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Ni Y, Zheng L, Zhang L, Li J, Pan Y, Du H, Wang Z, Fu Z. Spermidine activates adipose tissue thermogenesis through autophagy and fibroblast growth factor 21. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109569. [PMID: 38185346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Spermidine exerts protective roles in obesity, while the mechanism of spermidine in adipose tissue thermogenesis remains unclear. The present study first investigated the effect of spermidine on cold-stimulation and β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thermogenesis in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Next, the role of spermidine on glucose and lipid metabolism in different types of adipose tissue was determined. Here, we found that spermidine supplementation did not affect cold-stimulated thermogenesis in lean mice, while significantly promoting the activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis under cold stimulation and β3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment in obese mice. Spermidine treatment markedly enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, and these results were associated with the activated autophagy pathway. Moreover, spermidine up-regulated fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling and its downstream pathway, including PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of Fgf21 or inhibition of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in brown adipocytes abolished the thermogenesis-promoting effect of spermidine, suggesting that the effect of spermidine on adipose tissue thermogenesis might be regulated by FGF21 signaling via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways. The present study provides new insight into the mechanism of spermidine on obesity and its metabolic complications, thereby laying a theoretical basis for the clinical application of spermidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Du
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Fairley LH, Grimm A, Herff SA, Eckert A. Translocator protein (TSPO) ligands attenuate mitophagy deficits in the SH-SY5Y cellular model of Alzheimer's disease via the autophagy adaptor P62. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00030-0. [PMID: 38280505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria occurring early in the disease. Mitophagy, which governs mitochondrial turnover and quality control, is impaired in the AD brain, and strategies aimed at enhancing mitophagy have been identified as promising therapeutic targets. The translocator protein (TSPO) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that is upregulated in AD, and ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in mouse models of AD. However, whether TSPO ligands modulate mitophagy in AD has not been explored. Here, we provide evidence that the TSPO-specific ligands Ro5-4864 and XBD173 attenuate mitophagy deficits and mitochondrial fragmentation in a cellular model of AD overexpressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Ro5-4864 and XBD173 appear to enhance mitophagy via modulation of the autophagic cargo receptor P62/SQSTM1, in the absence of an effect on PARK2, PINK1, or LC3 level. Taken together, these findings indicate that TSPO ligands may be promising therapeutic agents for ameliorating mitophagy deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Fairley
- Research Cluster, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Research Cluster, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen A Herff
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Anne Eckert
- Research Cluster, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
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Shin S, Kim J, Lee JY, Kim J, Oh CM. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Its Role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:289-302. [PMID: 38049180 PMCID: PMC10786205 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is characterized by hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Recent research indicates a rapid escalation in MASLD cases, with projections suggesting a doubling in the United States by 2030. This review focuses on the central role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of MASLD and explores potential therapeutic interventions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that orchestrate hepatic energy production and metabolism and are critically involved in MASLD. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. Genetic associations further underscore the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and MASLD susceptibility. Although U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for MASLD remain elusive, ongoing clinical trials have highlighted promising strategies that target mitochondrial dysfunction, including vitamin E, metformin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. In preclinical studies, novel therapeutics, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ precursors, urolithin A, spermidine, and mitoquinone, have shown beneficial effects, such as improving mitochondrial quality control, reducing oxidative stress, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction is central to MASLD pathogenesis. The innovative mitochondria-targeted approaches discussed in this review offer a promising avenue for reducing the burden of MASLD and improving global quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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Mas-Bargues C. Mitochondria pleiotropism in stem cell senescence: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:657-671. [PMID: 37739140 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive decline in cellular and tissue function, ultimately leading to organismal aging. Stem cells, with their regenerative potential, play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair throughout an organism's lifespan. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, have emerged as key players in the aging process, impacting stem cell function and contributing to age-related tissue dysfunction. Here are discuss the mechanisms through which mitochondria influence stem cell fate decisions, including energy production, metabolic regulation, ROS signalling, and epigenetic modifications. Therefore, this review highlights the role of mitochondria in driving stem cell senescence and the subsequent impact on tissue function, leading to overall organismal aging and age-related diseases. Finally, we explore potential anti-aging therapies targeting mitochondrial health and discuss their implications for promoting healthy aging. This comprehensive review sheds light on the critical interplay between mitochondrial function, stem cell senescence, and organismal aging, offering insights into potential strategies for attenuating age-related decline and promoting healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Sousa T, Moreira PI, Cardoso S. Current Advances in Mitochondrial Targeted Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2331. [PMID: 37760774 PMCID: PMC10525414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects the lives not only of those who are diagnosed but also of their caregivers. Despite the enormous social, economic and political burden, AD remains a disease without an effective treatment and with several failed attempts to modify the disease course. The fact that AD clinical diagnosis is most often performed at a stage at which the underlying pathological events are in an advanced and conceivably irremediable state strongly hampers treatment attempts. This raises the awareness of the need to identify and characterize the early brain changes in AD, in order to identify possible novel therapeutic targets to circumvent AD's cascade of events. One of the most auspicious targets is mitochondria, powerful organelles found in nearly all cells of the body. A vast body of literature has shown that mitochondria from AD patients and model organisms of the disease differ from their non-AD counterparts. In view of this evidence, preserving and/or restoring mitochondria's health and function can represent the primary means to achieve advances to tackle AD. In this review, we will briefly assess and summarize the previous and latest evidence of mitochondria dysfunction in AD. A particular focus will be given to the recent updates and advances in the strategy options aimed to target faulty mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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