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Zhang ZH, Chen J, Huang X, Aadil RM, Li B, Gao X. Natural pigments in the food industry: Enhancing stability, nutritional benefits, and gut microbiome health. Food Chem 2024; 460:140514. [PMID: 39047471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Natural pigments are increasingly favored in the food industry for their vibrant colors, fewer side effects and potential health benefits compared to synthetic pigments. However, their application in food industry is hindered by their instability under harsh environmental conditions. This review evaluates current strategies aimed at enhancing the stability and bioactivity of natural pigments. Advanced physicochemical methods have shown promise in enhancing the stability of natural pigments, enabling their incorporation into food products to enhance sensory attributes, texture, and bioactive properties. Moreover, recent studies demonstrated that most natural pigments offer health benefits. Importantly, they have been found to positively influence gut microbiota, in particular their regulation of the beneficial and harmful flora of the gut microbiome, the reduction of ecological dysbiosis through changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, and the alleviation of systemic inflammation caused by a high-fat diet in mice, suggesting a beneficial role in dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China.
| | - Xianli Gao
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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2
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Yang X, Li H, Yang C, Ge J. Supplementation with stigma maydis polysaccharide attenuates autism-like behaviors and improves gut function in valproic acid-induced autism model male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:567-580. [PMID: 38923604 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) has regulatory effect on the intestinal microflora and promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience gastrointestinal problems and dysbiosis in their gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that SMPS interventions had an impact on the gut microbiota of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism model rats. However, the effects of SMPS on the behavior and gut function of autism model rats remain poorly understood. Therefore, we gave different doses of SMPS intervention in the early stage of autism model rats to observe their developmental conditions and behavior performances. Through histological evaluation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), integrity of the intestinal structure and the expression of tight junction-related gene Zo-1 and Occludin were detected. The results indicated that SMPS intervention improved the physical development, learning and memory impairment, and social performance of autism model rats. Meanwhile, SMPS promoted intestinal peristalsis and restored the integrity of the intestinal structure, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased the expression of the Zo-1 and Occludin genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurotransmitters (substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the hippocampal tissues were altered after SMPS treatment. In conclusion, SMPS could ameliorate ASD-like phenotypes and gut problems in autism model rats. Collectively, these results provide new evidence for the relationship between the gut-brain axis and ASD and suggest a novel therapeutic target for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Qiqihar Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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3
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Pérez-Cabral ID, Bernal-Mercado AT, Islas-Rubio AR, Suárez-Jiménez GM, Robles-García MÁ, Puebla-Duarte AL, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL. Exploring Dietary Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Foods 2024; 13:3010. [PMID: 39335937 PMCID: PMC11431671 DOI: 10.3390/foods13183010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors, and it has a growing prevalence worldwide. Symptoms include cognitive impairments, gastrointestinal (GI) issues, feeding difficulties, and psychological problems. A significant concern in ASD is food selectivity, leading to nutrient deficiencies. Common GI issues in ASD, such as constipation and irritable bowel syndrome, stem from abnormal gut flora and immune system dysregulation. Sensory sensitivities and behavioral challenges exacerbate these problems, correlating with neurological symptom severity. Children with ASD also exhibit higher oxidative stress due to low antioxidant levels like glutathione. Therapeutic diets, including ketogenic, high-antioxidant, gluten-free and casein-free, and probiotic-rich diets, show potential in managing ASD symptoms like behavior, communication, GI issues, and oxidative stress, though the evidence is limited. Various studies have focused on different populations, but there is increasing concern about the impact among children. This review aims to highlight the food preferences of the ASD population, analyze the effect of the physicochemical and nutritional properties of foods on the selectivity in its consumption, GI problems, and antioxidant deficiencies in individuals with ASD, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic diets, including diets rich in antioxidants, gluten-free and casein-free, ketogenic and essential fatty acids, and probiotic-rich diets in managing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alma Rosa Islas-Rubio
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Cienega University Center (CUCIÉNEGA), University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, JA, Mexico
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4
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Fard YA, Sadeghi EN, Pajoohesh Z, Gharehdaghi Z, Khatibi DM, Khosravifar S, Pishkari Y, Nozari S, Hijazi A, Pakmehr S, Shayan SK. Epigenetic underpinnings of the autistic mind: Histone modifications and prefrontal excitation/inhibition imbalance. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32986. [PMID: 38837296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurobehavioral condition influenced by several cellular and molecular mechanisms that are often concerned with synaptogenesis and synaptic activity. Based on the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance theory, ASD could be the result of disruption in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission across the brain. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the chief regulator of executive function and can be affected by altered neuronal excitation and inhibition in the course of ASD. The molecular mechanisms involved in E/I imbalance are subject to epigenetic regulation. In ASD, altered enrichment and spreading of histone H3 and H4 modifications such as the activation-linked H3K4me2/3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac, and repression-linked H3K9me2, H3K27me3, and H4K20me2 in the PFC result in dysregulation of molecules mediating synaptic excitation (ARC, EGR1, mGluR2, mGluR3, GluN2A, and GluN2B) and synaptic inhibition (BSN, EphA7, SLC6A1). Histone modifications are a dynamic component of the epigenetic regulatory elements with a pronounced effect on patterns of gene expression with regards to any biological process. The excitation/inhibition imbalance associated with ASD is based on the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity in different regions of the brain, including the PFC, the ultimate outcome of which is highly influenced by transcriptional activity of relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zohreh Pajoohesh
- Faculty of Medicine, Zabol Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zahra Gharehdaghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | | | - Yasamin Pishkari
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Nozari
- School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hijazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sepideh Karkon Shayan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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5
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Dai H, Jiang Y, Liu S, Li D, Zhang X. Dietary flavonoids modulate the gut microbiota: A new perspective on improving autism spectrum disorder through the gut-brain axis. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114404. [PMID: 38729686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiology. It is associated with various factors and causes great inconvenience to the patient's life. The gut-brain axis (GBA), which serves as a bidirectional information channel for exchanging information between the gut microbiota and the brain, is vital in studying many neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary flavonoids provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, as well as regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The occurrence and development of ASD are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota can effectively improve the severity of ASD. This paper reviews the links between gut microbiota, flavonoids, and ASD, focusing on the mechanism of dietary flavonoids in regulating ASD through the GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Dai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610091, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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Scuto M, Rampulla F, Reali GM, Spanò SM, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese V. Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38671931 PMCID: PMC11047582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience and overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest for preventing and therapeutically impacting neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols and polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics have shown to improve gut bioavailability and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting the oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation linked to gut dysbiosis and ultimately the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance with hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response effects by activating at a low dose the Nrf2 pathway resulting in the upregulation of antioxidant vitagenes, as in the case of heme oxygenase-1 upregulated by hidrox® or curcumin and sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, microbiota dysfunction and neurotoxic damage. Importantly, modulation of the composition and function of the gut microbiota through polyphenols and/or probiotics enhances the abundance of beneficial bacteria and can prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Interestingly, dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the gut and the brain can exacerbate selective susceptibility under neuroinflammatory conditions to CNS disorders due to the high vulnerability of vagal sensory neurons to oxidative stress. Herein, we aimed to discuss hormetic nutrients, including polyphenols and/or probiotics, targeting the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes for the development of promising neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation and microbiota deregulation, and consequently improve cognitive performance and brain health. In this review, we also explore interactions of the gut-brain axis based on sophisticated and cutting-edge technologies for novel anti-neuroinflammatory approaches and personalized nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
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Jayaprakash P, Isaev D, Yang KHS, Beiram R, Oz M, Sadek B. Apigenin Alleviates Autistic-like Stereotyped Repetitive Behaviors and Mitigates Brain Oxidative Stress in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:482. [PMID: 38675442 PMCID: PMC11054933 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), specifically α7-nAChRs, in neuropsychiatric brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has gained a growing interest. The flavonoid apigenin (APG) has been confirmed in its pharmacological action as a positive allosteric modulator of α7-nAChRs. However, there is no research describing the pharmacological potential of APG in ASD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the subchronic systemic treatment of APG (10-30 mg/kg) on ASD-like repetitive and compulsive-like behaviors and oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and cerebellum in BTBR mice, utilizing the reference drug aripiprazole (ARP, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). BTBR mice pretreated with APG (20 mg/kg) or ARP (1 mg/g, i.p.) displayed significant improvements in the marble-burying test (MBT), cotton-shredding test (CST), and self-grooming test (SGT) (all p < 0.05). However, a lower dose of APG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to modulate behaviors in the MBT or SGT, but significantly attenuated the increased shredding behaviors in the CST of tested mice. Moreover, APG (10-30 mg/kg, i.p.) and ARP (1 mg/kg) moderated the disturbed levels of oxidative stress by mitigating the levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus and cerebellum of treated BTBR mice. In patch clamp studies in hippocampal slices, the potency of choline (a selective agonist of α7-nAChRs) in activating fast inward currents was significantly potentiated following incubation with APG. Moreover, APG markedly potentiated the choline-induced enhancement of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The observed results propose the potential therapeutic use of APG in the management of ASD. However, further preclinical investigations in additional models and different rodent species are still needed to confirm the potential relevance of the therapeutic use of APG in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrilla Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dmytro Isaev
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine;
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA;
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Fu Z, Yang X, Jiang Y, Mao X, Liu H, Yang Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Li H, Zhang XS, Mao X, Li N, Wang D, Jiang J. Microbiota profiling reveals alteration of gut microbial neurotransmitters in a mouse model of autism-associated 16p11.2 microduplication. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1331130. [PMID: 38596370 PMCID: PMC11002229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1331130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is evident in modulating neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chromosomal 16p11.2 microduplication 16p11.2dp/+ is among the most prevalent genetic copy number variations (CNV) linked with ASD. However, the implications of gut microbiota status underlying the development of ASD-like impairments induced by 16p11.2dp/+ remains unclear. To address this, we initially investigated a mouse model of 16p11.2dp/+, which exhibits social novelty deficit and repetitive behavior characteristic of ASD. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis of the gut microbial community and metabolomic profiles between 16p11.2dp/+ and their wild-type counterparts using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Our microbiota analysis revealed structural dysbiosis in 16p11.2dp/+ mice, characterized by reduced biodiversity and alterations in species abundance, as indicated by α/β-diversity analysis. Specifically, we observed reduced relative abundances of Faecalibaculum and Romboutsia, accompanied by an increase in Turicibacter and Prevotellaceae UCG_001 in 16p11.2dp/+ group. Metabolomic analysis identified 19 significantly altered metabolites and unveiled enriched amino acid metabolism pathways. Notably, a disruption in the predominantly histamine-centered neurotransmitter network was observed in 16p11.2dp/+ mice. Collectively, our findings delineate potential alterations and correlations among the gut microbiota and microbial neurotransmitters in 16p11.2dp/+ mice, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of and treatment for 16p11.2 CNV-associated ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Fu
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Youheng Jiang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Perfect Life Health Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualin Liu
- Guangdong Perfect Life Health Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhumei Chen
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Division of Medicine, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Xinjun Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dilong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Tomas Lindhal Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Savino R, Medoro A, Ali S, Scapagnini G, Maes M, Davinelli S. The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103520. [PMID: 37240625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental syndrome, accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are common features of ASD. Flavonoids, one of the largest and best-investigated classes of plant-derived compounds, are known to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This review used a systematic search process to assess the available evidence on the effect of flavonoids on ASD. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 17 preclinical studies and 4 clinical investigations met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Most findings from animal studies suggest that treatment with flavonoids improves oxidative stress parameters, reduces inflammatory mediators, and promotes pro-neurogenic effects. These studies also showed that flavonoids ameliorate the core symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits, repetitive behavior, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination. However, there are no randomized placebo-controlled trials that support the clinical efficacy of flavonoids in ASD. We only found open-label studies and case reports/series, using only two flavonoids such as luteolin and quercetin. These preliminary clinical studies indicate that flavonoid administration may improve specific behavioral symptoms of ASD. Overall, this review is the first one to systematically report evidence for the putative beneficial effects of flavonoids on features of ASD. These promising preliminary results may provide the rationale for future randomized controlled trials aimed at confirming these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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10
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Li H, Xiao C, Wang F, Guo X, Zhou Z, Jiang Y. Blueberry-Mulberry Extract Alleviates Cognitive Impairment, Regulates Gut Metabolites, and Inhibits Inflammation in Aged Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040860. [PMID: 36832936 PMCID: PMC9956669 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is associated with aging; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study found that polyphenol-rich blueberry-mulberry extract (BME) had an antioxidant capability and effectively alleviated cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, we hypothesized that BME would improve cognitive performance in naturally aging mice and assessed its effects on related signaling pathways. Eighteen-month-old C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/d of BME for 6 weeks. Behavioral phenotypes, cytokine levels, tight junction protein levels, and the histopathology of the brain were assessed, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and targeted metabolome analyses were used for gut microbiota and metabolite measurements. Our results showed that the cognitive performance of aged mice in the Morris water maze test was improved after BME treatment, neuronal loss was reduced, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the brain and intestine were decreased, and the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) were increased. Further, 16S sequencing showed that BME significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus and decreased the relative abundance of Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, and Roseburia in the gut. A targeted metabolomic analysis showed that BME significantly increased the levels of 21 metabolites, including α-linolenic acid, vanillic acid, and N-acetylserotonin. In conclusion, BME alters the gut microbiota and regulates gut metabolites in aged mice, which may contribute to the alleviation of cognitive impairment and to inflammation inhibition in both the brain and the gut. Our results provide a basis for future research on natural antioxidant intervention as a treatment strategy for aging-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Changhao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xuqi Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-2077-0716
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11
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Panchal SK, Brown L. Potential Benefits of Anthocyanins in Chronic Disorders of the Central Nervous System. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010080. [PMID: 36615279 PMCID: PMC9822395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have been shown to be effective in chronic diseases because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects together with changes in the gut microbiota and modulation of neuropeptides such as insulin-like growth factor-1. This review will examine whether these mechanisms may be effective to moderate the symptoms of disorders of the central nervous system in humans, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. Thus, anthocyanins from fruits and berries should be considered as complementary interventions to improve these chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-433-062-123
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Chen TW, Huang CW, Lu JJ, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lai CH, Lai HC, Chen YL. Amelioration of Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Autism Relevant Behaviors by Gut Commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13070. [PMID: 36361859 PMCID: PMC9657948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by cognitive inflexibility and social deficits. Probiotics have been demonstrated to play a promising role in managing the severity of ASD. However, there are no effective probiotics for clinical use. Identifying new probiotic strains for ameliorating ASD is therefore essential. Using the maternal immune activation (MIA)-based offspring ASD-like mouse model, a probiotic-based intervention strategy was examined in female mice. The gut commensal microbe Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01, which was previously demonstrated to exert multiple beneficial effects on chronic inflammation-related-diseases, was evaluated. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure induced leaky gut-related inflammatory phenotypes in the colon, increased LPS activity in sera, and induced autistic-like behaviors in offspring mice. By contrast, P. goldsteinii MTS01 treatment significantly reduced intestinal and systemic inflammation and ameliorated disease development. Transcriptomic analyses of MIA offspring indicated that in the intestine, P. goldsteinii MTS01 enhanced neuropeptide-related signaling and suppressed aberrant cell proliferation and inflammatory responses. In the hippocampus, P. goldsteinii MTS01 increased ribosomal/mitochondrial and antioxidant activities and decreased glutamate receptor signaling. Together, significant ameliorative effects of P. goldsteinii MTS01 on ASD relevant behaviors in MIA offspring were identified. Therefore, P. goldsteinii MTS01 could be developed as a next-generation probiotic for ameliorating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cha-Chen Lu
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Medical Research Center, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - Ya-Lei Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82446, Taiwan
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