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Kek T, Geršak K, Virant-Klun I. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) and their associations with preterm birth in humans. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108580. [PMID: 38522559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth in humans (PTB), defined as birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation, is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. Attributed to many different etiological factors, estimated 15.1 million or 11.1% of births each year are preterm, which is more than 1 per 10 livebirths globally. Environmental pollution is a well-established risk factor that could influence the pathogenesis of PTB. Increasing evidence has shown an association between maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and PTB. This scoping review aims to summarize current research on the association between EDC exposure and PTB in humans. Database PubMed was used to identify articles discussing the effect of selected EDCs, namely bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, parabens, and triclosan, found in plastics, cosmetics and other personal care products, on PTB occurrence. Regardless of some inconsistences in the findings across studies, the reviewed studies suggest a potential association between involuntary exposure to reviewed EDCs and the risk of PTB. However, further studies are needed to delineate exact correlations and mechanisms through which EDC exposure causes PTB so that efficient preventative measures could be implemented. Until then, health care providers should inform women about possible EDC exposure thus empowering them to make healthy choices and at the same time decrease the EDC negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kek
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ksenija Geršak
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Vidal MS, Richardson LS, Kumar Kammala A, Kim S, Lam PY, Cherukuri R, Thomas TJ, Bettayeb M, Han A, Rusyn I, Menon R. Endocrine-disrupting compounds and their impact on human placental function: evidence from placenta organ-on-chip studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1727-1749. [PMID: 38334486 PMCID: PMC10998263 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on the placenta, a critical gestational organ for xenobiotic protection, are well reported; however, models to determine the role of EDCs in placental disruption are limited. An advanced 2nd-trimester human placenta organ-on-chip model (2TPLA-OOC) was developed and validated, with six representative cells of the maternal and the fetal interface interconnected with microchannels. Various EDCs (150 ng mL-1 each of bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers-47 and -99) were gradually propagated across the chip for 72 hours, and their various effects were determined. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), an environmental risk factor, was used as a positive control. EDCs produced overall oxidative stress in the placental/decidual cells, induced cell-specific endocrine effects, caused limited (<10%) apoptosis/necrosis in trophoblasts and mesenchymal cells, induced localized inflammation but an overall anti-inflammatory shift, did not change immune cell migration from stroma to decidua, and did not affect placental nutrient transport. Overall, (1) the humanized 2TPLA-OOC recreated the placental organ and generated data distinct from the trophoblast and other cells studied in isolation, and (2) at doses associated with adverse pregnancies, EDCs produced limited and localized insults, and the whole organ compensated for the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Po Yi Lam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Cherukuri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tilu Jain Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mohammed Bettayeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.
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3
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Hassan S, Thacharodi A, Priya A, Meenatchi R, Hegde TA, R T, Nguyen HT, Pugazhendhi A. Endocrine disruptors: Unravelling the link between chemical exposure and Women's reproductive health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117385. [PMID: 37838203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
An Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is any compound that disrupts the function of the endocrine system in humans and is ubiquitous in the environment either as a result of natural events or through anthropogenic activities. Bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, pesticides, triclosan, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals, which are frequently found in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and packaging sectors, are some of the major sources of EDC pollutants. EDCs have been identified to have a deteriorating effect on the female reproductive system, as evidenced by the increasing number of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, menstrual irregularity, menarche, and infertility. Studying EDCs in relation to women's health is essential for understanding the complex interactions between environmental factors and health outcomes. It enables the development of strategies to mitigate risks, protect reproductive and overall health, and inform public policy decisions to safeguard women's well-being. Healthcare professionals must know the possible dangers of EDC exposure and ask about environmental exposures while evaluating patients. This may result in more precise diagnosis and personalized treatment regimens. This review summarises the existing understanding of prevalent EDCs that impact women's health and involvement in female reproductive dysfunction and underscores the need for more research. Further insights on potential mechanisms of action of EDCs on female has been emphasized in the article. We also discuss the role of nutritional intervention in reducing the effect of EDCs on women's reproductive health. EDC pollution can be further reduced by adhering to strict regulations prohibiting the release of estrogenic substances into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Anshu Priya
- SRF-ICMR, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - R Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanushree A Hegde
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Thangamani R
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - H T Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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Tadevosyan NS, Guloyan HA, Wallis AB, Tadevosyan AE. Maternal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and anthropometrics of newborns - a hospital-based cross-sectional study in rural and urban settings in Armenia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:895-902. [PMID: 37651265 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2253108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to determine a possible association between maternal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and anthropometric measures at birth in group of postpartum women in urban and rural areas of Armenia. The anthropometric measures of infants were obtained from birth records and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane were measured in breast milk. Gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection was used to identify OCPs. Total OCPs and DDTs were calculated, and the anthropometrics were analyzed for sex and areas, and group differences were compared (Student's t-test). Both individual OCPs and total OCPs and DDTs were significantly higher in rural samples than in urban ones (P < 0.01-0.000), with lower and upper quartiles differing by 2.6-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively (P < 0.000). There was no association between the anthropometrics and OCPs levels in rural or urban areas. However, this does not rule out the possibility of OCPs impact on health later in life. To our knowledge, this was the first study addressing these issues in Armenia. The results obtained will provide data on the current situation regarding birth outcomes in terms of prenatal exposure to OCPs in Armenia and will contribute to the available results from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya S Tadevosyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Hasmik A Guloyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Anne B Wallis
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Artashes E Tadevosyan
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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Leung YK. A Silent Threat: Exploring the Impact of Endocrine Disruption on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9790. [PMID: 37372939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals, either natural or synthetic, that can interfere with the production, distribution, function, metabolism, or excretion of hormones in our body [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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El-Baz MAH, Amin AF, Mohany KM. Exposure to pesticide components causes recurrent pregnancy loss by increasing placental oxidative stress and apoptosis: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9147. [PMID: 37277462 PMCID: PMC10241831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the plasma levels of pesticides components namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), ethion, malathion, and chlorpyrifos in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases, and tested their associations with placental oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers [nitric oxide (NO.), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and with placental apoptotic/antiapoptotic indices (Bcl-2 and caspase-3), and evaluated their possible cut-off points to distinguish RPL cases. The study recruited 101 pregnant women divided into; G1 [n = 49, control, normal 1st-trimester pregnancy, normal obstetric history with at least one previous normal live birth], G2 [n = 26, cases with missed abortion (< 3 abortions) before 24 weeks of gestation], and G3 [n = 26, cases with missed abortion (≥ 3 abortions) before 24 weeks of gestation]. The plasma pesticide levels were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), placental OS, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were analyzed by their corresponding methods and kits. Plasma PCBs, DDE, dieldrin, and ethion levels were significantly higher in RPL cases than in normal pregnancies (p ≤ 0.001). These levels correlated positively with placental OS and apoptosis and negatively with plasma HCG levels. Also, these levels were reliable markers of risk to RPL. Malathion and chlorpyrifos were not detected in any of the study's participants. Pesticides may be risk factors in cases of spontaneous RPL cases. They are associated with an increasing placental OS and placental apoptosis. Specific measures should be taken to decrease maternal exposure to these pollutants' sources, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A H El-Baz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EL Gammaa Street, Assiut City, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Amin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Women Health Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut City, 71515, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Mohany
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EL Gammaa Street, Assiut City, 71515, Egypt.
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Norouzi F, Alizadeh I, Faraji M. Human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer: a worldwide systematic review of the literatures. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:13. [PMID: 37183250 PMCID: PMC10184385 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is considered as one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Some pesticides can play a role as a potentially important risk factor in thyroid cancer by affecting thyroid morphology and thyroid hormone homeostasis. The aim of present study was to systematically review the available epidemiological evidence for human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science by suitable keywords from January 2000 to May 2021. Standard techniques for systematic reviews were followed in the current study and results reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally seven studies including four cohort studies and three case-control studies were reviewed. Organochlorines (OCPs) in more cases, Organophosphates (OPs) and Carbamates insecticides, herbicides and fungicides were the studied pesticides. Inconsistent results were reported in the surveyed articles on the OCPs. Two articles on the Carbamates (Carbaryl and Mancozeb) showed consistently an inverse association between exposure and thyroid cancer. Increased risk of thyroid cancer due to the exposure to the Malathion was reported in one article on the OPs. Due to the limited current knowledge about the effect of pesticides on thyroid cancer in humans, human health policies must be implemented to control individual's exposure to chemicals through using of botanical pesticides in agricultural. Also, more studies must be done to fill this gap of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Alizadeh
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Hegde TA, Thacharodi DD, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Water a major source of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: An overview on the occurrence, implications on human health and bioremediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116097. [PMID: 37182827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are toxic compounds that occur naturally or are the output of anthropogenic activities that negatively impact both humans and wildlife. A number of diseases are associated with these disruptors, including reproductive disorders, cardiovascular disorders, kidney disease, neurological disorders, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Due to their integral role in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, packaging companies, agro-industries, pesticides, and plasticizers, the scientific awareness on natural and artificial EDCs are increasing. As these xenobiotic compounds tend to bioaccumulate in body tissues and may also persist longer in the environment, the concentrations of these organic compounds may increase far from their original point of concentrations. Water remains as the major sources of how humans and animals are exposed to EDCs. However, these toxic compounds cannot be completely biodegraded nor bioremediated from the aqueous medium with conventional treatment strategies thereby requiring much more efficient strategies to combat EDC contamination. Recently, genetically engineered microorganism, genome editing, and the knowledge of protein and metabolic engineering has revolutionized the field of bioremediation thereby helping to breakdown EDCs effectively. This review shed lights on understanding the importance of aquatic mediums as a source of EDCs exposure. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the consequences of these EDCs on human health as well as highlights the importance of different remediation and bioremediation approaches. Particular attention is paid to the recent trends and perspectives in order to attain sustainable approaches to the bioremediation of EDCs. Additionally, rigorous restrictions to preclude the discharge of estrogenic chemicals into the environment should be followed in efforts to combat EDC pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Thanushree A Hegde
- Civil Engineering Department, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Dhanya Dilip Thacharodi
- Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Della Rocca Y, Traini EM, Diomede F, Fonticoli L, Trubiani O, Paganelli A, Pizzicannella J, Marconi GD. Current Evidence on Bisphenol A Exposure and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Related Pathological Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030908. [PMID: 36986769 PMCID: PMC10053246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of different morbid conditions: immune-mediated disorders, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanism of action of bisphenol A, with a special focus on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and adipogenesis. Its uses will be assessed in various fields: dental, orthopedic, and industrial. The different pathological or physiological conditions altered by BPA and the related molecular pathways will be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteo Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Gaspari L, Soyer-Gobillard MO, Rincheval N, Paris F, Kalfa N, Hamamah S, Sultan C. Birth Outcomes in DES Children and Grandchildren: A Multigenerational National Cohort Study on Informative Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2542. [PMID: 36767903 PMCID: PMC9915936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a potent synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen belonging to the family of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can cross the placenta and may cause permanent adverse health effects in the exposed mothers, their children (exposed in utero), and also their grandchildren through germline contribution to the zygote. This study evaluated pregnancy duration and birthweight (BW) variations in the children and grandchildren born before, during, and after maternal DES treatment in the same informative families, to rule out genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Nationwide retrospective observational study on 529 families of DES-treated women registered at the HHORAGES-France Association. The inclusion criteria were: (i) women with at least three pregnancies and three viable children among whom the first was not exposed in utero to DES, followed by one or more children with fetal exposure to DES, and then by one or more children born after DES treatment; (ii) women with at least one pre-DES or post-DES grandchild and one DES grandchild; (iii) confirmed data on total DES dose. Women with severe pathologies or whose illness status, habitat, lifestyle habits, profession, treatment changed between pregnancies, and all mothers who reported pregnancy-related problems, were excluded. RESULTS In all, 74 women met all criteria. The preterm birth (PTB) rate was 2.7% in pre-DES, 14.9% in DES, and 10.8% in post-DES children (Cochran-Armitage test for trend, p = 0.0095). The mean BW was higher in DES than pre-DES full-term neonates (≥37 weeks of gestation) (p = 0.007). In grandchildren, BW was not different, whereas the PTB and low BW rates were slightly increased in children of DES women. CONCLUSIONS These data within the same informative families show the DES impact on BW and PTB in DES and post-DES children and grandchildren. In particular, mean BW was higher in DES than pre-DES full-term neonates. This result may be in opposition to previous data from American cohorts, which reported lower BW in DES children, but is consistent with animal study. Our retrospective observational study highlights a multigenerational and likely transgenerational effect of this EDC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaspari
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, 34295 Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM 1203, DEFE, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nathalie Rincheval
- Equipe de Recherche AESIO SANTE, Clinique Beausoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Paris
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, 34295 Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM 1203, DEFE, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Kalfa
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Département de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Hamamah
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM 1203, DEFE, 34295 Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Sultan
- CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, 34295 Montpellier, France
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