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Peng Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Liu B, Zhang Z, Gong Z, Zhang X, Xia Y, You X, Wu J. Potential Role of Remimazolam in Alleviating Bone Cancer Pain in Mice via Modulation of Translocator Protein in Spinal Astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176861. [PMID: 39068975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a complex clinical challenge, with current treatments often falling short of providing adequate relief. Remimazolam, a benzodiazepine receptor agonist recognized for its anxiolytic effects, has emerged as a potential agent in managing BCP. This study explores the analgesic properties of remimazolam and its interaction with the translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, in spinal astrocytes. In the context of BCP, previous research has indicated that TSPO expression in spinal astrocytes may serve a protective regulatory function in neuropathic pain models. Building on this, the BCP mice received various doses of remimazolam on the 15th day post-inoculation, and pain behavior was assessed over time. The results showed that BCP induced an upregulation of TSPO and astrocyte activation in the spinal dorsal horn, alongside increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression. Remimazolam administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of pain behaviors, which corresponded with a decrease in both ERK pathway activation and inflammatory factor expression. This suggests that remimazolam's analgesic effects are mediated through its action as a TSPO agonist, leading to the attenuation of neuroinflammation and pain signaling pathways. Importantly, the analgesic effects of remimazolam were reversed by the TSPO antagonist PK11195, underscoring the pivotal role of TSPO in the drug's mechanism of action. This reversal also reinstated the heightened levels of ERK activity and inflammatory mediators, further confirming the involvement of TSPO in the modulation of these pain-related processes. These findings open new avenues for the therapeutic management of bone cancer pain, positioning remimazolam as a promising candidate for further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Biying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zuojing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuefeng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Lamantia J, Sloan K, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Compromised femoral and lumbovertebral bone in the Dp(16)1Yey Down syndrome mouse model. Bone 2024; 181:117046. [PMID: 38336158 PMCID: PMC11000152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), affecting ∼1 in 800 live births, is caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Individuals with DS have skeletal features including craniofacial abnormalities and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Lowered BMD can lead to increased fracture risk, with common fracture points at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. While the femur has been studied in DS mouse models, there is little research done on the vertebrae despite evidence that humans with DS have affected vertebrae. Additionally, it is important to establish when skeletal deficits occur to find times of potential intervention. The Dp(16)1Yey DS mouse model has all genes triplicated on mouse chromosome 16 orthologous to Hsa21 and displayed deficits in long bone, including trabecular and cortical deficits in male but not female mice, at 12 weeks. We hypothesized that the long bone and lumbovertebral microarchitecture would exhibit sexually dimorphic deficits in Dp(16)1Yey mice compared to control mice and long bone strength would be diminished in Dp(16)1Yey mice at 6 weeks. The trabecular region of the 4th lumbar (L4) vertebra and the trabecular and cortical regions of the femur were analyzed via micro-computed tomography and 3-point bending in 6-week-old male and female Dp(16)1Yey and control mice. Trabecular and cortical deficits were observed in femurs from male Dp(16)1Yey mice, and cortical deficits were seen in femurs of male and female Dp(16)1Yey mice. Male Dp(16)1Yey femurs had more deficits in bone strength at whole bone and tissue-estimate level properties, but female Dp(16)1Yey mice were also affected. Additionally, the L4 of male and female Dp(16)1Yey mice show trabecular deficits, which have not been previously reported in a DS mouse model. Our results indicate that skeletal deficits associated with DS occur early in skeletal development, are dependent on skeletal compartment and site, are sex dependent, and potential interventions should likely begin early in skeletal development of DS mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lamantia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), United States of America
| | - Kourtney Sloan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), United States of America
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), United States of America
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), United States of America.
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Spoutil F, Dlugosova S, Varga I, Aranaz-Novaliches G, Novosadova V, Prochazkova M, Sedlacek R, Prochazka J. Semi-Automated MicroCT Analysis of Bone Anatomy and Mineralization in Mouse Models. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e980. [PMID: 38385868 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal system mirrors several processes in the vertebrate body that impact developmental malfunctions, hormonal disbalance, malfunction of calcium metabolism and turn over, and inflammation processes such as arthrosis. X-ray micro computed tomography is a useful tool for 3D in situ evaluation of the skeletal system in a time-related manner, but results depend highly on resolution. Here, we provide the methodological background for a graduated evaluation from whole-body analysis of skeletal morphology and mineralization to high-resolution analysis of femoral and vertebral microstructure. We combine an expert-based evaluation with a machine-learning-based computational approach, including pre-setup analytical task lists. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: In vivo microCT scanning and skeletal analysis in mice Basic Protocol 2: Ex vivo high-resolution microCT scanning and microstructural analysis of the femur and L4 vertebra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Dlugosova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Varga
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Novosadova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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