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Colley A, Brauns T, Sluder AE, Poznansky MC, Gemechu Y. Immunomodulatory drugs: a promising clinical ally for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:765-780. [PMID: 38821771 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
While immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) have been authorised for treatment of haematological cancers for over two decades, the appreciation of their ability to stimulate antitumour T cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses is relatively recent. Clinical trial data increasingly show that targeted immunotherapies, such as antibodies, T cells, and vaccines, improve outcomes when delivered in combination with the IMiD derivatives lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Here, we review these clinical data to highlight the relevance of IMiDs in combinatorial immunotherapy for both haematological and solid tumours. Further research into the molecular mechanisms of IMiDs and an increased understanding of their immunomodulatory effects may refine the specific applications of IMiDs and improve the design of future clinical trials, moving IMiDs to the forefront of combinatorial cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Colley
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann E Sluder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohannes Gemechu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, Xiong X, Xue R, Zang L, Wang Z, Wang L. Novel methyltransferase G9a inhibitor induces ferroptosis in multiple myeloma through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2405-2417. [PMID: 38538975 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant hematologic neoplasm, and the involvement of epigenetic modifications in its development and drug resistance has received widespread attention. Ferroptosis, a new ferroptosis-dependent programmed death mode, is closely associated with the development of MM. The novel methyltransferase inhibitor DCG066 has higher cell activity, but its mechanism of action in MM has not been clarified. Here, we found that DCG066 (5µM) inhibited the proliferation and induced ferroptosis in MM cells; the intracellular levels of ROS, iron, and MDA were significantly elevated, and the level of GSH was reduced after the treatment of DCG066; The protein expression levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly reduced, and these phenomena could be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Nrf2 activator Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of Keap1 was increased, and heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90 and HSPB1) were reduced after DCG066 treatment. In conclusion, this study confirmed that DCG066 inhibits MM proliferation and induces ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base of Linyi People's Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | | | - Xiaoqi Li
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xingfang Xiong
- Postgraduate Training Base of Linyi People's Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Linyi, China
| | - Lanlan Zang
- Postgraduate Training Base of Linyi People's Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China.
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Linyi, China.
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Linyi, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Linyi, China.
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Linyi, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Linyi, China.
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Linyi, China.
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
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3
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Malamos P, Papanikolaou C, Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Souliotis VL. The Interplay between the DNA Damage Response (DDR) Network and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6991. [PMID: 39000097 PMCID: PMC11241508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) network and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are crucial mechanisms for the survival of all living beings. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that there is crosstalk between these two systems, thus favoring the appropriate functioning of multi-cellular organisms. On the other hand, aberrations within these mechanisms are thought to play a vital role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, as well as in the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding alterations in the DDR machinery and the MAPK signaling pathway as well as abnormalities in the DDR/MAPK functional crosstalk in multiple myeloma, the second most common hematologic malignancy. We also present the latest advances in the development of anti-myeloma drugs targeting crucial DDR- and MAPK-associated molecular components. These data could potentially be exploited to discover new therapeutic targets and effective biomarkers as well as for the design of novel clinical trials. Interestingly, they might provide a new approach to increase the efficacy of anti-myeloma therapy by combining drugs targeting the DDR network and the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Malamos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Papanikolaou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Vassilis L. Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (C.P.)
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4
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Bazou D, Dowling P. Editorial: Multiple Myeloma: Molecular Mechanism and Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3799. [PMID: 38612612 PMCID: PMC11011281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder representing the second most common blood cancer [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bazou
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland
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5
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Kim M, Jung KH, Kim JL, Koo HJ, Jung HJ, Lee H, Lee KH. Imaging Very Late Antigen-4 on MOLT4 Leukemia Tumors with Cysteine Site-Specific 89Zr-Labeled Natalizumab Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1353-1363. [PMID: 38282332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Very late antigen-4 (VLA4; CD49d) is a promising immune therapy target in treatment-resistant leukemia and multiple myeloma, and there is growing interest in repurposing the humanized monoclonal antibody (Ab), natalizumab, for this purpose. Positron emission tomography with radiolabeled Abs (immuno-PET) could facilitate this effort by providing information on natalizumab's in vivo pharmacokinetic and target delivery properties. In this study, we labeled natalizumab with 89Zr specifically on sulfhydryl moieties via maleimide-deferoxamine conjugation. High VLA4-expressing MOLT4 human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells showed specific 89Zr-natalizumab binding that was markedly blocked by excess Ab. In nude mice bearing MOLT4 tumors, 89Zr-natalizumab PET showed high-contrast tumor uptake at 7 days postinjection. Biodistribution studies confirmed that uptake was the highest in MOLT4 tumors (2.22 ± 0.41%ID/g) and the liver (2.33 ± 0.76%ID/g), followed by the spleen (1.51 ± 0.42%ID/g), while blood activity was lower at 1.12 ± 0.21%ID/g. VLA4-specific targeting in vivo was confirmed by a 58.1% suppression of tumor uptake (0.93 ± 0.15%ID/g) when excess Ab was injected 1 h earlier. In cultured MOLT4 cells, short-term 3 day exposure to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) did not affect the α4 integrin level, but BTZ-resistant cells that survived the treatment showed increased α4 integrin expression. When the effects of BTZ treatment were tested in mice, there was no change of the α4 integrin level or 89Zr-natalizumab uptake in MOLT4 leukemia tumors, which underscores the complexity of tumor VLA4 regulation in vivo. In conclusion, 89Zr-natalizumab PET may be useful for noninvasive monitoring of tumor VLA4 and may assist in a more rational application of Ab-based therapies for hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Koo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
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6
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Almansour SA, Alqudah MAY, Abuhelwa Z, Al-Shamsi HO, Semreen MH, Bustanji Y, Soare NC, McKinnon RA, Sorich MJ, Hopkins AM, Abuhelwa AY. Association of proton pump inhibitor use with survival and adverse effects outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma: pooled analysis of three clinical trials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:591. [PMID: 38182614 PMCID: PMC10770405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used in cancer patients, but their impact on treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association of PPI use with survival and adverse effects in MM patients across three randomized-control trials initiating daratumumab, lenalidomide, or bortezomib combination treatments. Cox proportional hazard analysis and logistic regression were employed to assess the associations with treatment outcomes, while adjusting for age, sex, weight, MM international staging system stage, ECOG-performance status, comorbidity count, and presence of gastrointestinal disorders. Pooled data involving 1804 patients revealed that 557 (32%) used PPIs at baseline. PPI use was independently associated with worse overall survival (adjusted HR [95% CI] 1.32 [1.08-1.62], P = 0.007) and grade ≥ 3 adverse events (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.39 [1.03-1.88], P = 0.030). However, the association with progression-free survival did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR [95% CI] 1.14 [0.97-1.33], P = 0.112). Findings were consistent across trials and treatment arms. PPI use was identified as a negative prognostic factor in MM patients, potentially enhancing clinical decisions regarding its use. Further research is needed to fully comprehend the impacts and safety of PPI use in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Almansour
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Y Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ziad Abuhelwa
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of South Florida/ H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Humaid O Al-Shamsi
- Department of Oncology, Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, P.O. Box 92510, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Oncology Society, P.O.Box: 6600, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Gulf Medical University, P.O. Box: 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Gulf Cancer Society, P.O. Box 26733, 13128, Alsafa, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nelson C Soare
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ahmad Y Abuhelwa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Edri A, Ben-Haim N, Hailu A, Brycman N, Berhani-Zipori O, Rifman J, Cohen S, Yackoubov D, Rosenberg M, Simantov R, Teru H, Kurata K, Anderson KC, Hendel A, Pato A, Geffen Y. Nicotinamide-Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells with CD38 Deletion, Expressing an Enhanced CD38 Chimeric Antigen Receptor, Target Multiple Myeloma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17231. [PMID: 38139060 PMCID: PMC10743602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital component of cancer immune surveillance. They provide a rapid and potent immune response, including direct cytotoxicity and mobilization of the immune system, without the need for antigen processing and presentation. NK cells may also be better tolerated than T cell therapy approaches and are susceptible to various gene manipulations. Therefore, NK cells have become the focus of extensive translational research. Gamida Cell's nicotinamide (NAM) platform for cultured NK cells provides an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic potential of NK cells. CD38 is an ectoenzyme ubiquitously expressed on the surface of various hematologic cells, including multiple myeloma (MM). It has been selected as a lead target for numerous monoclonal therapeutic antibodies against MM. Monoclonal antibodies target CD38, resulting in the lysis of MM plasma cells through various antibody-mediated mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, significantly improving the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory MM. However, this therapeutic strategy has inherent limitations, such as the anti-CD38-induced depletion of CD38-expressing NK cells, thus hindering ADCC. We have developed genetically engineered NK cells tailored to treat MM, in which CD38 was knocked-out using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and an enhanced chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD38 was introduced using mRNA electroporation. This combined genetic approach allows for an improved cytotoxic activity directed against CD38-expressing MM cells without self-inflicted NK-cell-mediated fratricide. Preliminary results show near-complete abolition of fratricide with a 24-fold reduction in self-lysis from 19% in mock-transfected and untreated NK cells to 0.8% of self-lysis in CD38 knock-out CAR NK cells. Furthermore, we have observed significant enhancements in CD38-mediated activity in vitro, resulting in increased lysis of MM target cell lines. CD38 knock-out CAR NK cells also demonstrated significantly higher levels of NK activation markers in co-cultures with both untreated and αCD38-treated MM cell lines. These NAM-cultured NK cells with the combined genetic approach of CD38 knockout and addition of CD38 CAR represent a promising immunotherapeutic tool to target MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Edri
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Nimrod Ben-Haim
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | - Astar Hailu
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Nurit Brycman
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Orit Berhani-Zipori
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Julia Rifman
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Sherri Cohen
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Dima Yackoubov
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Hideshima Teru
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.T.); (K.K.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Ayal Hendel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (N.B.-H.); (M.R.)
| | - Aviad Pato
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Yona Geffen
- Gamida-Cell, Jerusalem 34670, Israel; (A.E.); (A.H.); (N.B.); (O.B.-Z.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (A.P.)
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8
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Caserta S, Gangemi S, Murdaca G, Allegra A. Gender Differences and miRNAs Expression in Cancer: Implications on Prognosis and Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11544. [PMID: 37511303 PMCID: PMC10380791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding molecules of about twenty-two nucleotides with crucial roles in both healthy and pathological cells. Their expression depends not only on genetic factors, but also on epigenetic mechanisms like genomic imprinting and inactivation of X chromosome in females that influence in a sex-dependent manner onset, progression, and response to therapy of different diseases like cancer. There is evidence of a correlation between miRNAs, sex, and cancer both in solid tumors and in hematological malignancies; as an example, in lymphomas, with a prevalence rate higher in men than women, miR-142 is "silenced" because of its hypermethylation by DNA methyltransferase-1 and it is blocked in its normal activity of regulating the migration of the cell. This condition corresponds in clinical practice with a more aggressive tumor. In addition, cancer treatment can have advantages from the evaluation of miRNAs expression; in fact, therapy with estrogens in hepatocellular carcinoma determines an upregulation of the oncosuppressors miR-26a, miR-92, and miR-122 and, consequently, apoptosis. The aim of this review is to present an exhaustive collection of scientific data about the possible role of sex differences on the expression of miRNAs and the mechanisms through which miRNAs influence cancerogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis of cells from diverse types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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