1
|
Georgieva E, Ananiev J, Yovchev Y, Arabadzhiev G, Abrashev H, Zaharieva V, Atanasov V, Kostandieva R, Mitev M, Petkova-Parlapanska K, Karamalakova Y, Tsoneva V, Nikolova G. Stable Nitroxide as Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring of Oxidative Stress and Hypoalbuminemia in the Context of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8045. [PMID: 39125614 PMCID: PMC11312055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major source of ROS-mediated damage to macromolecules, tissues, and the whole body. It is an important marker in the severe picture of pathological conditions. The discovery of free radicals in biological systems gives a "start" to studying various pathological processes related to the development and progression of many diseases. From this moment on, the enrichment of knowledge about the participation of free radicals and free-radical processes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections, including COVID-19, is increasing exponentially. Excessive inflammatory responses and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels may disrupt mitochondrial dynamics, increasing the risk of cell damage. In addition, low serum albumin levels and changes in the normal physiological balance between reduced and oxidized albumin can be a serious prerequisite for impaired antioxidant capacity of the body, worsening the condition in patients. This review presents the interrelationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and low albumin levels, which are hallmarks of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Julian Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Hristo Abrashev
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Vyara Zaharieva
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vasil Atanasov
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rositsa Kostandieva
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitko Mitev
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
| | - Vanya Tsoneva
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang M, Ren R, Xu Y, Wang T, Liang X, Li S. Oxidative stress in the alveolar lavage fluid of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 39031860 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and the clinical characteristics of severe MPP (SMPP) and refractory MPP (RMPP). METHODS Clinical and BALF-related data were collected from 83 patients with MPP, of which 29 had SMPP and 54 had general MPP (GMPP); 37 patients were in the RMPP group and 46 in the non-RMPP group. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as well as the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in BALF were detected. Logistic regression analyses were performed on MDA, AOPP, SOD, GSH-PX, gender, heat peak, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, lung consolidation, sputum embolus, and pleural effusion. RESULTS The levels of MDA and AOPP in the BALF of the MPP group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < .05), whereas SOD and GSH-PX levels were lower than those in the control group (p < .05). The BALF AOPP levels in the RMPP group were higher than those in the non-RMPP group, and the SOD and GSH-PX levels in the BALF were lower than those in the non-RMPP group; the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). The levels of MDA and AOPP in the BALF of children in the SMPP group were higher than those in the GMPP group, and the levels of SOD and GSH-PX were lower than those in the GMPP group, with statistically significant differences (p < .05). The C-index of the logistic regression model was 0.960 (95% confidence interval 0.958-0.963), which indicates that the model has good predictive ability. CONCLUSION Advanced oxidation protein products may be a marker for predicting the conditions of SMPP and RMPP, and the prediction model can assess the risk of progression in children to RMPP, which is conducive to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Wang
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruijuan Ren
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Napiórkowska-Mastalerz M, Wybranowski T, Bosek M, Kruszewski S, Rhone P, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. A Preliminary Evaluation of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) as a Potential Approach to Evaluating Prognosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients and Its Implication in Tumour Angiogenesis: A 7-Year Single-Centre Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1068. [PMID: 38473424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrC) is a highly prevalent tumour among women. The high incidence and mortality rate of BrC prompts researchers to search for new markers that will provide information on the possible impact of the therapy on the risk of cancer-related events. This study aimed to investigate whether the level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) may have a potential impact on disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in BrC patients with early-stage cancer. Additionally, we tried to assess the relationship between AOPPs and angiogenic parameters. In this study, the pre- and post-treatment AOPP levels were examined in the serum of 70 newly diagnosed BrC women. The receiver operating characteristic curve identified pre- and post-treatment AOPPs to be above 9.37 μM and 10.39 μM, respectively, as the best cut-off values to predict the risk of cancer relapse. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that pre- and post-treatment AOPPs above 9.37 μM and 10.39 μM were associated with significantly poorer OS. The uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis highlighted that lower levels of pre- and post-treatment AOPPs were associated with a longer duration without relapse or cancer-related death. A positive correlation between concentrations of pre-treatment AOPPs and vascular endothelial growth factor A, and negative correlations with levels of soluble forms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 1 and 2, were found. In conclusion, AOPPs appear to have an important role in predicting cancer-related events and may potentially serve as a simple prognostic marker in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Napiórkowska-Mastalerz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wybranowski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Bosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rhone
- Clinical Ward of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Centre Prof. F. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang B. Development status of novel spectral imaging techniques and application to traditional Chinese medicine. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1269-1280. [PMID: 38174122 PMCID: PMC10759257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a treasure of the Chinese nation, providing effective solutions to current medical requisites. Various spectral techniques are undergoing continuous development and provide new and reliable means for evaluating the efficacy and quality of TCM. Because spectral techniques are noninvasive, convenient, and sensitive, they have been widely applied to in vitro and in vivo TCM evaluation systems. In this paper, previous achievements and current progress in the research on spectral technologies (including fluorescence spectroscopy, photoacoustic imaging, infrared thermal imaging, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy) are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are also presented. Moreover, the future applications of spectral imaging to identify the origins, components, and pesticide residues of TCM in vitro are elucidated. Subsequently, the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in vivo is presented. Identifying future applications of spectral imaging is anticipated to promote medical research as well as scientific and technological explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bosek M, Wybranowski T, Napiórkowska-Mastalerz M, Pyskir J, Cyrankiewicz M, Pyskir M, Pilaczyńska-Cemel M, Szołna-Chodór A, Wrembel M, Kruszewski S, Przybylski G. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14952. [PMID: 37834401 PMCID: PMC10573242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that COVID-19 can lead to alterations in blood rheology, including an increase in red blood cell aggregation. The precise mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully comprehended. The latest findings suggest that erythrocyte aggregation significantly influences microcirculation, causes the formation of blood clots in blood vessels, and even damages the endothelial glycocalyx, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The focus of this research lies in investigating the cellular factors influencing these changes in aggregation and discussing potential causes and implications in the context of COVID-19 pathophysiology. For this purpose, the aggregation of erythrocytes in a group of 52 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was examined in a 70 kDa Dextran solution, which eliminates the influence of plasma factors. Using image analysis, the velocities and sizes of the formed aggregates were investigated, determining their porosity. This study showed that the process of erythrocyte aggregation in COVID-19 patients, independent of plasma factors, leads to the formation of more compact, denser, three-dimensional aggregates. These aggregates may be less likely to disperse under circulatory shear stress, increasing the risk of thrombotic events. This study also suggests that cellular aggregation factors can be responsible for the thrombotic disorders observed long after infection, even when plasma factors have normalized. The results and subsequent broad discussion presented in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the potential complications associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Tomasz Wybranowski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Marta Napiórkowska-Mastalerz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Jerzy Pyskir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Michał Cyrankiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Pyskir
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Marta Pilaczyńska-Cemel
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Szołna-Chodór
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Mateusz Wrembel
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Przybylski
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wybranowski T, Ziomkowska B, Cyrankiewicz M, Pyskir J, Bosek M, Napiórkowska M, Pilaczyńska-Cemel M, Przybylski G, Kruszewski S. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Blood, Plasma and Albumin as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Acute Inflammation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14703. [PMID: 37834149 PMCID: PMC10572581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime measurements of blood or plasma offer valuable insights into the microenvironment and molecular interactions of fluorophores, particularly concerning albumin. Neutrophil- and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19 pneumonia patients leads to hyperinflammation, various oxidative modifications of blood proteins, and potential alterations in the fluorescence lifetime of tryptophan-containing proteins, especially albumin. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of blood and plasma as a prompt diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis and severity assessment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. This study examined a cohort of sixty COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms. To investigate whether oxidative stress is the underlying cause of the change in fluorescence lifetime, human serum albumin was treated with chloramine T. The time-resolved spectrometer Life Spec II (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Livingston, UK), equipped with a sub-nanosecond pulsed 280 nm diode, was used to measure the fluorescence lifetime of blood and plasma. The findings revealed a significant reduction in the fluorescence lifetime of blood (diluted 200 times) and plasma (diluted 20 times) at 360 nm in COVID-19 pneumonia patients compared with their respective values recorded six months post-infection and those of healthy individuals. Significant negative correlations were observed between the mean fluorescence lifetime of blood and plasma at 360 nm and several severity biomarkers and advanced oxidation protein products, while a positive correlation was found with albumin and the albumin-globulin ratio. The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy method demonstrates the potential to be used as a preliminary screening technique for identifying patients who are at risk of developing severe complications. Furthermore, the small amount of blood required for the measurements has the potential to enable a rapid fingerstick blood test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wybranowski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Blanka Ziomkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Michał Cyrankiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Jerzy Pyskir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Maciej Bosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Marta Napiórkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Marta Pilaczyńska-Cemel
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.P.-C.); (G.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Przybylski
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.P.-C.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scieszka D, Gu H, Barkley-Levenson A, Barr E, Garcia M, Begay JG, Herbert G, Bhaskar K, McCormick M, Brigman J, Ottens A, Bleske B, Campen MJ. NEUROMETABOLOMIC IMPACTS OF MODELED WILDFIRE SMOKE AND PROTECTIVE BENEFITS OF ANTI-AGING THERAPEUTICS IN AGED FEMALE C57BL/6J MICE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.558863. [PMID: 37790385 PMCID: PMC10542542 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fires have become progressively more extensive over the past 30 years in the US, and now routinely generate smoke that deteriorates air quality for most of the country. We explored the neurometabolomic impact that smoke derived from biomass has on older (18 months) female C57BL/6J mice, both acutely and after 10 weeks of recovery from exposures. Mice (N=6/group) were exposed to wood smoke (WS) 4 hours/day, every other day, for 2 weeks (7 exposures total) to an average concentration of 0.448mg/m 3 per exposure. One group was euthanized 24 hours after the last exposure. Other groups were then placed on 1 of 4 treatment regimens for 10 weeks after wood smoke exposures: vehicle; resveratrol in chow plus nicotinamide mononucleotide in water (RNMN); senolytics via gavage (dasatanib+quercetin; DQ); or both RNMN with DQ (RNDQ). Among the findings, the aging from 18 months to 21 months was associated with the greatest metabolic shift, including changes in nicotinamide metabolism, with WS exposure effects that were relatively modest. WS caused a reduction in NAD+ within the prefrontal cortex immediately after exposure and a long-term reduction in serotonin that persisted for 10 weeks. The serotonin reductions were corroborated by forced swim tests, which revealed an increased immobility (reduction in motivation) immediately post-exposure and persisted for 10 weeks. RNMN had the most beneficial effects after WS exposure, while RNDQ caused markers of brain aging to be upregulated within WS-exposed mice. Findings highlight the persistent neurometabolomic and behavioral effects of woodsmoke exposure in an aged mouse model. Significance Statement Neurological impacts of wildfire smoke are largely underexplored but include neuroinflammation and metabolic changes. The present study highlights modulation of major metabolites in the prefrontal cortex and behavioral consequences in aged (18 month) female mice that persists 10 weeks after wood smoke exposure ended. Supplements derived from the anti-aging field were able to mitigate much of the woodsmoke effect, especially a combination of resveratrol and nicotinamide mononucleotide.
Collapse
|
8
|
Belinskaia DA, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: From Comparative Biochemistry to Translational Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13725. [PMID: 37762028 PMCID: PMC10531299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many animal species, albumin plays a decisive role in the transport of various ions, electrically neutral molecules and in maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia;
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Satała J, Woźniak A, Fabiś M, Gorzelak-Pabiś P, Pawlos A, Fabiś J, Broncel M, Woźniak E. Severe COVID-19 classified by simple covid risk index is associated with higher levels of advanced oxidation protein products and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e140. [PMID: 37554121 PMCID: PMC10540163 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most important and challenging medical research topics in recent years. The presence of endothelial dysfunction, immune thrombosis, and oxidative stress contributes to complications and requires more extended hospitalisation of patients. In this article, we focused on analysing the impact of oxidative stress on the severity of COVID-19 infection. The study group consisted of 72 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV enrolled. The patients were divided into moderate and severe diseases according to the SCRI (Simple Covid Risk Index, including lymphocyte/D-dimer ratio). Using the ELISA kit, we determined the level of AOPP and 8-OHdG. Patients with severe COVID-19 had higher levels of both AOPP (P < 0.05) and 8-OHdG (P < 0.05) compared to patients with moderate disease. Albumin levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001), although fibrinogen (P < 0.01), D-dimer (P < 0.001), and TF (P < 0.05) levels were higher in severe patients than in moderate course. AOPP/Alb was also higher among severe patients (P < 0.05). Our data suggest a potential role for AOPP and 8-OHdG in predicting the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Elevated AOPP levels were associated with increased Dimer-D, TF, and vWF activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Satała
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Fabiś
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawlos
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Fabiś
- Department of Arthroscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Woźniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, The Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Popova PI, Voitenko NG, Shmurak VI, Vovk MA, Baranova TI, Batalova AA, Korf EA, Avdonin PV, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Albumin Is a Component of the Esterase Status of Human Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10383. [PMID: 37373530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The esterase status of blood plasma can claim to be one of the universal markers of various diseases; therefore, it deserves attention when searching for markers of the severity of COVID-19 and other infectious and non-infectious pathologies. When analyzing the esterase status of blood plasma, the esterase activity of serum albumin, which is the major protein in the blood of mammals, should not be ignored. The purpose of this study is to expand understanding of the esterase status of blood plasma and to evaluate the relationship of the esterase status, which includes information on the amount and enzymatic activity of human serum albumin (HSA), with other biochemical parameters of human blood, using the example of surviving and deceased patients with confirmed COVID-19. In experiments in vitro and in silico, the activity of human plasma and pure HSA towards various substrates was studied, and the effect of various inhibitors on this activity was tested. Then, a comparative analysis of the esterase status and a number of basic biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of healthy subjects and patients with confirmed COVID-19 was performed. Statistically significant differences have been found in esterase status and biochemical indices (including albumin levels) between healthy subjects and patients with COVID-19, as well as between surviving and deceased patients. Additional evidence has been obtained for the importance of albumin as a diagnostic marker. Of particular interest is a new index, [Urea] × [MDA] × 1000/(BChEb × [ALB]), which in the group of deceased patients was 10 times higher than in the group of survivors and 26 times higher than the value in the group of apparently healthy elderly subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Voronina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina I Popova
- City Polyclinic No. 112, 25 Academician Baykov Str., 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia G Voitenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Shmurak
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Vovk
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij pr., 26, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Baranova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Batalova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Korf
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel V Avdonin
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Richard O Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Nikolay V Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgieva E, Atanasov V, Kostandieva R, Tsoneva V, Mitev M, Arabadzhiev G, Yovchev Y, Karamalakova Y, Nikolova G. Direct Application of 3-Maleimido-PROXYL for Proving Hypoalbuminemia in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Potential Diagnostic Method of Determining Albumin Instability and Oxidized Protein Level in Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065807. [PMID: 36982882 PMCID: PMC10058219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the albumin oxidized form can lead to hypoalbuminemia, which is a predisposing factor for reduced treatment effectiveness and an increased mortality rate in severe COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the application of free radical 3-Maleimido-PROXYL and SDSL-EPR spectroscopy in the in vitro determination of ox/red HSA in serum samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Venous blood was collected from patients intubated (pO2 < 90%) with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and controls. At the 120th minute after the incubation of the serum samples from both groups with the 3-Maleimido-PROXYL, the EPR measurement was started. The high levels of free radicals were determined through the nitroxide radical TEMPOL, which probably led to increased oxidation of HSA and hypoalbuminemia in severe COVID-19. The double-integrated spectra of 3-Maleimido-PROXYL radical showed a low degree of connectivity due to high levels of oxidized albumin in COVID-19 patients. The low concentrations of reduced albumin in serum samples partially inhibit spin-label rotation, with Amax values and ΔH0 spectral parameters comparable to those of 3-Maleimido-PROXYL/DMSO. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that the stable nitroxide radical 3-Maleimido-PROXYL can be successfully used as a marker to study oxidized albumin levels in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of "General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology", Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of "Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry", Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Atanasov
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Kostandieva
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Tsoneva
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Mitko Mitev
- Department of "Diagnostic Imaging", University Hospital "Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich", 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- Department of "Surgery and anesthesiology", University Hospital "Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich", 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of "Surgery and anesthesiology", University Hospital "Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich", 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of "Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry", Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of "Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry", Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Georgieva E, Karamalakova Y, Arabadzhiev G, Atanasov V, Kostandieva R, Mitev M, Tsoneva V, Yovchev Y, Nikolova G. Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy for Determination of Albumin Structural Damage and Hypoalbuminemia in Critical COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122311. [PMID: 36552520 PMCID: PMC9774111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main factors in the COVID-19 pathology, which can initiate extensive structural changes at the cellular and molecular levels, are the generation of free radicals in abnormal amounts, and oxidative stress. Under "oxidative shock" conditions, the proteins undergo various modifications that affect their function and activity, and as a result distribute malfunctioning protein derivatives in the body. Human serum albumin is a small globular protein characterized by a high overall binding capacity for neutral lipophilic and acidic dosage forms. The albumin concentration is crucial for the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure, the transport of nutrients, amino acids, and drugs, the effectiveness of drug therapy, and the prevention of drug toxicity. Hypoalbuminemia and structural defects molecule in the protein suggest a risk of changed metabolism and increased plasma concentration of unbound drugs. Therefore, the albumin structural and functional changes accompanied by low protein levels can be a serious prerequisite for ineffective therapy, frequent complications, and high mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current opinion aims the research community the application of Site-Directed Spin Labeling Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (SDSL-EPR) and 3-Maleimido-PROXYL radical in determining abnormalities of the albumin dynamics and protein concentrations in COVID-19 critical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of “General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology”, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of “Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry”, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of “Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry”, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- Department of “Surgery and Anesthesiology”, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Atanasov
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski Str.”, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Kostandieva
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski Str.”, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mitko Mitev
- Department of “Diagnostic Imaging”, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Tsoneva
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of “Surgery and Anesthesiology”, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of “Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry”, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-897771301
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bosek M, Ziomkowska B, Pyskir J, Wybranowski T, Pyskir M, Cyrankiewicz M, Napiórkowska M, Durmowicz M, Kruszewski S. Relationship between red blood cell aggregation and dextran molecular mass. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19751. [PMID: 36396711 PMCID: PMC9670059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in dextran solution at various levels of molecular mass. Dextran solutions at molecular mass 40, 70, 100 and 500 kDa at concentration from 2 to 5 g/dL were used to suspend the RBCs. The radius and velocity of sedimenting RBC aggregates were investigated using image analysis. The radius and sedimentation velocity of aggregates increased initially, then decreased after achieving maxima. The maximal velocity of RBC aggregates showed a bell-shaped dependence on dextran molecular mass and concentration, whereas maximal radius showed monotonic increase with both factors. Difference between aggregate and solution density was estimated using aggregate radius and sedimentation velocity and dextran solution viscosity, and was consistent across most molecular mass and concentration levels. This allowed to calculate the porosity of aggregates and to show that it monotonically decreased with the increase in the solution density, caused by the increase in the dextran concentration. The results provide insight into the RBC aggregation process in solutions of proteins of different size, reflecting various pathological conditions. The currently reported data can be potentially applied to specific pathophysiological conditions giving an interpretation that is not yet fully discussed in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bosek
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Blanka Ziomkowska
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pyskir
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wybranowski
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pyskir
- grid.5374.50000 0001 0943 6490Department of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Cyrankiewicz
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Napiórkowska
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Durmowicz
- grid.5374.50000 0001 0943 6490Department of Physiotherapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- grid.411797.d0000 0001 0595 5584Biophysics Department, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska St. 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|