Association between Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Treatment Response to Antipsychotic Medications: A Study of Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients and Nonadherent Chronic Psychosis Patients

Signaling pathways and genetics of brain Renin angiotensin system in psychiatric disorders: State of the art

Along the conventional pathways, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the physiology of the CNS and pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. RAS is a complex regulatory pathway which is composed of several peptides and receptors and comprises two counter-regulatory axes. The classical (ACE1/AngII/AT1 receptor) axis and the contemporary (ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis. The genes coding for elements of both axes have been broadly studied. Numerous functional polymorphisms on components of RAS have been identified to serve as informative disease and treatment markers. This review summarizes the role of each peptide and receptor in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia), followed by a concise look at the role of genetic polymorphism of the RAS in the pathophysiology of these disorders.