|
1
|
Mercer A, Sancandi M, Maclatchy A, Lange S. Brain-Region-Specific Differences in Protein Citrullination/Deimination in a Pre-Motor Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11168. [PMID: 39456949 PMCID: PMC11509057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The detection of early molecular mechanisms and potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a challenge. Recent research has pointed to novel roles for post-translational citrullination/deimination caused by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-activated enzymes, in the early stages of the disease. The current study assessed brain-region-specific citrullinated protein targets and their associated protein-protein interaction networks alongside PAD isozymes in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of pre-motor PD. Six brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum and olfactory bulb) were compared between controls/shams and the pre-motor PD model. For all brain regions, there was a significant difference in citrullinated protein IDs between the PD model and the controls. Citrullinated protein hits were most abundant in cortex and hippocampus, followed by cerebellum, midbrain, olfactory bulb and striatum. Citrullinome-associated pathway enrichment analysis showed correspondingly considerable differences between the six brain regions; some were overlapping for controls and PD, some were identified for the PD model only, and some were identified in control brains only. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways identified in PD brains only were associated with neurological, metabolic, immune and hormonal functions and included the following: "Axon guidance"; "Spinocerebellar ataxia"; "Hippo signalling pathway"; "NOD-like receptor signalling pathway"; "Phosphatidylinositol signalling system"; "Rap1 signalling pathway"; "Platelet activation"; "Yersinia infection"; "Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis"; "Human cytomegalovirus infection"; "Inositol phosphate metabolism"; "Thyroid hormone signalling pathway"; "Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation"; "Oocyte meiosis"; and "Choline metabolism in cancer". Some brain-region-specific differences were furthermore observed for the five PAD isozymes (PADs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6), with most changes in PAD 2, 3 and 4 when comparing control and PD brain regions. Our findings indicate that PAD-mediated protein citrullination plays roles in metabolic, immune, cell signalling and neurodegenerative disease-related pathways across brain regions in early pre-motor stages of PD, highlighting PADs as targets for future therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mercer
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Sancandi
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Amy Maclatchy
- Pathobiology and Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Pathobiology and Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Mitra S, Harvey-Jones K, Kraev I, Verma V, Meehan C, Mintoft A, Norris G, Campbell E, Tucker K, Robertson NJ, Hristova M, Lange S. The Extracellular Vesicle Citrullinome and Signature in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11529. [PMID: 37511288 PMCID: PMC10380774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are commonly associated with acute perinatal brain injury, while understanding regarding the downstream molecular pathways related to seizures remains unclear. Furthermore, effective treatment and reliable biomarkers are still lacking. Post-translational modifications can contribute to changes in protein function, and post-translational citrullination, which is caused by modification of arginine to citrulline via the calcium-mediated activation of the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzyme family, is being increasingly linked to neurological injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer structures released from cells; they can be isolated from most body fluids and act as potential liquid biomarkers for disease conditions and response to treatment. As EVs carry a range of genetic and protein cargo that can be characteristic of pathological processes, the current study assessed modified citrullinated protein cargo in EVs isolated from plasma and CSF in a piglet neonatal seizure model, also following phenobarbitone treatment. Our findings provide novel insights into roles for PAD-mediated changes on EV signatures in neonatal seizures and highlight the potential of plasma- and CSF-EVs to monitor responses to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mitra
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Kelly Harvey-Jones
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Vinita Verma
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Christopher Meehan
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Alison Mintoft
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Georgina Norris
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Ellie Campbell
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Katie Tucker
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.H.-J.); (V.V.); (C.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (K.T.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Neonatology, UCL Institute for Women’s Health, London WC1E 6HU, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Neonatology, UCL Institute for Women’s Health, London WC1E 6HU, UK;
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Pathobiology and Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|