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Efimenko AY, Shmakova AA, Popov VS, Basalova NA, Vigovskiy MA, Grigorieva OA, Sysoeva VY, Klimovich PS, Khabibullin NR, Tkachuk VA, Rubina KA, Semina EV. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells alleviate early-stage pulmonary fibrosis in a uPAR-dependent manner. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 39023281 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a debilitating lung disorder characterised by excessive fibrous tissue accumulation in lung parenchyma, compromises respiratory function leading to a life-threatening respiratory failure. While its origins are multifaceted and poorly understood, the urokinase system, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), plays a significant role in regulating fibrotic response, extracellular matrix remodelling, and tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of MSCs to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis as well as the contribution of uPAR expression to this effect. We found that intravenous MSC administration significantly reduced lung fibrosis in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice as revealed by MRI and histological evaluations. Notably, administering the MSCs isolated from adipose tissue of uPAR knockout mice (Plaur-/- MSCs) attenuated lung fibrosis to a lesser extent as compared to WT MSCs. Collagen deposition, a hallmark of fibrosis, was markedly reduced in lungs treated with WT MSCs versus Plaur-/- MSCs. Along with that, endogenous uPA levels were affected differently; after Plaur-/- MSCs were administered, the uPA content was specifically decreased within the blood vessels. Our findings support the potential of MSC treatment in attenuating pulmonary fibrosis. We provide evidence that the observed anti-fibrotic effect depends on uPAR expression in MSCs, suggesting that uPAR might counteract the uPA accumulation in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu Efimenko
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shmakova
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, UMR 9018, CNRS, Villejuif, France
| | - Vladimir S Popov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Basalova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Vigovskiy
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Grigorieva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Polina S Klimovich
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Semina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
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Padín JF, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Redondo-Calvo FJ. Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7209. [PMID: 39000315 PMCID: PMC11241800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aprotinin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of human proteases that has been approved for the treatment of bleeding in single coronary artery bypass surgery because of its potent antifibrinolytic actions. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to find new antiviral drugs. Aprotinin is a good candidate for therapeutic repositioning as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and for treating the symptomatic processes that characterise viral respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. This is due to its strong pharmacological ability to inhibit a plethora of host proteases used by respiratory viruses in their infective mechanisms. The proteases allow the cleavage and conformational change of proteins that make up their viral capsid, and thus enable them to anchor themselves by recognition of their target in the epithelial cell. In addition, the activation of these proteases initiates the inflammatory process that triggers the infection. The attraction of the drug is not only its pharmacodynamic characteristics but also the possibility of administration by the inhalation route, avoiding unwanted systemic effects. This, together with the low cost of treatment (≈2 Euro/dose), makes it a good candidate to reach countries with lower economic means. In this article, we will discuss the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics of aprotinin administered by the inhalation route; analyse the main advances in our knowledge of this medication; and the future directions that should be taken in research in order to reposition this medication in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Fernando Padín
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Guo B, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Xu S, Yang G, Ren W. Evolutionary genetics of pulmonary anatomical adaptations in deep-diving cetaceans. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:339. [PMID: 38575860 PMCID: PMC10993460 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetaceans, having experienced prolonged adaptation to aquatic environments, have undergone evolutionary changes in their respiratory systems. This process of evolution has resulted in the emergence of distinctive phenotypic traits, notably the abundance of elastic fibers and thickened alveolar walls in their lungs, which may facilitate alveolar collapse during diving. This structure helps selective exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, while minimizing nitrogen exchange, thereby reducing the risk of DCS. Nevertheless, the scientific inquiry into the mechanisms through which these unique phenotypic characteristics govern the diving behavior of marine mammals, including cetaceans, remains unresolved. RESULTS This study entails an evolutionary analysis of 42 genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis across 45 mammalian species. Twenty-one genes in cetaceans exhibited accelerated evolution, featuring specific amino acid substitutions in 14 of them. Primarily linked to the development of the respiratory system and lung morphological construction, these genes play a crucial role. Moreover, among marine mammals, we identified eight genes undergoing positive selection, and the evolutionary rates of three genes significantly correlated with diving depth. Specifically, the SFTPC gene exhibited convergent amino acid substitutions. Through in vitro cellular experiments, we illustrated that convergent amino acid site mutations in SFTPC contribute positively to pulmonary fibrosis in marine mammals, and the presence of this phenotype can induce deep alveolar collapse during diving, thereby reducing the risk of DCS during diving. CONCLUSIONS The study unveils pivotal genetic signals in cetaceans and other marine mammals, arising through evolution. These genetic signals may influence lung characteristics in marine mammals and have been linked to a reduced risk of developing DCS. Moreover, the research serves as a valuable reference for delving deeper into human diving physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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Shmakova A, Hugot C, Kozhevnikova Y, Schwager Karpukhina A, Tsimailo I, Gérard L, Boutboul D, Oksenhendler E, Szewczyk-Roszczenko O, Roszczenko P, Buzun K, Sheval EV, Germini D, Vassetzky Y. Chronic HIV-1 Tat action induces HLA-DR downregulation in B cells: A mechanism for lymphoma immune escape in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29423. [PMID: 38285479 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still have an increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell malignancies. In the HIV setting, B cell physiology is altered by coexistence with HIV-infected cells and the chronic action of secreted viral proteins, for example, HIV-1 Tat that, once released, efficiently penetrates noninfected cells. We modeled the chronic action of HIV-1 Tat on B cells by ectopically expressing Tat or TatC22G mutant in two lymphoblastoid B cell lines. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Tat deregulated the expression of hundreds of genes in B cells, including the downregulation of a subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-related genes. Tat-induced downregulation of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5 genes led to a decrease in HLA-DR surface expression; this effect was reproduced by coculturing B cells with Tat-expressing T cells. Chronic Tat presence decreased the NF-ᴋB pathway activity in B cells; this downregulated NF-ᴋB-dependent transcriptional targets, including MHC class II genes. Notably, HLA-DRB1 and surface HLA-DR expression was also decreased in B cells from people with HIV. Tat-induced HLA-DR downregulation in B cells impaired EBV-specific CD4+ T cell response, which contributed to the escape from immune surveillance and could eventually promote B cell lymphomagenesis in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmakova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Coline Hugot
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Schwager Karpukhina
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsimailo
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Gérard
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olga Szewczyk-Roszczenko
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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Pi P, Zeng Z, Zeng L, Han B, Bai X, Xu S. Molecular mechanisms of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218059. [PMID: 37601070 PMCID: PMC10436482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. It has brought great challenges and harms to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs and is mainly manifested as pulmonary disease. However, one of the biggest crises arises from the emergence of COVID-19-induced fibrosis. At present, there are still many questions about how COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs and how to treat and regulate its long-term effects. In addition, as an important process of fibrosis, the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be an important factor driving PF. This review summarizes the main pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of COVID-19 related to PF. Starting with the basic mechanisms of PF, such as EMT, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, inflammation, macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, hedgehog pathway as well as Notch signaling. Further, we highlight the importance of COVID-19-induced EMT in the process of PF and provide an overview of the related molecular mechanisms, which will facilitate future research to propose new clinical therapeutic solutions for the treatment of COVID-19-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pi
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhe Bai
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shousheng Xu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Kubiak JZ, Kloc M. Coronavirus Disease Pathophysiology: Biomarkers, Potential New Remedies, Comorbidities, Long COVID-19, Post Pandemic Epidemiological Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12236. [PMID: 37569612 PMCID: PMC10419002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The toughest challenge modern biomedical research ever faced was the rapid understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 physiopathology [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kloc
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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