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Lalle E, Mazzotta V, Sberna G, Fabeni L, Garbuglia AR, Mastrorosa I, D’Abramo A, Nicastri E, Girardi E, Antinori A, Maggi F, Bordi L. Saliva Is a Sensitive and Accessible Sample Both for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and for the Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness in Follow-Up Studies. Viruses 2024; 16:1040. [PMID: 39066203 PMCID: PMC11281700 DOI: 10.3390/v16071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence indicating that molecular SARS-CoV-2 tests performed on saliva have diagnostic sensitivity and specificity comparable to those observed with nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs), most in vivo follow-up studies on the efficacy of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 have been performed on NPSs, not considering saliva as a possible alternative matrix. For this reason, in this study, we used, in parallel, saliva and NPS samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR in patients receiving Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab, Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, or Sotrovimab as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Our results showed a good correlation between the NPS and saliva samples for each drug; moreover, comparable changes in the cycle threshold (Ct) levels in saliva and NPSs were observed both 7 days and 30 days after treatment, thus confirming that the saliva represents a good matrix for in vivo follow-up studies verifying the effectiveness of treatments against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (I.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Fabeni
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mastrorosa
- Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (I.M.)
| | - Alessandra D’Abramo
- Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (I.M.)
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (I.M.)
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (I.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani—IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
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Abreu H, Royer CA, Poitevin CG, Kohler AF, Rodrigues AC, Raboni SM, Nogueira MB, Cardoso PH, Arruda MB, Baptista PADS, Bonatto AC, Gradia DF, Adamoski D, Maltempi de Souza E, Carvalho de Oliveira J. Influenza A, like Omicron SARS-CoV-2, Is Similarly Detected in Saliva or Nasopharyngeal Samples via RT-qPCR. Viruses 2023; 15:2352. [PMID: 38140593 PMCID: PMC10747790 DOI: 10.3390/v15122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After the Coronavirus pandemic, the importance of virus surveillance was highlighted, reinforcing the constant necessity of discussing and updating the methods for collection and diagnoses, including for other respiratory viruses. Although the nasopharyngeal swab is the gold-standard sample for detecting and genotyping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses, its collection is uncomfortable and requires specialized teams, which can be costly. During the pandemic, non-invasive saliva samples proved to be a suitable alternative for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, but for Influenza virus the use of this sample source is not recognized yet. In addition, most SARS-CoV-2 comparisons were conducted before the Omicron variant emerged. Here, we aimed to compare Influenza A and Omicron RT-qPCR analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva self-collection in paired samples from 663 individuals. We found that both nasopharyngeal swab and saliva collection are efficient for the diagnosis of Omicron (including sub-lineages) and for Influenza A, with high sensitivity and accuracy (>90%). The kappa index is 0.938 for Influenza A and 0.905 for SARS-CoV-2. These results showed excellent agreement between the two samples reinforcing saliva samples as a reliable source for detecting Omicron and highlighting saliva as a valid sample source for Influenza detection, considering this cheaper and more comfortable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Abreu
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Carla Adriane Royer
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Carolina Gracia Poitevin
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Ana Flávia Kohler
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Virology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (S.M.R.); (M.B.N.)
| | - Meri Bordignon Nogueira
- Virology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (S.M.R.); (M.B.N.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Cardoso
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiology Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (P.H.C.); (M.B.A.); (P.A.d.S.B.)
| | - Monica Barcellos Arruda
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiology Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (P.H.C.); (M.B.A.); (P.A.d.S.B.)
| | - Patrícia Alvarez da Silva Baptista
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiology Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (P.H.C.); (M.B.A.); (P.A.d.S.B.)
| | - Ana Claudia Bonatto
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (H.A.); (C.A.R.); (C.G.P.); (A.F.K.); (A.C.R.); (A.C.B.); (D.F.G.)
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Piñana JL, Pérez A, Chorão P, Guerreiro M, García-Cadenas I, Solano C, Martino R, Navarro D. Respiratory virus infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and recent advances. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25 Suppl 1:e14117. [PMID: 37585370 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, common community-acquired seasonal respiratory viruses (CARVs) were a significant threat to the health and well-being of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients, often resulting in severe illness and even death. The pandemic has further highlighted the significant risk that immunosuppressed patients, including allo-HCT recipients, face when infected with SARS-CoV-2. As preventive transmission measures are relaxed and CARVs circulate again among the community, including in allo-HSCT recipients, it is crucial to understand the current state of knowledge, gaps, and recent advances regarding CARV infection in allo-HCT recipients. Urgent research is needed to identify seasonal respiratory viruses as potential drivers for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Piñana
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Pérez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Chorão
- Hematology Division, Hospital universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Hospital Universitário y Politécncio La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Hematology Division, Hospital universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Hospital Universitário y Politécncio La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martino
- Hematology Division, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology department, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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De-Simone SG. Recent Advances in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108958. [PMID: 37240305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This Editorial highlights the various observations made in the Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on "Recent Advances in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cell lar Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
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