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Qiu J, Chen M, Lu F, Chen X, Cai Z, Huang T. Methionine Synthase 2 Represses Stem Cell Maintenance of Arabidopsis thaliana in Response to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2224. [PMID: 39204660 PMCID: PMC11359516 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress represses the growth and development of plants that mainly depend on the continual propagation and differentiation of stem cells. WUSCHEL (WUS)/WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family proteins determine stem cell fate in plants under ever-changing environments. It is not yet known how plant stem cell homeostasis is regulated under salt stress. Methionine synthase catalyzes the formation of methionine by methylating homocysteine in the one-carbon metabolism pathway. In this work, we investigated the role of Arabidopsis METHIONINE SYNTHASE 2 (AtMS2) in stem cell homeostasis under salt stress. The results showed that AtMS2 represses the stem cell maintenance of Arabidopsis in response to salt stress. Under normal growth conditions, AtMS2 is mainly localized in the cytoplasm. However, under salt stress, it exhibits significant accumulation in the nucleus. AtMS2 interacts with the WUS/WOX protein, and, together, they repress WUS/WOX expression by binding to its promoter. The mutation in AtMS2 resulted in enhanced salt tolerance. Therefore, AtMS2 might act as a key negative regulator to repress the stem cell maintenance and growth of Arabidopsis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Q.); (M.C.)
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Bu Y, Dong X, Zhang R, Shen X, Liu Y, Wang S, Takano T, Liu S. Unraveling the role of urea hydrolysis in salt stress response during seed germination and seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. eLife 2024; 13:e96797. [PMID: 39037769 PMCID: PMC11364434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Urea is intensively utilized as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, originating either from root uptake or from catabolism of arginine by arginase. Despite its extensive use, the underlying physiological mechanisms of urea, particularly its adverse effects on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress, remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that salt stress induces excessive hydrolysis of arginine-derived urea, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic pH within seed radical cells, which, in turn, triggers salt-induced inhibition of seed germination (SISG) and hampers seedling growth. Our findings challenge the long-held belief that ammonium accumulation and toxicity are the primary causes of SISG, offering a novel perspective on the mechanism underlying these processes. This study provides significant insights into the physiological impact of urea hydrolysis under salt stress, contributing to a better understanding of SISG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xingye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xianglian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
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Zhang H, Mu Y, Zhang H, Yu C. Maintenance of stem cell activity in plant development and stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302046. [PMID: 38155857 PMCID: PMC10754534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells residing in plant apical meristems play an important role during postembryonic development. These stem cells are the wellspring from which tissues and organs of the plant emerge. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) governs the aboveground portions of a plant, while the root apical meristem (RAM) orchestrates the subterranean root system. In their sessile existence, plants are inextricably bound to their environment and must adapt to various abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, temperature fluctuations, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, and exposure to heavy metal ions. These environmental challenges exert profound effects on stem cells, potentially causing severe DNA damage and disrupting the equilibrium of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling in these vital cells, jeopardizing their integrity and survival. In response to these challenges, plants have evolved mechanisms to ensure the preservation, restoration, and adaptation of the meristematic stem cell niche. This enduring response allows plants to thrive in their habitats over extended periods. Here, we presented a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular intricacies surrounding the initiation and maintenance of the meristematic stem cell niche. We also delved into the mechanisms employed by stem cells to withstand and respond to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yangwei Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
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Ageyeva MN, Zdobnova TA, Nazarova MS, Raldugina GN, Beliaev DV, Vodeneev VA, Brilkina AA. The Morphological Parameters and Cytosolic pH of Cells of Root Zones in Tobacco Plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): Nonlinear Effects of NaCl Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3708. [PMID: 37960064 PMCID: PMC10648452 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impacts important processes in plants, reducing their yield. The effect of salinity on the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) has been little studied. In this research, we employed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP to investigate the alterations in pHcyt in cells across various root zones. Furthermore, we examined a wide spectrum of NaCl concentrations (ranging from 0 to 150 mM) and assessed morphological parameters and plant development. Our findings revealed a pattern of cytosolic acidification in cells across all root zones at lower NaCl concentrations (50, 100 mM). Interestingly, at 150 mM NaCl, pHcyt levels either increased or returned to normal, indicating a nonlinear effect of salinity on pHcyt. Most studied parameters related to development and morphology exhibited an inhibitory influence in response to NaCl. Notably, a nonlinear relationship was observed in the cell length within the elongation and differentiation zones. While cell elongation occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, it was not evident at 150 mM NaCl. This suggests a complex interplay between stimulating and inhibitory effects of salinity, contributing to the nonlinear relationship observed between pHcyt, cell length, and NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana A. Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Mariia S. Nazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Laboratory of Ion Transport and Salinity Resistance, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Beliaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Anna A. Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
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Mirniyam G, Rahimmalek M, Arzani A, Yavari P, Sabzalian MR, Ehtemam MH, Szumny A. Phytochemical, Morphological, and Physiological Variation in Different Ajowan ( Trachyspermum ammi L.) Populations as Affected by Salt Stress, Genotype × Year Interaction and Pollination System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10438. [PMID: 37445619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research, 28 populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for agro-morphological traits and essential oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations from these two years were used for further morphophysiological and biochemical studies under different salinity levels (control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl). The main components of the oil were thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ-terpinene (21.71-32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74-26.16%). Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content in the Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g-1 DW) and the Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g-1 DW). Moreover, the Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566 µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. The results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan seeds, which are useful for pharmaceutical and food applications. In this research, some morphological traits, as well as essential oil yield, were evaluated in open pollinated versus self-pollinated plants. As a result, plant height, number of flowering branches, and crown diameter significantly decreased in some populations, while a significant increase was obtained for number of flowers per umbel and seed numbers per umbel. Finally, self-pollination of ajowan might provide new insights for further breeding programs to increase oil or thymol content in ajowan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Mirniyam
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Arzani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Parisa Yavari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
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