone marrow content in the jawbone defect area compared with the control group. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that rutin gel, when added to bone grafts, quickly enhances bone formation and may serve as a suitable alternative to expensive growth factors for the same purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad F Albaqami
- Postgraduate Doctorate Program, Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan N Althurwi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alharthy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubaker M Hamad
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Al-Madeena Al-Munowara 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin A Awartani
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 52500, Riyadh 11563, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lewis NV, Aggarwal S, Borse NN, Sonawane S, Dhatavkar P, Digholkar R, Agarwal D. The Effect of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Dentin Bonding Agents in Caries Affected Dentin: A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:173-184. [PMID: 37564167 PMCID: PMC10411291 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cause degradation of the dentinal matrix, as they act actively on collagen fibrils, leading to their deterioration and collapse. MMP inhibitors are known to be used for the pre-treatment of human dentin before bonding. Most studies on the MMP inhibitors examined the effect of MMP inhibitors on bonding to sound dentin (SD), but few examine their effect on bonding to caries affected dentin (CAD). This systematic review aims to identify and summarize studies that have applied MMP inhibitors for pre-treatment of CAD, and examine the microtensile bond strength (µTBS), bond durability, and the mode of failure. Materials and Methods A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 785 original articles published between 2010 and 2022 were initially retrieved. Six studies were selected based on predefined inclusion-exclusion criteria, and their outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The methodological quality assessment was performed using a combined checklist that utilizes the reporting criteria mentioned in the checklist for reporting in-vitro studies guidelines and guidelines for reporting pre-clinical in vitro studies on dental materials. Results All six studies included here showed a definitive increase of the µTBS when MMP inhibitors were applied to the CAD. The mode of failure was found to be predominantly adhesive in nature. The deviation in the values of µTBS was approximately 2-5 MPa on immediate and delayed testing. Conclusion MMP-inhibiting agents could be considered for the pretreatment of teeth with CAD as a part of their tooth preparation area, thereby allowing the clinician to retain CAD and bond to the CAD without endangering the vital pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vincent Lewis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shalini Aggarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil N Borse
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India
| | - Shailendra Sonawane
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics SMBT institute of Dental Sciences and Research. Nandi Hills, Dhamangaon-Ghoti, Igatpuri, Nashik, India
| | - Prasanna Dhatavkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rhea Digholkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divyanshi Agarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification of a miRNA Panel with a Potential Determinant Role in Patients Suffering from Periodontitis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2248-2265. [PMID: 36975515 PMCID: PMC10047163 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of microRNA (miRNA) in post-transcriptional gene regulation has advanced and supports strong evidence related to their important role in the regulation of a wide range of fundamental biological processes. Our study focuses on identifying specific alterations of miRNA patterns in periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs altered in patients with periodontitis (n = 3) compared with healthy subjects (n = 5), using microarray technology followed by a validation step by qRT-PCR and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Compared to healthy subjects, 159 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified among periodontitis patients, of which 89 were downregulated, and 70 were upregulated, considering a fold change of ±1.5 as the cut-off value and p ≤ 0.05. Key angiogenic miRNAs (miR-191-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-224-5p, miR-1228-3p) were further validated on a separate cohort of patients with periodontitis versus healthy controls by qRT-PCR, confirming the microarray data. Our findings indicate a periodontitis-specific miRNA expression pattern representing an essential issue for testing new potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for periodontal disease. The identified miRNA profile in periodontal gingival tissue was linked to angiogenesis, with an important molecular mechanism that orchestrates cell fate.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Choi BK, Lee DR. Magnolia kobus Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:538-554. [PMID: 36661522 PMCID: PMC9858207 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of Magnolia kobus extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of Magnolia kobus (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of MKE and magnolin on the mechanism of RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation were determined by analyzing nitric oxide (NO) production and Western blot protein expression (n = 3). MKE/magnolin inhibited NO production without affecting cell survival. MKE/magnolin treatment inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs such as MMP-1, 3, 8, 9, and 13), and protein levels of inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and mPGES-1). MKE/magnolin also suppressed NF-κB activation by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MKE has a therapeutic effect on inflammatory periodontal disease caused by oral bacterium P. gingivalis and that magnolin is a major functional component in the anti-inflammatory effect of MKE.
Collapse
|
10
|
Elgezawi M, Haridy R, Abdalla MA, Heck K, Draenert M, Kaisarly D. Current Strategies to Control Recurrent and Residual Caries with Resin Composite Restorations: Operator- and Material-Related Factors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216591. [PMID: 36362817 PMCID: PMC9657252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the rationale of recurrent and/or residual caries associated with resin composite restorations alongside current strategies and evidence-based recommendations to arrest residual caries and restrain recurrent caries. The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for composite-associated recurrent/residual caries focusing on predisposing factors related to materials and operator’s skills; patient-related factors were out of scope. Recurrent caries and fractures are the main reasons for the failure of resin composites. Recurrent and residual caries are evaluated differently with no exact distinguishment, especially for wall lesions. Recurrent caries correlates to patient factors, the operator’s skills of cavity preparation, and material selection and insertion. Material-related factors are significant. Strong evidence validates the minimally invasive management of deep caries, with concerns regarding residual infected dentin. Promising technologies promote resin composites with antibacterial and remineralizing potentials. Insertion techniques influence adaptation, marginal seal, and proximal contact tightness. A reliable diagnostic method for recurrent or residual caries is urgently required. Ongoing endeavors cannot eliminate recurrent caries or precisely validate residual caries. The operator’s responsibility to precisely diagnose original caries and remaining tooth structure, consider oral environmental conditions, accurately prepare cavities, and select and apply restorative materials are integral aspects. Recurrent caries around composites requires a triad of attention where the operator’s skills are cornerstones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Elgezawi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (D.K.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-59452 (D.K.); Fax: +49-89-4400-59302 (D.K.)
| | - Rasha Haridy
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 4240310, Egypt
| | - Moamen A. Abdalla
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katrin Heck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethe Str. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Draenert
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethe Str. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dalia Kaisarly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethe Str. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (D.K.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-59452 (D.K.); Fax: +49-89-4400-59302 (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|