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Bapat RA, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Pang JC, Lin SL, Khoo SP, Daood U. Newly discovered clouting interplay between matrix metalloproteinases structures and novel quaternary Ammonium K21: computational and in-vivo testing. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 38528501 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyze anti-MMP mode of action of Quaternary Ammonium Silane (QAS, codenamed as k21) by binding onto specific MMP site using computational molecular simulation and Anti-Sortase A (SrtA) mode of action by binding onto specific site using computational molecular simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico Molecular Dynamics (MD) was used to determine the interactions of K21 inside the pocket of the targeted protein (crystal structure of fibroblast collagenase-1 complexed to a diphenyl-ether sulphone based hydroxamic acid; PDB ID: 966C; Crystal structure of MMP-2 active site mutant in complex with APP-derived decapeptide inhibitor. MD simulations were accomplished with the Desmond package in Schrödinger Drug Discovery Suite. Blood samples (~ 0.5 mL) collected into K2EDTA were immediately transferred for further processing using the Litron MicroFlow® PLUS micronucleus analysis kit for mouse blood according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test of K21 Molecule was performed to evaluate K21 and any possible metabolites for their potential to induce point mutations in amino acid-requiring strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (WP2 uvrA (tryptophan-deficient)). RESULTS Molecular Simulation depicted that K21 has a specific pocket binding on various MMPs and SrtA surfaces producing a classical clouting effect. K21 did not induce micronuclei, which are the result of chromosomal damage or damage to the mitotic apparatus, in the peripheral blood reticulocytes of male and female CD-1 mice when administered by oral gavage up to the maximum recommended dose of 2000 mg/kg. The test item, K21, was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and E. coli strain WP2 uvrA in the absence and presence of metabolic activation when tested up to the limit of cytotoxicity or solubility under the conditions of the test. CONCLUSION K21 could serve as a potent protease inhibitor maintaining the physical and biochemical properties of dental structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Chern Pang
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Division of Clinical Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Saxena K, Ann CM, Azwar MABM, Banavar SR, Matinlinna J, Peters OA, Daood U. Effect of strontium fluoride on mechanical and remineralization properties of enamel: An in-vitro study on a modified orthodontic adhesive. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00031-9. [PMID: 38490919 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the ability of strontium fluoride on bond strength and enamel integrity after incorporation within orthodontic adhesive system as a delivery vehicle. METHODS Experimental orthodontic adhesive system Transbond™ XT were modified with 1% Sr2+, 0.5% SrF2, 1% strontium, 0.5% Sr2+, 1% F-, 0.5% F-, and no additions were control. Mixing of formulation was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Small-molecule drug-discovery suite was used to gain insights into Sr2+, F-, and SrF2 binding. Shear bond testing was performed after 6-months of ageing. Enamel blocks were cut, and STEM pictures were recorded. Specimens were indented to evaluate elastic modulus. Raman microscope was used to collect Raman spectra and inspected using a scanning electron microscope. Crystal structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. Effect of material on cellular proliferation was determined. Confocal was performed to evaluate the effect of formulation on biofilms. RESULTS FTIR of modified adhesives depicted peak changes within range due to various functional groups existing within samples. TEM represented structurally optimized hexagonal unit-cell of hydroxyapatite. Mean shear bond strength is recorded highest for Transbond XT with 1% SrF2. Dead bacterial percentage appeared higher in 0.5% SrF2 and 1% F- specimens. Crystal lengths showed an increase in 0.5% and 1% SrF2 specimens. Phase contrast within TEM images showed a union of 0.5% SrF2 crystal with enamel crystal with higher elastic modulus and highly mineralized crystalline hydroxyapatite. Intensity of ν1 PO43- and ν1 CO32- along with carbonate - / ν1PO43- ratio displayed good association with strontium fluoride. The formulation showed acceptable cell biocompatibility (p < 0.353). All specimens displayed characteristic diffraction maxima of different apatite angles within XRD. SIGNIFICANCE Experimental results suggested good biocompatibility, adequate mechanical strength, and far-ranging crystallization ability. This would provide a new strategy to overcome the two major challenges of fixed orthodontics, biofilm growth, and demineralization of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Saxena
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chew Ming Ann
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Masturina Anati Binti Mohd Azwar
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Special Administrative Regions of China; Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Special Administrative Regions of China.
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Rongo C, Prusty B, Baban B, Daood U, Ilyas MS, Kimmerling K. Antimicrobial quaternary ammonium silane K21 promotes wound healing. J Wound Care 2024; 33:S11-S12. [PMID: 38457304 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.sup3.s11a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rongo
- Department of Genetics, Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, US
| | - Bhupesh Prusty
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, US
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bapat RA, Libat R, Yuin OS, Parolia A, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Kay MK, Pichika MR, Saxena K, Seow LL, Sidhu P, Daood U. Antimicrobial FiteBac® K21 promotes antimicrobial Potency and wound healing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19282. [PMID: 37664740 PMCID: PMC10469996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Successful root canal therapy is dependent on the efficacy of complete instrumentation and adequate use of chemical irrigant to eliminate the biofilm from dentin surface. The aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm and antimicrobial effectiveness of newly formulated Quaternary ammonium silane (QAS/also codenamed K21; against Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm on radicular dentin with evaluation of the anti-inflammatory consequence in vivo. Methods Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed after complete hydrolysis of K21 solution. Human teeth were inoculated with biofilms for 7-days followed by treatment with various irrigants. The irrigant groups were Sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl (6%)], Chlorhexidine [CHX (2%)], K21 (0.5%), K21 (1%) and Saline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for biofilm and resin-dentin penetration. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of biofilms was done to evaluate application of K21. For in vivo evaluation, Albino wistar rats were injected subcutaneously and sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin. Macrophage, M1/M2 expression were evaluated along with molecular simulation. Raman measurements were done on dried biofilms. Results FTIR K21 specimens demonstrated presence of ethanol/silanol groups. Raman band at 1359 cm-1 resemble to -CH2- wagging displaying 29Si atoms in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). 0.5%K21 showed cells exhibiting folded membranes. SEM showed staggering amount of resin tags with 0.5% K21 group. TEM showed membrane disruption in K21-groups. K21 groups were initially irritant, which subsided completely afterwards showing increased CD68. K21 and MMP/collagen complex was thermodynamically favourable. Conclusion K21 root canal irrigant was able to penetrate bacterial wall and can serve as a potential irrigant for therapeutic benefits. Expression of M2 polarized subsets showed K21 can serve in resolving inflammation and potentiate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rikan Libat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ong Shu Yuin
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mak Kit Kay
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Imad R, Sheikh Z, Rao Pichika M, Kit-Kay M, Siddiqui RA, Nawaid Shah SN, Banavar S, Matinlinna J, Lin SL, Daood U. Cathepsin-K inhibition enhances anti-cancerous activity within oral squamous cell carcinoma cells: Uncloaking the potency of new K21 formulation. Exp Cell Res 2023:113687. [PMID: 37356748 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of cancer cells to be invasive and metastasize depend on several factors, of which the action of protease activity takes center stage in disease progression. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE To analyze function of new K21 molecule in the invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. MATERIALS & METHODS The Fusobacterium (ATCC 23726) streaks were made, and pellets were resuspended in Cal27 (ATCC CRL-2095) OSCC cell line spheroid cell microplate. Cells were seeded and Lysotracker staining performed for CathepsinK red channel. Cell and morphology were evaluated using Transmission Electron microscopy. Thiobarbituric acid assay was performed. OSCC was analyzed for Mic60. Raman spectra were collected from the cancer cell line. L929 dermal fibroblast cells were used for Scratch Assay. ELISA muti arrays were used for cytokines and matrix molecules. Internalization ability of fibroblast cells were also analyzed. Structure of K21 as a surfactant molecule with best docked poses were presented. RESULTS Decrease in lysosomal staining was observed after 15 and 30 min of 0.1% treatment. Tumor clusters were associated with cell membrane destruction in K21 primed cells. There was functional silencing of Mic60 via K21, especially with 1% concentration with reduced cell migration and invasiveness. Raman intensity differences were seen at 700 cm-1, 1200 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 regions. EVs were detected within presence of fibroblast cells amongst K21 groups. Wound area and wound closure showed the progress of wound healing. CONCLUSION Over expression of CatK can be reduced by a newly developed targeted K21 based drug delivery system leading to reduced migration and adhesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The K21 drug formulation can have great potential for cancer therapies due to targeting and cytotoxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Imad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Applied Oral Sciences & Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mak Kit-Kay
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah
- Department of Anatomy, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Spoorthi Banavar
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; University of Manchester, School of Dentistry, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Qasim SSB, Baskaradoss JK, Mohamed AM, Murray CA, Daood U, Baig MR. The Effect of Nanosilver Sodium Fluoride on the Mechanical and Physiochemical Properties of Artificially Demineralised Dentin. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:199-210. [PMID: 37222556 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesise and characterise nanosilver sodium fluoride (NSSF) and assess the effect of applying this formulation in vitro on artificially demineralised root dentin lesions, compared with the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), sodium fluoride (NAF) or no treatment, in terms of mechanical, chemical and ultrastructural properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS NSSF was prepared using 0.5 wt% chitosan solution. On 40 extracted human molars, the buccal aspect of the cervical thirds of roots were prepared and divided into 4 groups of 10 each: control (no treatment), NSSF, SDF and NaF (n = 10). The specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface and cross-sectional microhardness and nano-indentation tests were performed to determine the mineral and carbonate content, microhardness, and nanohardness, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences between the different treatment groups for the set parameters using parametric and non-parametric tests. Tukey's and Dunnet's T3 post-hoc tests were further used for multiple comparisons between groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS The control group (no treatment) was found to have statistically significantly lower mean scores for surface and cross-sectional microhardness compared with all other test groups (NaF, NSSF and SDF) (p < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation test showed statistically insignificant differences between the mineral-to-matrix ratio (M:M) and carbonate content of all groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of root lesions with NSSF yielded comparable results to SDF and NaF under in-vitro conditions.
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Daood U, Fawzy A. Development of a bioactive dentin adhesive resin modified with magnesium-doped synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105737. [PMID: 36827934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate the development of an experimental multi-mode/Universal resin-based dentin adhesive modified with synthetic Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite crystals (HAp) having self-remineralization and antibiofilm properties. HAp doped with Mg2+ was prepared by the precipitation method. Experimental adhesives were subjected to degree of conversion and X-ray diffraction test for size and crystal structure. Bond strength was tested, and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) imaging of resin-dentin interface was done along with nanoleakage, nanoindentation, confocal and Raman analyses. S. mutans was analysed using CLSM images against modified adhesive specimens. Nucleating abilities within the resin-dentin specimens are determined by measuring Ca2+. Alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, and Ocn transcripts are amplified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). A calcium assay is performed to quantify level of mineralisation. When compared to control adhesives, the 0.5% Hap/Mg2+ containing experimental dentin adhesive demonstrated improved interaction with dentin. The preservation of uniform intact hybrid layer with the absence of nanoleakage indicated dentin bond integrity with 0.5% HAP/Mg2+ modified adhesive. Self-remineralization and antibiofilm potentials are supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Mahdi SS, Yaqoob R, Allana R, Batteneni G, Sakina S, Agha D, Andiesta NS, Babar MG, Ahmed Z, Daood U. Monkeypox resurgence and its implications for Dentistry - A scoping review. Ig Sanita Pubbl 2023; 80:49-59. [PMID: 37154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monkeypox caused by the Monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is currently considered a major concern among healthcare authorities due to its high transmissibility rate. Currently, no specific treatment is available for this disease, due to which healthcare professionals, specifically Dentists, are required to look out for symptoms at early stages to prevent its spread. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of dentists in identifying Monkeypox cases and limiting its spread. METHODS We conducted a scoping review on monkeypox and its oral manifestation. PRISMA protocols were observed in data collection. The relevant literature search was conducted in relevant databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Relevant articles related to Monkeypox, and Dentistry were included in the final review. Articles published from March 2022- September 2022 were included in the review. Keywords and Mesh words related to monkeypox, and dentistry were used as part of the search strategy. RESULTS A total of 1881 articles were reviewed, among which 7 articles were included. Dentists were strongly advised to be on high alert for Monkeypox symptoms due to their close contact with patients. Around 70% of Monkeypox cases reported oral lesions at early stages, which requires a differential diagnosis from other oral lesions. Considering this, dentists should be well-versed in this new and emerging threat. CONCLUSION Although dentists have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of monkeypox, there is insufficient data available. More research on dentistry and monkeypox will be needed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Athena center for Advanced Research in Healthcare, Camerino, Italy Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rabeea Yaqoob
- Sohail University, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Department of Community Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Allana
- Department of Paediatric & Child Health, Aga Khan University Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Gopi Batteneni
- The clinical research center, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Syeda Sakina
- Athena center for Advanced Research in Healthcare, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniyal Agha
- Sohail University, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Department of Community Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Niekla Survia Andiesta
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muneer Gohar Babar
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zohaib Ahmed
- Research member New York Chapter NYHDA , USA. College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Eusufzai SZ, Barman A, Jamayet NB, Ahmad WMAW, Mahdi SS, Sheikh Z, Daood U. Effects of Riboflavin Collagen Crosslinker on Dentin Adhesive Bonding Efficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1701. [PMID: 36837334 PMCID: PMC9963098 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate published data regarding riboflavin (RF) as a cross-linker for improved adhesive bond strength to dentin and to analyze previous studies for optimal concentration of riboflavin range suitable for dentin bond. Saliva and distilled water were used as storage media and aging time was 24 h and 6 months. Results of meta-analysis were synthesized using a statistical method of inverse variance in random effects with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Cochrane review manager 5.4.1 was used to determine results of the meta-analysis. In total, 3172 articles were found from search databases "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Google Scholar". Six of the fifteen studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Micro tensile strength shows significant improvement with the addition of riboflavin (p < 0.05) compared to without the addition of riboflavin from with 95% CI. A significant difference has been found in micro tensile bond strength between use of the riboflavin cross-linker and without use of the riboflavin crosslinker in the dentin adhesive system. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the I2 for micro tensile strength was 89% with strong heterogeneity, Chi2 = 44.76, df = 5 (p < 0.00001), and overall effect size is Z = 2.22 (p = 0.03) after immediate aging. Chiang et al. 2013 shows maximum mean differences which is 38.50 [17.93-59.07]. After 6 months of aging in distilled water or artificial saliva micro tensile bond strength has been increased with the addition of riboflavin (p < 0.05). It can be clearly seen that pooled effect and 95% CI did not cross the line of no effect. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the I2 for micro tensile strength was 96% with strong heterogeneity, Chi2 = 117.56, df = 5 (p < 0.00001), and overall effect size is Z = 2.30 (p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis proved a similar effect of distilled water and artificial saliva as storage media on micro tensile bond strength after incorporating riboflavin as a collagen crosslinker. An artificial saliva aged forest plot also showed considerable heterogeneity with I2 = 96%; Tau2 = 257.32; Chi2 = 94.37; df = 2 (p < 0.00001); test for overall effect, Z = 1.06 (p = 0.29). Riboflavin prior to or with bonding is recommended to improve the bonding of different adhesive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Zabin Eusufzai
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Aparna Barman
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Bapat RA, Parolia A, Chaubal T, Yang HJ, Kesharwani P, Phaik KS, Lin SL, Daood U. Recent Update on Applications of Quaternary Ammonium Silane as an Antibacterial Biomaterial: A Novel Drug Delivery Approach in Dentistry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927282. [PMID: 36212832 PMCID: PMC9539660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium silane [(QAS), codename – k21] is a novel biomaterial developed by sol-gel process having broad spectrum antimicrobial activities with low cytotoxicity. It has been used in various concentrations with maximum antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility. The antimicrobial mechanism is displayed via contact killing, causing conformational changes within the bacterial cell membrane, inhibiting Sortase-A enzyme, and causing cell disturbances due to osmotic changes. The compound can attach to S1' pockets on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to massive MMP enzyme inhibition, making it one of the most potent protease inhibitors. Quaternary ammonium silane has been synthesized and used in dentistry to eliminate the biofilm from dental tissues. QAS has been tested for its antibacterial activity as a cavity disinfectant, endodontic irrigant, restorative and root canal medication, and a nanocarrier for drug delivery approaches. The review is first of its kind that aims to discuss applications of QAS as a novel antibacterial biomaterial for dental applications along with discussions on its cytotoxic effects and future prospects in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tanay Chaubal
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ho Jan Yang
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Khoo Suan Phaik
- Division of Clinical Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Umer Daood
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Hardan L, Daood U, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Devoto W, Zarow M, Jakubowicz N, Zamarripa-Calderón JE, Radwanski M, Orsini G, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Effect of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentin Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152417. [PMID: 35954261 PMCID: PMC9368291 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role of crosslinking agents in the resin–dentin bond strength (BS) when used as modifiers in adhesives or pretreatments to the dentin surface through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This paper was conducted according to the directions of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The research question of this review was: “Would the use of crosslinkers agents improve the BS of resin-based materials to dentin?” The literature search was conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that reported the effect on the BS after the use of crosslinking agents were included. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager v5.4.1. The comparisons were performed by comparing the standardized mean difference between the BS values obtained using the crosslinker agent or the control group. The subgroup comparisons were performed based on the adhesive strategy used (total-etch or self-etch). The immediate and long-term data were analyzed separately. A total of 50 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, while 45 articles were considered for the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that pretreatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), carbodiimide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutaraldehyde, and riboflavin crosslinking agents improved the long-term BS of resin composites to dentin (p ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, the use of proanthocyanidins as a pretreatment improved both the immediate and long-term BS values (p ≤ 0.02). When incorporated within the adhesive formulation, only glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS to dentin. It could be concluded that the application of different crosslinking agents such as carbodiimide, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS of adhesive systems to dentin. This effect was observed when these crosslinkers were used as a separate step and when incorporated within the formulation of the adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
| | | | - Maciej Zarow
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalia Jakubowicz
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Juan Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Chair of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Giovana Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
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Daood U, Sidhu P, Jamayet NB, Kohli S, Malik NA, Lin SL, Blum IR, Lynch CD, Wilson NHF. Current and future trends in the teaching of removable partial dentures in dental schools in Malaysia: A cross sectional study. J Dent 2022; 124:104225. [PMID: 35842010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate, using a validated questionnaire, the teaching of removable partial dentures (RPDs) in dental schools of Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A validated questionnaire to investigating trends in the teaching of RPDs in dental schools in Oceania was emailed (in English version form) to Heads of Restorative/Prosthodontics/course coordinators in the 13 dental schools in Malaysia. Follow-up reminders were sent and participants were given six weeks to complete and return the questionnaire. Data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and results compiled and analyzed. RESULTS Completed questionnaires were received from 13 dental school - a 100% response rate. All schools (n = 13) provided a preclinical technical course in RPD design. In most schools (n = 9, 69.2%), course work was supervised by senior lecturers while rest of the institutions made use of associate professor/professors. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between dental schools in terms of the contact hours dedicated to preclinical teaching. Students received an average of 62 h of instruction. Didactic instruction was the primary focus with practical (78 h) and didactic teaching (32 h). All dental schools (n = 13) provided practical surveyor design teaching (8 h). The staff student ratio for formal lectures (1:61), tutorials (1:29) and lab demonstrations (1:12) were recorded. Majority of the schools (n = 11, 84.6%) employed paired teaching in clinical sessions. All schools (n = 13, 100%) emphasized on increased teaching of RPD design and prescription writing in future clinical RPD courses. CONCLUSION Teaching of RPDs in Malaysia may be considered sufficient and comparable to the teaching in other parts of the world. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Whilst the teaching of partial dentures at Dental Schools in Malaysia provides the core competencies involved in partial denture design and construction based on sound fundamental, scientific principles they should address the challenges of teaching partial dentures and other areas of dental education including improving working conditions for dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shivani Kohli
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Igor R Blum
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RW, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Daood U, Ilyas MS, Ashraf M, Akbar M, Bapat RA, Khan AS, Pichika MR, Parolia A, Seow LL, Khoo SP, Yiu C. Biochemical changes and macrophage polarization of a silane-based endodontic irrigant in an animal model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6354. [PMID: 35428859 PMCID: PMC9012771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm-1 existed in all with variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization for ethnopharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ashraf
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Akbar
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Division of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Bapat RA, Muthusamy SK, Sidhu P, Mak K, Parolia A, Pichika MR, Seow LL, Tong C, Daood U. Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self‐Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A Hybrid Formulation for 3D Printing. Macromol Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202270009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Steier L, Sidhu P, Qasim SS, Mahdi SS, Daood U. Visualization of Initial Bacterial Colonization on Dentin Using Fluorescence Activating headlight for Fluorescence Enhanced Theragnosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Daood U, Bapat R, Muthusamy S, Sidhu P, Mak KK, Parolia A, Pichika M, Seow L, Cao T. Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self-Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A hybrid formulation for 3D Printing. Dent Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bapat RA, Muthusamy SK, Sidhu P, Mak KK, Parolia A, Pichika MR, Seow LL, Tong C, Daood U. Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self-Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A Hybrid Formulation for 3D Printing. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100326. [PMID: 34870895 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel 3D-biomaterial scaffold is constructed having a combination of a new quaternary ammonium silane (k21) antimicrobial impregnated in 3D collagen printed scaffolds cross linked with Riboflavin in presence of d-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethyleneglycol)-1000-succinate. Groups of "0.1% and 0.2% k21", and "0.1% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)" are prepared. k21/CHX with neutralized collagen is printed with BioX. Riboflavin is photo-activated and examined using epifluorescence for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (7-days). Collagen is examined using TEM and measured for porosity, and shape-fitting. Raman and tandem mass/solid-state are performed with molecular-docking and circular-dichroism. X-ray diffractions, rheological tests, contact angle, and ninhydrin assay are conducted. k21 samples demonstrated collagen aggregates while 0.1% CHX and 0.2% CHX showed irregularities. Porosity of control and "0.1% and 0.2% k21" scaffolds show no differences. Low contact angle, improved elastic-modulus, rigidity, and smaller strain in k21 groups are seen. Bacteria are reduced and strong organic intensities are seen in k21 scaffolds. Simulation shows hydrophobicity/electrostatic interaction. Crosslinking is observed in 0.2% CHX/79% and 0.2% k21/80%. Circular dichroism for k21 are suggestive of triple helix. XRD patterns appear at d = 5.97, 3.03, 2.78, 2.1, and 2.90 A°. 3D-printing of collagen impregnated with quaternary ammonium silane produces a promising scaffold with antimicrobial potency and structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Senthil Kumar Muthusamy
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cao Tong
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bijle MN, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Parolia A, Babar MG, Yiu C, Daood U. Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216605. [PMID: 34771014 PMCID: PMC8586951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation's effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.R.P.); (K.-K.M.)
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.R.P.); (K.-K.M.)
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Clinical Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Muneer Gohar Babar
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (U.D.); Tel.: +852-2859-0256 (C.Y.); +60-11-5166-4374 (U.D.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (U.D.); Tel.: +852-2859-0256 (C.Y.); +60-11-5166-4374 (U.D.)
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Daood U, Bapat RA, Sidhu P, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Nagendrababu V, Peters OA. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of k21-E in root canal disinfection. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1511-1528. [PMID: 34420798 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current project was to study the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly developed irrigant, k21/E against E. faecalis biofilm. METHODS Root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into the following groups: irrigation with saline, 6% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), 6% NaOCl+2% CHX (Chlorhexidine), 2% CHX, 0.5% k21/E (k21 - quaternary ammonium silane) and 1% k21/E. E. faecalis were grown (3-days) (1×107CFU mL-1), treated, and further cultured for 11-days. Specimens were subjected to SEM, confocal and Raman analysis and macrophage vesicles characterized along with effect of lipopolysaccharide treatment. 3T3 mouse-fibroblasts were cultured for alizarin-red with Sortase-A active sites and Schrödinger docking was performed. TEM analysis of root dentin substrate with matrix metalloproteinases profilometry was also included. A cytotoxic test analysis for cell viability was measured by absorbance of human dental pulp cells after exposure to different irrigant solutions for 24h. The test percentages have been highlighted in Table 1. RESULTS Among experimental groups, irrigation with 0.5% k21/E showed phase separation revealing significant bacterial reduction and lower phenylalanine 1003cm-1 and Amide III 1245cm-1 intensities. Damage was observed on bacterial cell membrane after use of k21/E. No difference in exosomes distribution between control and 0.5%k21/E was observed with less TNFα (*p<0.05) and preferential binding of SrtA. TEM images demonstrated integrated collagen fibers in control and 0.5%k21/E specimens and inner bacterial membrane damage after k21/E treatment. The k21 groups appeared to be biocompatible to the dental pulpal cells grown for 24h. SIGNIFICANCE Current investigations highlight potential advantages of 0.5% k21/E as irrigation solution for root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia; Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bhatia S, Nagendrababu V, Peters OA, Fawzy A, Daood U. Author Correction: Evaluation of usage-induced degradation of different endodontic file systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16015. [PMID: 34341381 PMCID: PMC8329218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Bhatia
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Daood U, Aati S, Akram Z, Yee J, Yong C, Parolia A, Lin Seow L, Fawzy AS. Characterization of multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and tooth dentin: the effect on matrix-metalloproteinases, bacterial biofilms and biological properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5344-5358. [PMID: 34190236 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and dentin collagen and associated matrix-metalloproteinases, in addition to the analysis of the effect of HIFU on bacterial biofilms and biological properties. Dentin specimens were subjected to 5, 10 or 20 s HIFU. XPS spectra were acquired and TEM was performed on dentin slabs. Collagen orientation was performed using Raman spectroscopy. Calcium measurements in human dental pulpal cells (hDPCs) were carried out after 7 and 14 days. For macrophages, CD36+ and CD163+ were analysed. Biofilms were analyzed using CLSM. Tandem mass spectroscopy was performed for the detection of hydroxyproline sequences along with human MMP-2 quantification. Phosphorus, calcium, and nitrogen were detected in HIFU specimens. TEM images demonstrated the collagen network appearing to be fused together in the HIFU 10 and 20 s specimens. The band associated with 960 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching ν1 PO43-. The control specimens showed intensive calcium staining followed by HIFU 20 s > HIFU 10 s > HIFU 5 s specimens. Macrophages in the HIFU specimens co-expressed CD80+ and CD163+ cells. CLSM images showed the HIFU treatment inhibiting bacterial growth. SiteScore propensity determined the effect of HIFU on the binding site with a higher DScore representing better site exposure on MMPs. Multiscale mapping of dentin collagen after HIFU treatment showed no deleterious alterations on the organic structure of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Joyce Yee
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Celine Yong
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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Mahdi SS, Ahmed Z, Allana R, Amenta F, Agha D, Latif MW, Daood U, Mehanna C. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Dental Assistants regarding Dental Asepsis and Sterilization in the Dental Workplace. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5574536. [PMID: 34221016 PMCID: PMC8225430 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out. A 27-item prepilot tested close-ended questionnaire was designed and administered online to collect data on knowledge of asepsis, sterilization, instrument handling, disinfection, hand-hygiene practices, dental practice, age, education, and experience level from March 2020 to June 2020. RESULTS Out of 70 dental assistants, the majority were aged between 21 and 29 years (44.30%), more than two-thirds (85.41%) of the dental assistants were working in a hospital, while 14.29% were working in private clinics, only 7.1% had a diploma in the dental assistant program, and 74% had more than 2 years of experience in practice. Dental assistants working in private practice (76.30) had a higher mean knowledge scores compared to those working in hospital (74.25), while those with less than 2 years of experience (75.61) had a higher scores compared to those with 2-5 years of experience (73.96). CONCLUSION Better compliance with recommended infection control and waste management practices is needed for all dental assistants. Continuing education programs targeting such awareness are vital to improve the management of hazardous waste practices among dental assistants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- Athena Centre for Advanced Research in Health Care, Camerino, Italy
| | - Zohaib Ahmed
- Dental Public Health Graduate, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Raheel Allana
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniyal Agha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Wasay Latif
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Carina Mehanna
- Postgraduate Program Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Daood U, Yiu C, Burrow MF, Niu LN, Tay FR. Corrigendum to "Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant on durability of resin-dentine bond" [J. Dent. 60 (2017) 77-86]. J Dent 2021; 111:103696. [PMID: 34144274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | | | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - F R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Banavar SR, Rawal SY, Pulikkotil SJ, Daood U, Paterson IC, Davamani FA, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Khoo SP, Tan EL. 3D Clumps/Extracellular Matrix Complexes of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Ameliorate the Attenuating Effects of LPS on Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential. J Pers Med 2021; 11:528. [PMID: 34207600 PMCID: PMC8227185 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) of MSCs have been frequently studied. OBJECTIVE to compare the effects of LPS on periodontal-ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) in monolayer and 3D culture. METHODS The PDLSCs were colorimetrically assessed for proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) after LPS treatment. The 3D cells were manually prepared by scratching and allowing them to clump up. The clumps (C-MSCs) were treated with LPS and assessed for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and OP. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze calcium salts, DNA, and proline/hydroxyproline. Multiplexed ELISA was performed to assess LPS induced local inflammation. RESULTS The proliferation of PDLSCs decreased with LPS. On Day 28, LPS-treated cells showed a reduction in their OP. C-MSCs with LPS did not show a decrease in ATP production. Principal bands identified in Raman analysis were the P-O bond at 960 cm-1 of the mineral component, 785 cm-1, and 855 cm-1 showing qualitative changes in OP, proliferation, and proline/hydroxyproline content, respectively. ELISA confirmed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 but with the absence of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that C-MSCs are more resistant to the effects of LPS than cells in monolayer cell culture. Though LPS stimulation of C-MSCs creates an early pro-inflammatory milieu by secreting IL-6 and IL-8, PDLSCs possess inactivated TNF promoter and an ineffective caspase-1 activating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Swati Yeshwant Rawal
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Dental Academy, 1-6-2 Higashiyanagi, Kudamatsu City 744-0017, Japan;
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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Daood U, Malik AA, Ilyas MS, Ahmed A, Qasim SSB, Banavar SR, Khan AS, Kuan EKS, Bilal S, Matinlinna J, Seow LL. Antimicrobial and self-crosslinking potential of experimentally developed dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide and riboflavin dentin adhesive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2392-2406. [PMID: 34018311 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate a new formulation, based on dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide (QA) and riboflavin (RF), combining antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities in a rabbit model. Quaternary ammonium riboflavin (QARF) experimental adhesives modified with dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide and riboflavin were bonded (0.5/1.0/2.0%) to rabbit dentin to investigate for pulpal-histology, interfacial-morphology, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties, collagen crosslinking, micro-Raman analysis, antimicrobial, and anti-protease activities. Collagen type-I molecules were generated using molecular-docking. Odontoblasts appeared with normal histology, were seen in controls with no inflammatory cells detected in 0.5% specimens at day 7 and mild inflammatory response at day 30. In QARF 2.0%, inflammatory cells were not detected at day 7 and 30 (p < .05). Dentinal tubules are seen with intact collagen surface in 1% specimens. Resin penetrated inside 1% adhesive specimens with few irregularly funnel-shaped tags. Transmission electron microscopy showed thinner collagen in all specimens except 1% QARF specimens. Biofilms were influenced by QARF adhesives. Elastic moduli were significantly higher in 1.0% and 2.0% QARF adhesive specimens with a significant increase in total crosslinks. Stable amide groups with anti-protease activity was observed in QARF groups. Charged residues were seen in the triple helix hCOL3A1, Gly489-Gly510 after stabilisation with formulation. The 1% QARF modified adhesives improved biochemical and biomechanical properties of rabbit dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Asrar Ahmed
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Kok Sook Kuan
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Department of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kok ESK, Lim XJ, Chew SX, Ong SF, See LY, Lim SH, Wong LA, Davamani F, Nagendrababu V, Fawzy A, Daood U. Quaternary ammonium silane (k21) based intracanal medicament triggers biofilm destruction. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33711992 PMCID: PMC7953794 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compare antimicrobial efficacy of a quarternary ammonium silane (QAS)/k21 as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms formed on root dentin. METHODOLOGY Dentin blocks were sterilized and E. faecalis and C. albicans microbial colonies were counted for colony-forming-units against 2%k21, 2%CHX and Ca(OH)2 medicaments. Biofilm colonies after 7 days on dentin were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead bacterial viability staining. TEM was done to study dentin collagen matrix. Dentin discs from 3rd day and 7th day well plate was used for Raman spectra and observed under fluorescent-microscope. Docking studies were carried out on MMP-2 S1 binding-domain with k21. RESULTS There was reduction of E. faecalis/C. albicans when k21, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide were used with highest percentage in 2%k21 treated specimens. 2%k21 showed dense and regular collagen network with intact cross-banding and decreased Raman intensity for 2%k21 on 3rd day. NaOCl + k21 showed least adherence, whereas saline groups showed highest adherence of E. faecalis and C. albicans to root-canal dentin. Alizarin red staining of hDPSCs revealed calcium deposition in all groups with significant difference seen amongst 2%k21 groups. MMP-2 ligand binding was seen accurately indicating possible target sites for k21 intervention. CONCLUSION 2%k21 can be considered as alternative intracanal medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sook Kuan Kok
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xian Jin Lim
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Xiong Chew
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Fen Ong
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lok Yin See
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siao Hua Lim
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling Ang Wong
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Schoolof Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Akram Z, Daood U, Aati S, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Formulation of pH-sensitive chlorhexidine-loaded/mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified experimental dentin adhesive. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2021; 122:111894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bourgi R, Daood U, Bijle MN, Fawzy A, Ghaleb M, Hardan L. Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:704. [PMID: 33652596 PMCID: PMC7956770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic biodegradation of demineralized collagen fibrils could lead to the reduction of resin-dentin bond strength. Therefore, methods that provide protection to collagen fibrils appear to be a pragmatic solution to improve bond strength. Thus, the study's aim was to investigate the effect of ribose (RB) on demineralized resin-dentin specimens in a modified universal adhesive. Dentin specimens were obtained, standardized and then bonded in vitro with a commercial multi-mode adhesive modified with 0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% RB, restored with resin composite, and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) after storage for 24 h in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze resin-dentin interface. Contact angles were analyzed using a contact angle analyzer. Depth of penetration of adhesives and nanoleakage were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and silver tracing. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger small-molecule drug discovery suite 2019-4. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin-K activities in RB-treated specimens were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Incorporation of RB at 1% or 2% is of significant potential (p < 0.05) as it can be associated with improved wettability on dentin surfaces (0.5% had the lowest contact angle) as well as appreciable hybrid layer quality, and higher resin penetration. Improvement of the adhesive bond strength was shown when adding RB at 1% concentration to universal adhesive (p < 0.05). Modified adhesive increased the resistance of collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP-2 and cathepsin-K. A higher RB concentration was associated with improved results (p < 0.01). D-ribose showed favorable negative binding to collagen. In conclusion, universal adhesive using 1% or 2% RB helped in maintaining dentin collagen scaffold and proved to be successful in improving wettability, protease inhibition, and stability of demineralized dentin substrates. A more favorable substrate is created which, in turn, leads to a more stable dentin-adhesive bond. This could lead to more advantageous outcomes in a clinical scenario where a stable bond may result in longevity of the dental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Maroun Ghaleb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
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Fu C, Deng S, Koneski I, Awad M, Akram Z, Matinlinna J, Pichika MR, Daood U, Fawzy A. Multiscale in-vitro analysis of photo-activated riboflavin incorporated in an experimental universal adhesive. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mahdi SS, Ahmed Z, Allana R, Peretti A, Amenta F, Nadeem Bijle M, Seow LL, Daood U. Pivoting Dental Practice Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:E644. [PMID: 33255716 PMCID: PMC7761202 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aims of this systematic review were to identify additional infection control measures implemented in dental practice globally to prevent cross-infection and evaluate the psychological impacts of the pandemic among dental professionals. Materials and Methods: A sequential systematic literature search was conducted from December 2019 to 30 April 2020 through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The search yielded the following results: "COVID-19" (n = 12,137), "Novel corona virus" (n = 63), "COVID-19 and dentistry" (n = 46), "COVID-19 and oral health" (n = 41), "Novel Corona virus and Dentistry" (n = 0), "dental health and Novel Coronavirus" (n = 26), and "dental practice and Novel Coronavirus" (n = 6). Results: After a careful review and eliminating articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final review included 13 articles. Management of infection control is discussed extensively in the literature and remains the main theme of many Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) articles on dentistry. Telephone triage using a questionnaire, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) for clinical and nonclinical staff, a preprocedural mouth rinse, and aerosol management have been discussed and implemented in few countries. Three studies recommended that elective treatments for patients with a temperature of >100.4 F or 38 °C should be postponed or performed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) or negative-pressure room. Limiting the number of patients in the waiting area, the removal of shared objects, proper ventilation, and physical distancing were highly recommended. Psychological distress among dental professionals in relation to existing medical conditions and self-efficacy has been discussed. Conclusions: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the dental profession worldwide, our review highlights many practice management approaches to adopt the new norm. More research highlighting evidence-based safety practices and multisectoral collaboration is required to help dental professionals make informed decisions and make the profession safe, both for the patient and dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Tele Pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Zohaib Ahmed
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Raheel Allana
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Alessandro Peretti
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Tele Pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Tele Pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.L.S.); (U.D.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.L.S.); (U.D.)
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Daood U, Parolia A, Matinlinna J, Yiu C, Ahmed HMA, Fawzy A. Properties of a modified quaternary ammonium silane formulation as a potential root canal irrigant in endodontics. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e386-e402. [PMID: 33010944 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate a new modified quaternary ammonium silane irrigant solution for its antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanical properties of dentine substrate. METHODS Root canal preparation was performed using stainless steel K-files™ and F4 size protaper with irrigation protocols of 6% NaOCl + 2% CHX; 3.5% QIS; 2% QIS and sterile saline. Biofilms were prepared using E. faecalis adjusted and allowed to grow for 3 days, treated with irrigants, and allowed to grow for 7 days. AFM was performed and surface free energy calculated. MC3T3 cells were infected with endo irrigant treated E. faecalis biofilms. Raman spectroscopy of biofilms were performed after bacterial re-growth on root dentine and exposed to different irrigation protocols and collagen fibers analysed collagen fibers using TEM. Antimicrobial potency against E. faecalis biofilms and cytoxicity against 3T3 NIH cells were also. Resin penetration and MitoTracker green were also evaluated for sealer penetration and mitochondrial viability. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis and post-hoc Fisher's least-significant difference. RESULTS Elastic moduli were maintained amongst control (5.5 ± 0.9) and 3.5% QIS (4.4 ± 1.1) specimens with surface free energy higher in QIS specimens. MC3T3 cells showed reduced viability in 6%NaOCl+2%CHX specimens compared to QIS specimens. DNA/purine were expressed in increased intensities in control and 6% NaOCl + 2% CHX specimens with bands around 480-490 cm-1 reduced in QIS specimens. 3.5% QIS specimens showed intact collagen fibrillar network and predominantly dead bacterial cells in confocal microscopy. 3.5% QIS irrigant formed a thin crust-type surface layer with cytoplasmic extensions of 3T3NIH spread over root dentine. Experiments confirmed MitoTracker accumulation in 3.5% treated cells. SIGNIFICANCE Novel QIS root canal irrigant achieved optimum antimicrobial protection inside the root canals facilitating a toxic effect against the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Root dentine substrates exhibited optimum mechanical properties and there was viability of fibroblastic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Qasim SSB, Nogueira LP, Fawzy AS, Daood U. Correction to: the Effect of Cross-Linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:250. [PMID: 32875436 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct spelling of the second author's name is Liebert Parreiras Nogueira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Univer-sity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, PO-Box 24923, 11310, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 MonashAvenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, Restorative Division, School of Den-tistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
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Daood U, Matinlinna JP, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Nagendrababu V, Fawzy AS. A quaternary ammonium silane antimicrobial triggers bacterial membrane and biofilm destruction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10970. [PMID: 32620785 PMCID: PMC7335202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) exposure on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial biofilms at different concentrations. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms were cultured on dentine disks, and incubated for bacterial adhesion for 3-days. Disks were treated with disinfectant (experimental QAS or control) and returned to culture for four days. Small-molecule drug discovery-suite was used to analyze QAS/Sortase-A active site. Cleavage of a synthetic fluorescent peptide substrate, was used to analyze inhibition of Sortase-A. Raman spectroscopy was performed and biofilms stained for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Dentine disks that contained treated dual-species biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis of DAPI within biofilms was performed using CLSM. Fatty acids in bacterial membranes were assessed with succinic-dehydrogenase assay along with time-kill assay. Sortase-A protein underwent conformational change due to QAS molecule during simulation, showing fluctuating alpha and beta strands. Spectroscopy revealed low carbohydrate intensities in 1% and 2% QAS. SEM images demonstrated absence of bacterial colonies after treatment. DAPI staining decreased with 1% QAS (p < 0.05). Fatty acid compositions of dual specie biofilm increased in both 1% and 2% QAS specimens (p < 0.05). Quaternary ammonium silane demonstrated to be a potent antibacterial cavity disinfectant and a plaque inhibitor and can be of potential significance in eliminating caries-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Malikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Daood U, Omar H, Qasim S, Nogueira LP, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Steier L, Cky Y, Lin SL, Fawzy AS. New antimicrobial and collagen crosslinking formulated dentin adhesive with improved bond durability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103927. [PMID: 32957222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we describe a novel formulation, based on quaternary ammonium (QA) and riboflavin (RF), which combines antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities, was investigated. METHODS Experimental adhesives modified with different fractions of dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide quaternary ammonium and riboflavin (QARF) were formulated. Dentine specimens were bonded to resincomposites with control or the experimental adhesives to be evaluated for bond strength, interfacial morphology, micro-Raman analysis, nano-CT and nano-leakage expression. In addition, the antibacterial and biocompatibilities of the experimental adhesives were investigated. The endogenous proteases activities and their molecular binding-sites were studied. RESULTS Modifying the experimental adhesives with QARF did not adversely affect micro-tensile bond strength or the degree of conversion along with the demonstration of anti-proteases and antibacterial abilities with acceptable biocompatibilities. In general, all experimental adhesives demonstrated favourable bond strength with increased and improved values in 1% QARF adhesive at 24 h (39.2 ± 3.0 MPa) and following thermocycling (34.8 ± 4.3 MPa). SIGNIFICANCE It is possible to conclude that the use of QARF with defined concentration can maintain bond strength values when an appropriate protocol is used and have contributed in ensuring a significant decrease in microbial growth of biofilms. Incorporation of 1% QARF in the experimental adhesive lead to simultaneous antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic effects with low cytotoxic effects, acceptable bond strength and interfacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hanan Omar
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health (MOSDOH) - ATSU, USA
| | - Saad Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O Box - 24923, Kuwait; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liebert P Nogueira
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O Box - 24923, Kuwait; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liviu Steier
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yiu Cky
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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Qasim SSB, Nogueria LP, Fawzy AS, Daood U. The Effect of Cross-linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:173. [PMID: 32548717 PMCID: PMC7297839 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative strategies for periodontal regeneration have been the focus of research clusters across the globe for decades. In order to overcome the drawbacks of currently available options, investigators have suggested a novel concept of functionally graded membrane (FGM) templates with different structural and morphological gradients. Chitosan (CH) has been used in the past for similar purpose. However, the composite formulation of composite and tetracycline when cross-linked with glutaraldehyde have received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the drug loading and release characteristics of novel freeze gelated chitosan templates at different percentages of glutaraldehyde. These were cross-linked with 0.1 and 1% glutaraldehyde and loaded with doxycycline hyclate. The electron micrographs depicted porous morphology of neat templates. After cross-linking, these templates showed compressed ultrastructures. Computerized tomography analysis showed that the templates had 88 to 92% porosity with average pore diameter decreased from 78 to 44.9 μm with increasing concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed alterations in the glycosidic segment of chitosan fingerprint region which after drug loading showed a dominant doxycycline spectral composite profile. Interestingly, swelling profile was not affected by cross-linking either at 0.1 and 1% glutaraldehyde and template showed a swelling ratio of 80%, which gained equilibrium after 15 min. The drug release pattern also showed a 40 μg/mL of release after 24 h. These doxycycline-loaded templates show their tendency to be used in a functionally graded membrane facing the defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, PO-Box 24923, 11310, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Qasim SSB, Zafar MS, Niazi FH, Alshahwan M, Omar H, Daood U. Functionally graded biomimetic biomaterials in dentistry: an evidence-based update. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2020; 31:1144-1162. [PMID: 32202207 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1744289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Design and development of novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate lost tissue structure and function is a serious clinical hurdle for researchers. Traditionally, much of the research is dedicated in optimising properties of scaffolds. Current synthetic biomaterials remain rudimentary in comparison to their natural counterparts. The ability to incorporate biologically inspired elements into the design of synthetic materials has advanced with time. Recent reports suggest that functionally graded material mimicking the natural tissue morphology can have a more exaggerated response on the targeted tissue. The aim of this review is to deliver an overview of the functionally graded concept with respect to applications in clinical dentistry. A comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal arrangement in fields of restorative, prosthodontics, periodontics, orthodontics and oral surgery is presented. Different processing techniques have been adapted to achieve such gradients ranging from additive manufacturing (three dimensional printing/rapid prototyping) to conventional techniques of freeze gelation, freeze drying, electrospinning and particulate leaching. The scope of employing additive manufacturing technique as a reliable and predictable tool for the design and accurate reproduction of biomimetic templates is vast by any measure. Further research in the materials used and refinement of the synthesis techniques will continue to expand the frontiers of functionally graded membrane based biomaterials application in the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad Bin Qasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alshahwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Omar
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
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Daood U, Fawzy AS. Minimally invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) improves dentine remineralization with hydroxyapatite nanorods. Dent Mater 2020; 36:456-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Daood U, Sauro S, Pichika MR, Omar H, Liang Lin S, Fawzy AS. Novel riboflavin/VE-TPGS modified universal dentine adhesive with superior dentine bond strength and self-crosslinking potential. Dent Mater 2019; 36:145-156. [PMID: 31818524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To modify a universal dentine adhesive with different concentrations of riboflavin and D-Alpha 1000 Succinate polyethylene (VE-TPGS) as a chemical enhancer and to assess the micro-tensile bond strength (24h/12 months), determine resin penetration, measurement of intermolecular interactions and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental adhesive system based on bis-GMA, HEMA and hydrophobic monomer was doped with RF0.125 (RF - Riboflavin) or RF/VE-TPGS (0.25/0.50) and submitted to μTBS evaluation. Resin dentine slabs were prepared and examined using SEM and TEM. Adhesion force was analysed on ends of AFM cantilevers deflection. Quenched peptide assays were performed using fluorescence scanner and wavelengths set to 320nm and 405nm. Cytotoxicity was assessed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell line. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Schrödinger small-molecule drug discovery suite 2018-2. Data from viable cell results was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Bond strength values were analysed by two-way ANOVA. Nonparametric results were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test at a 0.05 significance level. RESULTS RF/VE-TPGS0.25 groups showed highest bond strength results after 24-h storage in artificial saliva (p<0.05). RF/VE-TPGS0.50 groups showed increased bond strength after 12-months of ageing. RF/VE-TPGS modified adhesives showed appreciable presence of a hybrid layer. Packing fraction indicated solid angle profiles describing well sized density and topology relations for the RF/VE-TPGS adhesives, in particular with the RF/VE-TPGS0.50 specimens. Qualitative analysis of the phenotype of macrophages was prominently CD163+ in the RF/VE-TPGS0.50. Both the compounds showed favourable negative binding energies as expressed in terms of 'XP GScore'. CONCLUSION New formulations based on the incorporation of RF/VE-TPGS in universal adhesives may be of significant potential in facilitating penetration, distribution and uptake of riboflavin within the dentine surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departmento de Odontologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad, CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Spain
| | - Malikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanan Omar
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health (MOSDOH) - ATSU, United States
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Clinical Dentistry Division, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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Daood U, Akram Z, Matinlinna J, Fawzy A. Dentine collagen cross-linking using tiopronin-protected Au/EDC nanoparticles formulations. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1017-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fawzy A, Daood U, Matinlinna J. Potential of high-intensity focused ultrasound in resin-dentine bonding. Dent Mater 2019; 35:979-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Daood U, Burrow MF, Yiu CKY. Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm formation. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:649-661. [PMID: 31115692 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate effect of quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single- (Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus acidophilus), dual- (Streptococcus mutans/Lactobacillus Acidophilus), and multi-species (Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis) biofilms were grown on acid-etched dentine discs. Biofilms were incubated (120 min/37 °C) and allowed to grow for 3 days anaerobically. Discs (no treatment) served as control (group 1). Groups II, III, IV, and V were then treated with 2% chlorhexidine, and 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS (20 s). Discs were returned to well plates with 300 μL of bacterial suspension and placed in anaerobic incubator at 37 °C and biofilms redeveloped for 4 days. Confocal microscopy, Raman, CFU, and MTT assay were performed. RESULTS Raman peaks show shifts at 1450 cm-1, 1453 cm-1, 1457 cm-1, 1460 cm-1, and 1462 cm-1 for control, 2% CHX, 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS groups in multi-species biofilms. There was reduction of 484 cm-1 band in 10% QAS group. CLSM revealed densely clustered green colonies in control group and red confluent QAS-treated biofilms with significantly lower log CFU for single/dual species. Metabolic activities of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased with increasing QAS exposure time. CONCLUSION Quaternary ammonium silanes possess antimicrobial activities and inhibit growth of cariogenic biofilms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Available data demonstrated use of QAS as potential antibacterial cavity disinfectant in adhesive dentistry. Experimental QAS can effectively eliminate caries-forming bacteria, when used inside a prepared cavity, and can definitely overcome problems associated with present available cavity disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M F Burrow
- Prosthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Daood U, Yiu C. Transdentinal cytotoxicity and macrophage phenotype of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant. Dent Mater 2019; 35:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Daood U, Matinlinna JP, Fawzy AS. Synergistic effects of VE-TPGS and riboflavin in crosslinking of dentine. Dent Mater 2018; 35:356-367. [PMID: 30528297 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effect of d-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethyleneglycol)-1000-succinate (VE-TPGS) with riboflavin-5'-phosphate solution on crosslinking of dentine collagen was investigated to analyze collagen's structural integrity. METHODS VE-TPGS was added to RF-solution, at RF/VE-TPGS (w/w) ratios of 0.125/0.250 and 0.125/0.500. Demineralized dentine beams were used (10wt.% phosphoric acid), rinsed using deionized-water and analysed using ELISA (Human MMP2 ELISA; Human CTSK/Cathepsin-K for MMP2 and Cathepsin K analysis). AFM of dentine collagen-fibrils structure was done before and after dentine specimens' placement in mineralization solution and tested after 14days in artificial saliva/collagenase (AS/Co) solution. The specimens were tested after 24h in mineralization solution for surface/bulk elastic modulus. Nano-indentation was carried out for each specimen on intertubular-dentine with lateral spacing of 400nm. Reduced elastic-modulus and nano-hardness were calculated and collagen content was determined using hydroxyproline-assay. Micro-Raman were performed. TEM was carried out to study structural variations of dentine-collagen in artificial-saliva (collagenase). Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and analyzed by SPSS v.15, by analysis of variance. RESULTS Synergetic effect of VE-TPGS was observed with RF through higher structural integrity of dentine collagen-fibrils shown by TEM/AFM. Superior surface/bulk mechanical stability was shown by nano-indentation/mechanical testing. Improvement in collagenase degradation resistance for hydroxyproline release was observed and lower endogenous-protease release of MMP-2/Cathepsin-K. Raman-analysis analysed chemical interactions between RF and collagen confirming structural-integrity of collagen fibrils after crosslinking. After 24h mineralization, AFM showed mineral depositions in close association with dentine-collagen fibrils with RF/VE-TPGS formulations. SIGNIFICANCE Potential synergetic effect of RF/VE-TPGS was observed by reflection of higher structural integrity and conformational-stability of dentine-collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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Daood U, Abduljabbar T, Al‐Hamoudi N, Akram Z. Clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters and release of collagen degradation biomarkers in
naswar
dippers. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:123-130. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Daood
- Clinical Division School of Dentistry International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - T. Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al‐Hamoudi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Akram
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan
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Akram Z, Abduljabbar T, Sauro S, Daood U. Effect of photodynamic therapy and laser alone as adjunct to scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory proteins in periodontal disease: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 16:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Akram Z, Al-Shareef SAA, Daood U, Asiri FY, Shah AH, AlQahtani MA, Vohra F, Javed F. Bactericidal Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy Against Periodontal Pathogens in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:137-49. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Umer Daood
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Faris Yahya Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf H. Shah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Ayedh AlQahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Advanced General Dentistry. Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York
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Daood U, Swee Heng C, Neo Chiew Lian J, Fawzy AS. In vitro analysis of riboflavin-modified, experimental, two-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman studies. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:110-24. [PMID: 25257880 PMCID: PMC4817549 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To modify two-step experimental etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive with different concentrations of riboflavin and to study its effect on the bond strength, degree of conversion, along with resin infiltration within the demineralized dentin substrate, an experimental adhesive-system was modified with different concentrations of riboflavin (m/m, 0, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%). Dentin surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid, bonded with respective adhesives, restored with restorative composite–resin, and sectioned into resin–dentin slabs and beams to be stored for 24 h or 9 months in artificial saliva. Micro-tensile bond testing was performed with scanning electron microscopy to analyse the failure of debonded beams. The degree of conversion was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at different time points along with micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis. Data was analyzed with one-way and two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's for pair-wise comparison. Modification with 1% and 3% riboflavin increased the micro-tensile bond strength compared to the control at 24 h and 9-month storage with no significant differences in degree of conversion (P<0.05). The most predominant failure mode was the mixed fracture among all specimens except 10% riboflavin-modified adhesive specimens where cohesive failure was predominant. Raman analysis revealed that 1% and 3% riboflavin adhesives specimens showed relatively higher resin infiltration. The incorporation of riboflavin in the experimental two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive at 3% (m/m) improved the immediate bond strengths and bond durability after 9-month storage in artificial saliva without adversely affecting the degree of conversion of the adhesive monomers and resin infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan Swee Heng
- Laboratory technologist, Discipline of Oral Sciences, Biomaterials and Biophotonics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer Neo Chiew Lian
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Fawzy AS, Nitisusanta LI, Iqbal K, Daood U, Neo J. Riboflavin as a dentin crosslinking agent: Ultraviolet A versus blue light. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Daood U, Iqbal K, Nitisusanta LI, Fawzy AS. Effect of chitosan/riboflavin modification on resin/dentin interface: Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kulsum Iqbal
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lorraine I. Nitisusanta
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Republic of Singapore
| | - Amr S. Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Republic of Singapore
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Fawzy AS, Nitisusanta LI, Iqbal K, Daood U, Beng LT, Neo J. Chitosan/Riboflavin-modified demineralized dentin as a potential substrate for bonding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 17:278-89. [PMID: 23127636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested different approaches to modify dentin collagen for potential improvement in bonding to dentin. Here, we are proposing a new approach to reinforce dentin collagen fibrils network by chitosan as a reinforcement phase and UVA-activated riboflavin as crosslinking agent within clinically acceptable time-frame as potential substrate for bonding. The effect of modifying demineralized dentin substrates with chitosan/riboflavin, with a gradual increase in chitosan content, was investigated by SEM, nano-indentation, conventional-mechanical testing and hydroxyproline (HYP) release at collagenolytic and/or hydrolytic challenges. The resin/dentin interface morphology, immediate bond strength and short-term bond durability were also investigated using etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. Modification with chitosan/riboflavin increased the mechanical properties, enhanced the mechanical stability of demineralized dentin substrates against hydrolytic and/or collagenolytic degradation challenges and decreased HYP release with collagenase exposure. When chitosan was added to riboflavin at 20%v/v ratio, significant improvement in bond strength at 24 h and 6 months in distilled water was found indicating the positive dual effect on bonding to dentin. With the gradual increase in chitosan content, obliteration of interfibrillar-spaces that might adversely affect bonding to dentin was found. Although it has a synergetic effect, chitosan content is crucial for any subsequent application in adhesive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Singapore.
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