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Khoury P, Wechsler JB. Role of Mast Cells in Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:311-327. [PMID: 38575226 PMCID: PMC11220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis. Their interactions with immune and structural cells, involvement in tissue remodeling, and contribution to symptoms make them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. More is being discovered regarding the intricate interplay of mast cells and eosinophils. Recent studies demonstrating that depletion of eosinophils is insufficient to improve symptoms of EGIDs have raised the question of whether other cells may play a role in symptomatology and pathogenesis of EGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Human Eosinophil Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 12C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Simpson-Querrey 10-518, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 65, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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2
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Zhang Y, Lu Q. Immune cells in skin inflammation, wound healing, and skin cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:852-865. [PMID: 37718697 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the self-evident importance of cutaneous immunity in the maintenance of body-surface homeostasis, disturbance of the steady-state skin is inextricably intertwined with dysfunction in cutaneous immunity. It is often overlooked by people that skin, well-known as a solid physical barrier, is also a strong immunological barrier, considering the abundant presence of immune cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. What's more, humoral immune components including cytokines, immunoglobulins, and antimicrobial peptides are also rich in the skin. This review centers on skin inflammation (acute and chronic, infection and aseptic inflammation), wound healing, and skin cancer to elucidate the elaborate network of immune cells in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
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3
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Guo H, Guo L, Li L, Li N, Lin X, Wang Y. Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13624. [PMID: 38558219 PMCID: PMC10982677 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is characterized by persistent skin hives, redness, and itching, enhanced by immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our main objective is identifying key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and retrieved two GEO datasets, GSE57178 and GSE72540. The raw data were extracted, pre-processed, and analyzed using the GEO2R tool to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The samples were divided into two groups: healthy samples and CU samples. We defined cut-off values of log2 fold change ≥1 and p < .05. Analyses were performed in the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Metascape, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and CIBERSOFT databases. We obtained 1613 differentially expressed genes. There were 114 overlapping genes in both datasets, out of which 102 genes were up-regulated while 12 were down-regulated. The biological processes included activation of myeloid leukocytes, response to inflammations, and response to organic substances. Moreover, the KEGG pathways of CU were enriched in the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. We identified 27 hub genes that were implicated in the pathogenesis of CU, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1). The complex interplay between immune responses, inflammatory pathways, cytokine networks, and specific genes enhances CU. Understanding these mechanisms paves the way for potential interventions to mitigate symptoms and improve the quality of life of CU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Lifang Guo
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of DermatologyXingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXingtaiHebeiChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xiaoyun Lin
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
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Wilson GN, Tonk VS. Clinical-Genomic Analysis of 1261 Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Outlines an Articulo-Autonomic Gene Network (Entome). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2620-2643. [PMID: 38534782 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of 80 history and 40 history findings diagnosed 1261 patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) by direct or online interaction, and 60 key findings were selected for their relation to clinical mechanisms and/or management. Genomic testing results in 566 of these patients supported EDS relevance by their differences from those in 82 developmental disability patients and by their association with general rather than type-specific EDS findings. The 437 nuclear and 79 mitochondrial DNA changes included 71 impacting joint matrix (49 COL5), 39 bone (30 COL1/2/9/11), 22 vessel (12 COL3/8VWF), 43 vessel-heart (17FBN1/11TGFB/BR), 59 muscle (28 COL6/12), 56 neural (16 SCN9A/10A/11A), and 74 autonomic (13 POLG/25porphyria related). These genes were distributed over all chromosomes but the Y, a network analogized to an 'entome' where DNA change disrupts truncal mechanisms (skin constraint, neuromuscular support, joint vessel flexibility) and produces a mirroring cascade of articular and autonomic symptoms. The implied sequences of genes from nodal proteins to hypermobility to branching tissue laxity or dysautonomia symptoms would be ideal for large language/artificial intelligence analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golder N Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- KinderGenome Genetics Private Practice, 5347 W Mockingbird, Dallas, TX 75209, USA
| | - Vijay S Tonk
- Director of Medical Genetics and the Cytogenomic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Xue M, Jackson CJ, Lin H, Zhao R, Liang HPH, Weiler H, Griffin JH, March L. Endothelial Protein C Receptor and 3K3A-Activated Protein C Protect Mice from Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a Contact Hypersensitivity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1255. [PMID: 38279255 PMCID: PMC10816322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a receptor for the natural anti-coagulant activated protein C (aPC). It mediates the anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective functions of aPC through the cleavage of protease-activated receptor (PAR)1/2. Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease characterized by inflammation and defective skin barrier. This study investigated the effect of EPCR and 3K3A-aPC on allergic contact dermatitis using a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model. CHS was induced using 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in EPCR-deficient (KO) and matched wild-type mice and mice treated with 3K3A-aPC, a mutant form of aPC with diminished anti-coagulant activity. Changes in clinical and histological features, cytokines, and immune cells were examined. EPCRKO mice displayed more severe CHS, with increased immune cell infiltration in the skin and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and IgE than wild-type mice. EPCR, aPC, and PAR1/2 were expressed by the skin epidermis, with EPCR presenting almost exclusively in the basal layer. EPCRKO increased the epidermal expression of aPC and PAR1, whereas in CHS, their expression was reduced compared to wild-type mice. 3K3A-aPC reduced CHS severity in wild-type and EPCRKO mice by suppressing immune cell infiltration/activation and inflammatory cytokines. In summary, EPCRKO exacerbated CHS, whereas 3K3A-aPC could reduce the severity of CHS in both EPCRKO and wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (H.L.); (R.Z.); (H.P.H.L.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (H.L.); (R.Z.); (H.P.H.L.)
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (H.L.); (R.Z.); (H.P.H.L.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Ruilong Zhao
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (H.L.); (R.Z.); (H.P.H.L.)
| | - Hai Po H. Liang
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (H.L.); (R.Z.); (H.P.H.L.)
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Physiology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Lyn March
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
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Liu T, He Y, Liao Y. Esculentoside A ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by suppressing the ROS-NLRP3 axis via activating the Nrf2 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:844-854. [PMID: 37439364 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a high prevalence. Inflammation and oxidative stress are strongly associated with AD progression. Esculentoside A (EsA) inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in various diseases. However, whether EsA mitigates AD by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress remains unknown. A mouse model of AD was constructed by the induction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The mechanism of EsA and its effects on AD symptoms, pathology, inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated through histopathological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, blood cells analysis, colorimetric measurement and western blot analysis. EsA improved the clinical symptoms and increased clinical skin scores in AD mice. Skin thickening of the epidermis and dermal tissues and the mast cell numbers in AD mice were reduced with the EsA treatment. EsA decreased the relative mRNA level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13; the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-6; and the numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and WBC subtypes, including basophil, lymphocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil and monocytes in DNCB-induced mice. DNCB caused higher levels of oxidative stress, which was reversed with the administration of EsA. Mechanically, EsA upregulated the expression of Nrf2 but downregulated the level of NLRP3 inflammasome in AD mice. The inhibitor of Nrf2 significantly recovered the EsA-induced changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins in DNCB-treated mice. Therefore, EsA improved the clinical and pathological symptoms, inflammation and oxidative stress experienced by DNCB-induced mice and was involved in the inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome by activating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wilson GN. A Clinical Qualification Protocol Highlights Overlapping Genomic Influences and Neuro-Autonomic Mechanisms in Ehlers-Danlos and Long COVID-19 Syndromes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6003-6023. [PMID: 37504295 PMCID: PMC10378515 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial fraction of the 15% with double-jointedness or hypermobility have the traditionally ascertained joint-skeletal, cutaneous, and cardiovascular symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia and its particular manifestation as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). The holistic ascertainment of 120 findings in 1261 EDS patients added neuro-autonomic symptoms like headaches, muscle weakness, brain fog, chronic fatigue, dyspnea, and bowel irregularity to those of arthralgia and skin laxity, 15 of these symptoms shared with those of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID-19). Underlying articulo-autonomic mechanisms guided a clinical qualification protocol that qualified DNA variants in 317 genes as having diagnostic utility for EDS, six of them identical (F2-LIFR-NLRP3-STAT1-T1CAM1-TNFRSF13B) and eighteen similar to those modifying COVID-19 severity/EDS, including ADAMTS13/ADAMTS2-C3/C1R-IKBKG/IKBKAP-PIK3C3/PIK3R1-POLD4/POLG-TMPRSS2/TMPRSS6-WNT3/WNT10A. Also, contributing to EDS and COVID-19 severity were forty and three genes, respectively, impacting mitochondrial functions as well as parts of an overlapping gene network, or entome, that are hypothesized to mediate the cognitive-behavioral, neuro-autonomic, and immune-inflammatory alterations of connective tissue in these conditions. The further characterization of long COVID-19 natural history and genetic predisposition will be necessary before these parallels to EDS can be carefully delineated and translated into therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golder N Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, and KinderGenome Genetics Private Practice, 5347 W Mockingbird, Dallas, TX 75209, USA
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Riquelme-Neira R, Walker-Vergara R, Fernández-Blanco JA, Vergara P. IL-10 Modulates the Expression and Activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9875. [PMID: 37373041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several immune-related responses, including those in bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer, among others. MCs identify microorganisms by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating a secretory response. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been described as an important modulator of MC responses; however, its role in PRR-mediated activation of MC is not fully understood. We analyzed the activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) in mucosal-like MCs (MLMCs) and peritoneum-derived cultured MCs (PCMCs) from IL-10-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. IL-10-/- mice showed a reduced expression of TLR4 and NOD2 at week 6 and TLR7 at week 20 in MLMC. In MLMC and PCMC, TLR2 activation induced a reduced secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in IL-10-/- MCs. TLR4- and TLR7-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNFα was not detected in PCMCs. Finally, no cytokine release was induced by NOD2 ligand, and responses to TLR2 and TLR4 were lower in MCs at 20 weeks. These findings indicate that PRR activation in MCs depends on the phenotype, ligand, age, and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riquelme-Neira
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Walker-Vergara
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
| | - Joan Antoni Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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