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Das R, Woo J. Identifying the Multitarget Pharmacological Mechanism of Action of Genistein on Lung Cancer by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules 2024; 29:1913. [PMID: 38731403 PMCID: PMC11085736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Food supplements have become beneficial as adjuvant therapies for many chronic disorders, including cancer. Genistein, a natural isoflavone enriched in soybeans, has gained potential interest as an anticancer agent for various cancers, primarily by modulating apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. However, in lung cancer, the exact impact and mechanism of action of genistein still require clarification. To provide more insight into the mechanism of action of genistein, network pharmacology was employed to identify the key targets and their roles in lung cancer pathogenesis. Based on the degree score, the hub genes AKT1, CASP3, EGFR, STAT3, ESR1, SRC, PTGS2, MMP9, PRAG, and AR were significantly correlated with genistein treatment. AKT1, EGFR, and STAT3 were enriched in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathway according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, indicating a significant connection to lung cancer development. Moreover, the binding affinity of genistein to NSCLC target proteins was further verified by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Genistein exhibited potential binding to AKT1, which is involved in apoptosis, cell migration, and metastasis, thus holding promise for modulating AKT1 function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of genistein and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Das
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine,, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine,, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), College of Medicine, Dongguk University Wise, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Medical Cannabis Research Center, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Wise, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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Seo Y, Lee S, Kim M, Kim D, Jeong SB, Das R, Sultana A, Park S, Nhiem NX, Huong PTT, Kwon OB, Namkung W, Woo J. Discovery of a novel natural compound, vitekwangin B, with ANO1 protein reduction properties and anticancer potential. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382787. [PMID: 38659592 PMCID: PMC11041392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present significant challenges in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Hormone therapies for prostate cancer target androgen receptors and prostate-specific antigen markers. However, treatment options for prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma are limited. NSCLC, on the other hand, is primarily treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors but exhibits resistance. This study explored a novel therapeutic approach by investigating the potential anticancer properties of vitekwangin B, a natural compound derived from Vitex trifolia. Methods: Vitekwangin B was chromatographically isolated from the fruits of V. trifolia. ANO1 protein levels in prostate cancer and NSCLC cells were verified and evaluated again after vitekwangin B treatment. Results: Vitekwangin B did not inhibit anoctamin1 (ANO1) channel function but significantly reduced ANO1 protein levels. These results demonstrate that vitekwangin B effectively inhibited cancer cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer and NSCLC cells. Moreover, it exhibited minimal toxicity to liver cells and did not affect hERG channel activity, making it a promising candidate for further development as an anticancer drug. Conclusion: Vitekwangin B may offer a new direction for cancer therapy by targeting ANO1 protein, potentially improving treatment outcomes in patients with prostate cancer and NSCLC. Further research is needed to explore its full potential and overcome existing drug resistance challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Seo
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sion Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minuk Kim
- Department of Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDI Hub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongguk Kim
- Department of Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDI Hub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Baek Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Das
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Armin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine and Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Thanh Huong
- Institute of Marine and Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Prasad R, Kadam A, Padippurackal VV, Pulikuttymadom Balasubramanian A, Kumar Chandrakumaran N, Suresh Rangari K, Dnyaneshwar Khangar P, Ajith H, Natarajan K, Chandramohanadas R, Nelson-Sathi S. Discovery of small molecule entry inhibitors targeting the linoleic acid binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38520147 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2327537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Spike glycoprotein has a significant role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to host cells, which makes it a potential drug target. Continued accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike protein poses great challenges in identifying antiviral drugs targeting this protein. This study aims to identify potential entry inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 using virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations from three distinct chemical libraries including Pandemic Response Box, Drugbank and DrugCentral, comprising 6971 small molecules. The molecules were screened against a binding pocket identified in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) region of the spike protein which is known as the linoleic acid binding pocket, a highly conserved motif among several SARS-CoV-2 variants. Through virtual screening and binding free energy calculations, we identified four top-scoring compounds, MMV1579787 ([2-Oxo-2-[2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl]phosphonic acid), Tretinoin, MMV1633963 ((2E,4E)-5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]penta-2,4-dienoic acid) and Polydatin, which were previously reported to have antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral properties. These molecules showed stable binding on MD simulations over 100 ns and maintained stable interactions with TYR365, PHE338, PHE342, PHE377, TYR369, PHE374 and LEU368 of the spike protein RBD that are found to be conserved among SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our findings were further validated with free energy landscape, principal component analysis and dynamic cross-correlation analysis. Our in silico analysis of binding mode and MD simulation analyses suggest that the identified compounds may impede viral entrance by interacting with the linoleic acid binding site of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 regardless of its variants, and they thus demand for further in vitro and in vivo research.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshny Prasad
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kadam
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Kartik Suresh Rangari
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Harikrishnan Ajith
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Trans-disciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Shijulal Nelson-Sathi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zhao Z, Zhu Q, Zhou X, Li W, Yin X, Li J. Structural Basis for the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M pro D48N Mutant by Shikonin and PF-07321332. Viruses 2023; 16:65. [PMID: 38257765 PMCID: PMC10818409 DOI: 10.3390/v16010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is crucial in the fight against COVID-19. Inhibition of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is the key to disrupting viral replication, making Mpro a promising target for therapy. PF-07321332 and shikonin have been identified as effective broad-spectrum inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro bound to PF-07321332 and shikonin have been resolved in previous studies. However, the exact mechanism regarding how SARS-CoV-2 Mpro mutants impact their binding modes largely remains to be investigated. In this study, we expressed a SARS-CoV-2 Mpro mutant, carrying the D48N substitution, representing a class of mutations located near the active sites of Mpro. The crystal structures of Mpro D48N in complex with PF-07321332 and shikonin were solved. A detailed analysis of the interactions between Mpro D48N and two inhibitors provides key insights into the binding pattern and its structural determinants. Further, the binding patterns of the two inhibitors to Mpro D48N mutant and wild-type Mpro were compared in detail. This study illustrates the possible conformational changes when the Mpro D48N mutant is bound to inhibitors. Structural insights derived from this study will inform the development of new drugs against novel coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Qinyao Zhu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;
| | - Xuelan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
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Wang Z, Song XQ, Xu W, Lei S, Zhang H, Yang L. Stand Up to Stand Out: Natural Dietary Polyphenols Curcumin, Resveratrol, and Gossypol as Potential Therapeutic Candidates against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:3885. [PMID: 37764669 PMCID: PMC10535599 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated collaborative drug discovery efforts in academia and the industry with the aim of developing therapies and vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2. Several novel therapies have been approved and deployed in the last three years. However, their clinical application has revealed limitations due to the rapid emergence of viral variants. Therefore, the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents with a high potency and safety profile remains a high priority for global health. Increasing awareness of the "back to nature" approach for improving human health has prompted renewed interest in natural products, especially dietary polyphenols, as an additional therapeutic strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 patients, owing to its good safety profile, exceptional nutritional value, health-promoting benefits (including potential antiviral properties), affordability, and availability. Herein, we describe the biological properties and pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols curcumin, resveratrol, and gossypol as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants as observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of dietary polyphenols and to obtain maximal benefits, several strategies such as nanotechnology (e.g., curcumin-incorporated nanofibrous membranes with antibacterial-antiviral ability), lead optimization (e.g., a methylated analog of curcumin), combination therapies (e.g., a specific combination of plant extracts and micronutrients), and broad-spectrum activities (e.g., gossypol broadly inhibits coronaviruses) have also been emphasized as positive factors in the facilitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development to support effective long-term pandemic management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (W.X.); (S.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xian-qing Song
- General Surgery Department, Baoan Central Hospital, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (W.X.); (S.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shizeng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (W.X.); (S.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (W.X.); (S.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Borde C, Escargueil AE, Maréchal V. Shikonin, an inhibitor of inflammasomes, inhibits Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105699. [PMID: 37549849 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent human herpesvirus that persists for life in more than 95% of the adult population. EBV usually establishes an asymptomatic life-long infection, but it is also associated with malignancies affecting B lymphocytes and epithelial cells mainly. The virus alternates between a latent phase and a lytic phase, both of which contribute to the initiation of the tumor process. So far, there is only a limited number of antiviral molecules against the lytic phase, most of them targeting viral replication. Recent studies provided evidence that EBV uses components of the NLRP3 inflammasome to enter the productive phase of its cycle following activation in response to various stimuli. In the present work, we demonstrate that shikonin, a natural molecule with low toxicity which is known to inhibit inflammasome, can efficiently repress EBV reactivation. Similar results were obtained with apigenin and OLT 1177, two other NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. It is shown herein that shikonin repressed the transcription of reactivation-induced NLRP3 thereby inhibiting inflammasome activation and EBV lytic phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Borde
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | | | - Vincent Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
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Malik S, Brudzyńska P, Khan MR, Sytar O, Makhzoum A, Sionkowska A. Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4377. [PMID: 37374560 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are the natural naphthoquinone compounds produced in the roots of the Boraginaceae family. These red pigments have been used for a long time in coloring silk, as food colorants, and in the Chinese traditional system of medicines The resurgence of public interest in natural and plant-based products has led to this category of compounds being in high demand due to their wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ones. Different researchers worldwide have reported various applications of shikonin derivatives in the area of pharmacology. Nevertheless, the use of these compounds in the food and cosmetics fields needs to be explored more in order to make them available for commercial utilization in various food industries as a packaging material and to enhance their shelf life without any side effects. Similarly, the antioxidant properties and skin whitening effects of these bioactive molecules may be used successfully in various cosmetic formulations. The present review delves into the updated knowledge on the various properties of shikonin derivatives in relation to food and cosmetics. The pharmacological effects of these bioactive compounds are also highlighted. Based on various studies, it can be concluded that these natural bioactive molecules have potential to be used in different sectors, including functional food, food additives, skin, health care, and to cure various diseases. Further research is required for the sustainable production of these compounds with minimum disturbances to the environment and in order to make them available in the market at an economic price. Simultaneous studies utilizing recent techniques in computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and artificial intelligence in laboratory and clinical trials would further help in making these potential candidates promising alternative natural bioactive therapeutics with multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Malik
- Laboratory of Woody Plants and Crops Biology (LBLGC), University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Patrycja Brudzyńska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Muhammad Rehan Khan
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Sciences and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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