Chayaburakul K, Ong WY, Herr DR, Kobutree P, Chantra K. Differences in the ultrastructure of neurons in the spinal ganglion and dorsal rootlet between rats treated with cisplatin only versus co-administration with a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 agonist in attenuating neuropathy and allodynia.
J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023;
28:476-489. [PMID:
37483146 DOI:
10.1111/jns.12582]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent for many types of cancer. The neurotoxicity of cisplatin includes neuropathy and allodynia. We aimed to study structural changes by using CYM54-78, attenuating cisplatin-induced neuropathy and blocking the pathogenesis in neurons, and promoting axonal regeneration.
METHODS
TEM (transmission electron microscopy) was used to distinguish ultrastructural changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and dorsal rootlets (DR) between rats treated with cisplatin alone and rats co-treated with cisplatin and sphingosine -1-phosphate receptor2 (S1P2) agonist, CYM-5478.
RESULTS
In DRG of rats treated with cisplatin alone, TEM micrographs showed necrosis and apoptotic cells. Neuronal cytoplasm showed numerous vacuole (stage C) and swelling (stage B➔C) mitochondrial degeneration. Neurons in DRG from cisplatin+CYM-5478 group showed a higher percentage of healthy mitochondria (from 5.3% to 75.6%) than those treated with cisplatin alone. DR of cisplatin only group showed abnormal axoplasm, axolemma, and focal detached myelin sheaths, especially in Aδ (fast pain) and Aβ (touch) fibers, and revealed collateral branches that sprouted from Aβ fibers, which is characteristic of allodynia. Moreover, vasoconstriction was observed in DRG and DR. Rats in cisplatin+CYM-5478 group showed not only fewer abnormal structures than those in cisplatin only group, but also showed Bands of Büngner and onion bulb-like structures, which are characteristic of nerve regeneration.
INTERPRETATION
Together with our previous study, showed that CYM-5478 attenuated neuropathy and allodynia in a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy, these results suggest S1P2 agonists as a potential approach the for treatment of cancer due to the reduction of side effects of cisplatin.
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