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Albaladejo-Marico L, Carvajal M, Yepes-Molina L. Involvement of glucosinolates and phenolics in the promotion of broccoli seedling growth through the modulation of primary and secondary metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112205. [PMID: 39069007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites play an essential role in plant defense. However, the role of glucosinolates and phenols in brassica crop yield in the context of environmentally friendly agricultural practices has not been established. Our study investigated the effects of a Brassica extract, rich in these metabolites, on the physiology and metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) seedlings and the subsequent development of the plants in adult stages. The results showed an increase in growth in the extract-treated seedlings, which was associated with an alteration of primary and secondary metabolism. In particular, there was an increase in the levels of amino acids, phenolic compounds and hormones, while the levels of glucosinolates decreased. Lipid peroxidation diminished in treated plants, indicating improved membrane integrity. Treated plants subsequently grown in hydroponically showed increased water use efficiency, transpiration, and internal carbon, which contributed to the improved growth of these plants. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of the glucosinolates and phenols ratio as essential to improve crop growth and stress tolerance, as well as revealed the interest of studying the mechanisms involved in the possible uptake and integration of GSLs by broccoli seedlings after external application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Lucia Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain.
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Keret R, Drew DM, Hills PN. Xylem cell size regulation is a key adaptive response to water deficit in Eucalyptus grandis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae068. [PMID: 38896029 PMCID: PMC11247191 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Future climatic scenarios forecast increasingly frequent droughts that will pose substantial consequences on tree mortality. In light of this, drought-tolerant eucalypts have been propagated; however, the severity of these conditions will invoke adaptive responses, impacting the commercially valuable wood properties. To determine what mechanisms govern the wood anatomical adaptive response, highly controlled drought experiments were conducted in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, with the tree physiology and transcriptome closely monitored. In response to water deficit, E. grandis displays an isohydric stomatal response to conserve water and enable stem growth to continue, albeit at a reduced rate. Maintaining gaseous exchange is likely a critical short-term response that drives the formation of hydraulically safer xylem. For instance, the development of significantly smaller fibers and vessels was found to increase cellular density, thereby promoting drought tolerance through improved functional redundancy, as well as implosion and cavitation resistance. The transcriptome was explored to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for controlling xylem cell size during prolonged water deficit. Downregulation of genes associated with cell wall remodeling and the biosynthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin appeared to coincide with a reduction in cellular enlargement during drought. Furthermore, transcript levels of NAC and MYB transcription factors, vital for cell wall component biosynthesis, were reduced, while those linked to lignification increased. The upregulation of EgCAD and various peroxidases under water deficit did not correlate with an increased lignin composition. However, with the elevated cellular density, a higher lignin content per xylem cross-sectional area was observed, potentially enhancing hydraulic safety. These results support the requirement for higher density, drought-adapted wood as a long-term adaptive response in E. grandis, which is largely influenced by the isohydric stomatal response coupled with cellular expansion-related molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Keret
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Bosman St, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - David M Drew
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Bosman St, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Paul N Hills
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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Wang K, Nan LL, Xia J, Wu SW, Yang LL. Metabolomics reveal root differential metabolites of different root-type alfalfa under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341826. [PMID: 38332768 PMCID: PMC10850343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the favored premium feed ingredient in animal husbandry production which is in serious jeopardy due to soil moisture shortages. It is largely unknown how different root types of alfalfa respond to arid-induced stress in terms of metabolites and phytohormones. Methods Therefore, rhizomatous rooted M. sativa 'Qingshui' (or QS), tap-rooted M. sativa 'Longdong' (or LD), and creeping rooted M. varia 'Gannong No. 4' (or GN) were investigated to identify metabolites and phytohormones responses to drought conditions. Results We found 164, 270, and 68 significantly upregulated differential metabolites were categorized into 35, 38, and 34 metabolic pathways in QS, LD, and GN within aridity stress, respectively. Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were the four categories of primary differential metabolites detected, which include 6-gingerol, salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A4 (GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), trans-cinnamic acid, sucrose, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, succinic acid, and nicotinic acid and so on, turns out these metabolites are essential for the resistance of three root-type alfalfa to aridity coercing. Discussion The plant hormone signal transduction (PST) pathway was dramatically enriched after drought stress. IAA and ABA were significantly accumulated in the metabolites, indicating that they play vital roles in the response of three root types of alfalfa to water stress, and QS and LD exhibit stronger tolerance than GN under drought stress.
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Lopez-Zaplana A, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Albaladejo-Marico L, Carvajal M. Exploring the mechanism of blindness physiopathy in Brassica oleracea var italica L. by comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108304. [PMID: 38159550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Blindness is a physiopathy characterized by apical abortion that particularly affects the Brassica family. The occurrence of blindness has been related to exposure to low temperatures during early developmental stages. However, the causes of this selective sensitivity and how they affect the correct development remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of blindness in broccoli plants. The analysis of RNAseq, focused on membrane transporters and the synthesis pathways of glucosinolates and phenolics, was related with physiological changes in nutrient and water uptake, gas exchange, and metabolism. Comparative gene expression analysis between control and blindness-affected broccoli plants revealed distinct regulation patterns in roots and shoots, leading to reduced synthesis of glucosinolates and phenolics. Additionally, the expression levels of aquaporins and potassium transporters were found to be associated with mineral and water transport. In this way, our results revealed the causes of blindness by identifying differentially expressed genes, highlighting those related to secondary metabolism, as well as genes involved in water and nutrient uptake and transport as the crucial involved in the physiopathy appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Zhu K, Chen S, Gao M, Wu Y, Liu X. Asparagine-rich protein (NRP) mediates stress response by regulating biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2241165. [PMID: 37515751 PMCID: PMC10388829 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2241165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific stress response protein NRP (asparagine-rich protein) is characterized by an asparagine-rich domain at its N-terminus and a conserved development and cell death (DCD) domain at its C-terminus. Previous transcriptional studies and phenotypic analyses have demonstrated the involvement of NRP in response to severe stress conditions, such as high salt and ER Endoplasmic reticulum-stress. We have recently identified distinct roles for NRP in biotic- and abiotic-stress signaling pathways, in which NRP interacts with different signaling proteins to change their subcellular localizations and stability. Here, to further explore the function of NRP, a transcriptome analysis was carried out on nrp1nrp2 knock-out lines at different life stages or under different growing conditions. The most significant changes in the transcriptome at both stages and conditions turned out to be the induction of the synthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Such an observation implicates that NRP is a general stress-responsive protein involved in various challenges faced by plants during their life cycle, which might involve a broad alteration in the distribution of SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Martinez-Alonso A, Yepes-Molina L, Guarnizo AL, Carvajal M. Modification of Gene Expression of Tomato Plants through Foliar Flavonoid Application in Relation to Enhanced Growth. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2208. [PMID: 38137030 PMCID: PMC10743138 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exogenous application of phenolic compounds is increasingly recognized as a valuable strategy for promoting growth and mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stress. However, the biostimulant effect under optimal conditions has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we investigated the impact of foliar application of flavonoids, specifically CropBioLife (CBL), on tomato plants grown under controlled conditions. Our study focused on determining growth parameters, such as cell size, and assessing the concentration of hormones. Principal component analysis (PCA) from all physiological variables was determined. Additionally, we utilized high-throughput mRNA-sequencing technology and bioinformatic methodologies to robustly analyze the transcriptomes of tomato leaves regulated by flavonoids. The findings revealed that CBL primarily influenced cell enlargement by 60%, leading to increased growth. Furthermore, CBL-treated plants exhibited higher concentrations of the hormone zeatin, but lower concentrations of IAA (changes of 50%). Moreover, RNA-seq analysis indicated that CBL-treated plants required increased mineral transport and water uptake, as evidenced by gene expression patterns. Genes related to pathways such as fatty acid degradation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and ABC transporters showed regulatory mechanisms governing internal flavonoid biosynthesis, transport, and tissue concentration, ultimately resulting in higher flavonoid concentrations in tomato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Alonso
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (L.Y.-M.)
| | - Lucia Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (L.Y.-M.)
| | - Angel L. Guarnizo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (L.Y.-M.)
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El Haddad N, En-nahli Y, Choukri H, Aloui K, Mentag R, El-Baouchi A, Hejjaoui K, Rajendran K, Smouni A, Maalouf F, Kumar S. Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Heat and Drought Tolerance in Lentil Accessions: Implications for Stress Tolerance Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3962. [PMID: 38068599 PMCID: PMC10708188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has significantly exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses, particularly high temperatures and drought stresses. This study aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying heat and drought tolerance in lentil accessions. To achieve this objective, twelve accessions were subjected to high-temperature stress (32/20 °C), while seven accessions underwent assessment under drought stress conditions (50% of field capacity) during the reproductive stage. Our findings revealed a significant increase in catalase activity across all accessions under both stress conditions, with ILL7814 and ILL7835 recording the highest accumulations of 10.18 and 9.33 under drought stress, respectively, and 14 µmol H2O2 mg protein-1 min-1 under high temperature. Similarly, ascorbate peroxidase significantly increased in all tolerant accessions due to high temperatures, with ILL6359, ILL7835, and ILL8029 accumulating the highest values with up 50 µmol ascorbate mg protein-1 min-1. In contrast, no significant increase was obtained for all accessions subjected to water stress, although the drought-tolerant accessions accumulated more APX activity (16.59 t to 25.08 µmol ascorbate mg protein-1 min-1) than the sensitive accessions. The accessions ILL6075, ILL7814, and ILL8029 significantly had the highest superoxide dismutase activity under high temperature, while ILL6363, ILL7814, and ILL7835 accumulated the highest values under drought stress, each with 22 to 25 units mg protein-1. Under both stress conditions, ILL7814 and ILL7835 recorded the highest contents in proline (38 to 45 µmol proline/g FW), total flavonoids (0.22 to 0.77 mg QE g-1 FW), total phenolics (7.50 to 8.79 mg GAE g-1 FW), total tannins (5.07 to 20 µg CE g-1 FW), and total antioxidant activity (60 to 70%). Further, ILL7814 and ILL6338 significantly recorded the highest total soluble sugar content under high temperature (71.57 and 74.24 mg g-1, respectively), while ILL7835 achieved the maximum concentration (125 mg g-1) under drought stress. The accessions ILL8029, ILL6104, and ILL7814 had the highest values of reducing sugar under high temperature with 0.62 to 0.79 mg g-1, whereas ILL6075, ILL6363, and ILL6362 accumulated the highest levels of this component under drought stress with 0.54 to 0.66 mg g-1. Overall, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the metabolomic responses of lentil to drought and heat stresses, serving as a valuable reference for lentil stress tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Youness En-nahli
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Materials Science Center, Ecole Normale Supérieure, LPCMIO, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Khawla Aloui
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Ben M’Sick Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20800, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Adil El-Baouchi
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut 1108 2010, Lebanon;
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), New Delhi 110012, India;
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Yang Z, Qiao Y, Konakalla NC, Strøbech E, Harris P, Peschel G, Agler-Rosenbaum M, Weber T, Andreasson E, Ding L. Streptomyces alleviate abiotic stress in plant by producing pteridic acids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7398. [PMID: 37968347 PMCID: PMC10652019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbiota can confer fitness advantages to plants and increase crop resilience to drought and other abiotic stressors. However, there is little evidence on the mechanisms correlating a microbial trait with plant abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we report that Streptomyces effectively alleviate drought and salinity stress by producing spiroketal polyketide pteridic acid H (1) and its isomer F (2), both of which promote root growth in Arabidopsis at a concentration of 1.3 nM under abiotic stress. Transcriptomics profiles show increased expression of multiple stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis seedlings after pteridic acids treatment. We confirm in vivo a bifunctional biosynthetic gene cluster for pteridic acids and antimicrobial elaiophylin production. We propose it is mainly disseminated by vertical transmission and is geographically distributed in various environments. This discovery reveals a perspective for understanding plant-Streptomyces interactions and provides a promising approach for utilising beneficial Streptomyces and their secondary metabolites in agriculture to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yijun Qiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Naga Charan Konakalla
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Emil Strøbech
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 206, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gundela Peschel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam Agler-Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Dolui D, Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M, Adak MK. 2,4-D mediated moderation of aluminum tolerance in Salvinia molesta D. Mitch. with regards to bioexclusion and related physiological and metabolic changes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:27-44. [PMID: 37259532 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2216311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 500 µM) in enhancing the potential of Salvinia species for tolerance to aluminum (Al) toxicity (240 and 480 µM, seven days). Salvinia showed better efficacy in removal of toxicity of Al by sorption mechanism with changes of bond energy shifting on cell wall residues and surface structure. Plants recorded tolerance to Al concentration (480 µM) when pretreated with 2,4-D through adjustment of relative water content, proline content, osmotic potential, and improved the pigment fluorescence for energy utilization under Al stress. Photosynthetic activities with regards to NADP-malic enzyme and malic dehydrogenase and sugar metabolism with wall and cytosolic invertase activities were strongly correlated with compatible solutes. A less membrane peroxidation and protein carbonylation had reduced ionic loss over the membrane that was studied with reduced electrolyte leakage with 2,4-D pretreated plants. Membrane stabilization was also recorded with higher ratio of K+ to Na+, thereby suggesting roles of 2,4-D in ionic balance. Better sustenance of enzymatic antioxidation with peroxidase and glutathione metabolism reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and save the plant for oxidative damages. Moreover, gene polymorphism for antioxidant, induced by 2,4-D varied through Al concentrations would suggest an improved biomarker for tolerance. Collectively, analysis and discussion of plant's responses assumed that auxin herbicide could be a potential phytoprotectant for Salvinia as well as improving the stability to Al toxicity and its bioremediation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dolui
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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