1
|
Dsouza C, Komarova SV. Mechanosensitivity and mechanotransductive properties of osteoclasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C95-C106. [PMID: 37982175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is essential for maintaining bone health. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ATP and ADP in the mechanotransduction of bone-resorptive osteoclasts. Single osteoclast in primary cultures from 10 to 12-wk-old mice was mechanically stimulated by a gentle touch with a micropipette. Changes in cytosolic free calcium [Ca2+]i were analyzed in Fura-2 loaded osteoclasts. The cell injury was assessed by analyzing the cellular Fura-2 loss and classified as severe or mild using k-means. Osteoclasts responded to mechanical stimuli with transient calcium elevation (primary responders) and transduced these signals to neighboring cells, which responded with delayed calcium elevations (secondary responders). Severely injured osteoclasts had higher calcium transients than mildly injured cells. Fluid shear stress similarly induced reversible cell injury in osteoclasts. Secondary responses were abolished by treatment with A-804598, a specific inhibitor of P2X7, but not suramin, a broad P2 receptor blocker. Osteoclasts responded to ATP and ADP with concentration-dependent changes in [Ca2+]i. We performed osteoclast micropipette stimulation in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase which converted all ADP in solution to ATP, or with hexokinase converting all ATP to ADP. Osteoclasts with mild membrane injury demonstrated similar calcium responses in ATP and ADP-rich environments. However, when the mechanotransductive signal to severe osteoclast injury was converted to ADP, the fraction of secondary responders and their [Ca2+]i amplitude was higher. This study suggests the importance of osteoclast mechanobiology and the role of ADP-mediated signaling in conditions of altered mechanical loading associated with bone loss.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Osteoclasts are rarely considered as cells that participate in mechanical signaling in bone. We show that osteoclasts are capable of sensing and transmitting mechanical signals to neighboring cells. Mechanical stimulation commonly induces minor repairable membrane injury in osteoclasts. ATP and especially ADP were found to play important roles in the mechanoresponsiveness of osteoclasts. This study highlights the importance of osteoclast mechanobiology especially in conditions of altered mechanical loading associated with bone loss, such as in microgravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrisanne Dsouza
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marco-Bonilla M, Fresnadillo M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A. Energy Regulation in Inflammatory Sarcopenia by the Purinergic System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16904. [PMID: 38069224 PMCID: PMC10706580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic system has a dual role: the maintenance of energy balance and signaling within cells. Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential for maintaining these functions. Sarcopenia is characterized by alterations in the control of energy and signaling in favor of catabolic pathways. This review details the association between the purinergic system and muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis, discussing recent findings in the involvement of purinergic receptors in muscle wasting and advances in the use of the purinergic system as a novel therapeutic target in the management of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (M.F.); (R.L.); (G.H.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balanta-Melo J, Eyquem-Reyes A, Blanco N, Vásquez W, Kupczik K, Toro-Ibacache V, Buvinic S. Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14740. [PMID: 37834190 PMCID: PMC10572689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are commonly used to study mandibular dynamics due to their similarity in chewing cycle patterns with humans. Adult mice treated unilaterally with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in the masseter exhibit atrophy of this muscle characterized by an increase in the gene expression of atrophy-related molecular markers, and a reduction in both muscle fiber diameter and muscle mass at 14d. However, the impact of this muscle imbalance on the non-treated masticatory muscles remains unexplored. Here, we hypothesize that the unilateral masseter hypofunction leads to molecular and 3D morphometric signs of atrophy of the masseter and its agonist masticatory muscles in adult mice. Twenty-three 8-week-old male BALB/c mice received a single injection of BoNTA in the right masseter, whereas the left masseter received the same volume of saline solution (control side). Animals were euthanized at 2d, 7d, and 14d, and the masticatory muscles were analyzed for mRNA expression. Five heads were harvested at 14d, fixed, stained with a contrast-enhanced agent, and scanned using X-ray microtomography. The three-dimensional morphometric parameters (the volume and thickness) from muscles in situ were obtained. Atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF-1, and Myogenin mRNA gene expression were significantly increased at 2 and 7d for both the masseter and temporalis from the BoNTA side. For medial pterygoid, increased mRNA gene expression was found at 7d for Atrogin-1/MAFbx and at 2d-7d for Myogenin. Both the volume and thickness of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles from the BoNTA side were significantly reduced at 14d. In contrast, the lateral pterygoid from the BoNTA side showed a significant increase in volume at 14d. Therefore, the unilateral hypofunction of the masseter leads to molecular and morphological signs of atrophy in both the BoNTA-injected muscle and its agonistic non-injected masticatory muscles. The generalized effect on the mouse masticatory apparatus when one of its components is intervened suggests the need for more clinical studies to determine the safety of BoNTA usage in clinical dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Balanta-Melo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia;
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrea Eyquem-Reyes
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (A.E.-R.); (N.B.); (W.V.); (V.T.-I.)
| | - Noelia Blanco
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (A.E.-R.); (N.B.); (W.V.); (V.T.-I.)
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (A.E.-R.); (N.B.); (W.V.); (V.T.-I.)
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (A.E.-R.); (N.B.); (W.V.); (V.T.-I.)
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (A.E.-R.); (N.B.); (W.V.); (V.T.-I.)
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC2016, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahman MA, Saikat ASM, Rahman MS, Islam M, Parvez MAK, Kim B. Recent Update and Drug Target in Molecular and Pharmacological Insights into Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Future Progress. Cells 2023; 12:458. [PMID: 36766800 PMCID: PMC9914570 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is a governed catabolic framework enabling the recycling of nutrients from injured organelles and other cellular constituents via a lysosomal breakdown. This mechanism has been associated with the development of various pathologic conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders; however, recently updated studies have indicated that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, acting as a cytoprotective or cytotoxic mechanism. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that inhibiting autophagy enhances an anticancer medicine's effectiveness in various malignancies. Autophagy antagonists, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have previously been authorized in clinical trials, encouraging the development of medication-combination therapies targeting the autophagic processes for cancer. In this review, we provide an update on the recent research examining the anticancer efficacy of combining drugs that activate cytoprotective autophagy with autophagy inhibitors. Additionally, we highlight the difficulties and progress toward using cytoprotective autophagy targeting as a cancer treatment strategy. Importantly, we must enable the use of suitable autophagy inhibitors and coadministration delivery systems in conjunction with anticancer agents. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes the general molecular process behind autophagy and its bifunctional role that is important in cancer suppression and in encouraging tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis regulation. We then emphasize how autophagy and cancer cells interacting with one another is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arias-Calderón M, Casas M, Balanta-Melo J, Morales-Jiménez C, Hernández N, Llanos P, Jaimovich E, Buvinic S. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is expressed and secreted from skeletal muscle following electrical stimulation via extracellular ATP activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1059020. [PMID: 36909316 PMCID: PMC9997036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1059020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Although it is released mainly from the liver, in recent years it has been shown that it is a "myokine", synthesized in skeletal muscles after exercise and stress conditions through an Akt-dependent pathway and secreted for mediating autocrine and endocrine roles. To date, the molecular mechanism for the pathophysiological regulation of FGF21 production in skeletal muscle is not totally understood. We have previously demonstrated that muscle membrane depolarization controls gene expression through extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling, by a mechanism defined as "Excitation-Transcription coupling". eATP signaling regulates the expression and secretion of interleukin 6, a well-defined myokine, and activates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This work aimed to study the effect of electrical stimulation in the regulation of both production and secretion of skeletal muscle FGF21, through eATP signaling and PI3K/Akt pathway. Our results show that electrical stimulation increases both mRNA and protein (intracellular and secreted) levels of FGF21, dependent on an extracellular ATP signaling mechanism in skeletal muscle. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrated that FGF21 production and secretion from muscle requires the activation of the P2YR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results confirm skeletal muscle as a source of FGF21 in physiological conditions and unveil a new molecular mechanism for regulating FGF21 production in this tissue. Our results will allow to identify new molecular targets to understand the regulation of FGF21 both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as exercise, aging, insulin resistance, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, all characterized by an alteration in both FGF21 levels and ATP signaling components. These data reinforce that eATP signaling is a relevant mechanism for myokine expression in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Arias-Calderón
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Casas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Camilo Morales-Jiménez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nadia Hernández
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Sonja Buvinic,
| |
Collapse
|