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Cho WK, Choi HJ, Ma JY. Selaginella tamariscina Ethanol Extract Attenuates Influenza A Virus Infection by Inhibiting Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase. Nutrients 2024; 16:2377. [PMID: 39064820 PMCID: PMC11280371 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Selaginella tamariscina is a perennial plant that is used for diverse diseases. This study investigated whether Selaginella tamariscina has an antiviral effect against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged influenza A virus (IAV) to examine the effect of Selaginella tamariscina ethanol extract (STE) on influenza viral infection. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that STE potently represses GFP expression by the virus, dose-dependently. STE significantly inhibited the expression of the IAV M2, NP, HA, NA, NS1, and PB2 proteins. Time-of-addition and hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that STE has an inhibitory effect on hemagglutinin and viral binding on the cells at an early infection time. In addition, STE exerted a suppressive effect on the neuraminidase activity of the H1N1 and H3N2 IAVs. Furthermore, dose-dependently, STE inhibited the cytopathic effect induced by H3N2, as well as by H1N1 IAV. Especially in the presence of 200 µg/mL STE, the cytopathic effect was completely blocked. Our findings suggest that STE has antiviral efficacy against IAV infection; thus, it could be developed as a natural IAV inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Chemdanro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Chemdanro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
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Rong J, Sun S, Xu SX, Xie XH, Wang C, Chen G, Kang L, Xiang D, Liu Z. The Neuroprotective Effects of BMSC-Derived Exosomes against Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Cytotoxicity. Neuroscience 2024; 542:1-10. [PMID: 38342336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Many central nervous system diseases are closely related to nerve damage caused by dysregulation of the endogenous neurotransmitter glutamate. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) play an important role in improving injury and regeneration functions. However, its mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether and how BMSC-Exos improve neurotoxicity caused by glutamate and to fill the gap in the literature. In this study, glutamate-treated HT22 cells were first exposed to mouse-derived BMSC-Exos at different concentrations to observe their effects on HT22 apoptosis. Next, we treated glutamate-treated HT22 cells with mouse-derived BMSC-Exos. We then inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways using the PI3K/Akt inhibitor and the mTOR inhibitor, respectively, and observed the protective effect of mouse-derived BMSC-Exos on HT22 cells treated with glutamate. Our results show that BMSC-Exos reduced apoptosis triggered by glutamate stimulation, increased cell vitality, and decreased the levels of proapoptotic proteins while increasing the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins. The protective effect of BMSC-Exos was weakened when PI3K/Akt inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor were added. To sum up, we draw the following conclusions: BMSC-Exos can reduce neuronal apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression after glutamate stimulation by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China.
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Wadhwa K, Kaur H, Kapoor N, Ghorai SM, Gupta R, Sahgal A. A systematic review on antimicrobial activities of green synthesised Selaginella silver nanoparticles. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e27. [PMID: 37534437 PMCID: PMC10752228 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. Selaginella species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Environment friendly green synthesised silver nanoparticles from Selaginella species provide viable, safe and efficient treatment against different fungal pathogens. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to summarise the literature pertaining to superior antifungal ability of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using plant extracts of Selaginella spp. in comparison to both aqueous and ethanolic raw plant extracts by electronically collecting articles from databases. METHODS The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were taken into consideration while preparing this review. The titles and abstracts of the collected data were stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy included literature from established sources like PubMed, Google Scholar and Retrieval System Online using subject descriptors. RESULTS The search yielded 60 articles with unique hits. After removal of duplications, 46 articles were identified, 40 were assessed and only seven articles were chosen and included in this review based on our eligibility criteria. CONCLUSION The physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of Selaginella suggest higher drug potency of nanoparticles synthesised from plant extract against different diseases as compared to aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts. The study holds great promise as the synthesis of nanoparticles involves low energy consumption, minimal technology and least toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Renu Gupta
- Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li W, Sha L, Xia Y, Chen L. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for epilepsy therapy: opportunities and obstacles. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103600. [PMID: 37119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a long-term neurological disorder characterized by neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress in the brain. Autophagy is a process of cellular self-regulation to maintain normal physiological functions. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy pathways in neurons are a potential mechanism underlying EP pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in EP and the probable function of autophagy in epileptogenesis. Moreover, we review the autophagy modulators reported for the treatment of EP models, and discuss the obstacles to, and opportunities for, the potential therapeutic applications of novel autophagy modulators as EP therapies. Teaser: Defective autophagy affects the onset and progression of epilepsy, and many anti-epileptic drugs have autophagy-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Jeong YH, Oh YC, Kim TI, Ma JY. Neuroprotective and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of Vignae Radiatae Semen in Neuronal HT22 and Microglial BV2 Cell Lines. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245265. [PMID: 36558424 PMCID: PMC9786594 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The important factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders include oxidative stress and neuron-glia system inflammation. Vignae Radiatae Semen (VRS) exhibits antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the neuroprotective effects and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of VRS ethanol extract (VRSE) remained unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of VRSE against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial activation, respectively. This study revealed that VRSE pretreatment had significantly prevented H2O2-induced neuronal cell death and attenuated reactive oxygen species generations in HT22 cells. Additionally, VRSE attenuated the apoptosis protein expression while increasing the anti-apoptotic protein expression. Further, VRSE showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia. Moreover, VRSE pretreatment significantly activated the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B/cAMP response element-binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways in HT22 cells exposed to H2O2 and inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB mechanism in BV2 cells stimulated with LPS. Therefore, VRSE exerts therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress and pathological inflammatory responses.
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