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Domsicova M, Korcekova J, Poturnayova A, Breier A. New Insights into Aptamers: An Alternative to Antibodies in the Detection of Molecular Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6833. [PMID: 38999943 PMCID: PMC11240909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides with single-stranded regions or peptides that recently started to transform the field of diagnostics. Their unique ability to bind to specific target molecules with high affinity and specificity is at least comparable to many traditional biorecognition elements. Aptamers are synthetically produced, with a compact size that facilitates deeper tissue penetration and improved cellular targeting. Furthermore, they can be easily modified with various labels or functional groups, tailoring them for diverse applications. Even more uniquely, aptamers can be regenerated after use, making aptasensors a cost-effective and sustainable alternative compared to disposable biosensors. This review delves into the inherent properties of aptamers that make them advantageous in established diagnostic methods. Furthermore, we will examine some of the limitations of aptamers, such as the need to engage in bioinformatics procedures in order to understand the relationship between the structure of the aptamer and its binding abilities. The objective is to develop a targeted design for specific targets. We analyse the process of aptamer selection and design by exploring the current landscape of aptamer utilisation across various industries. Here, we illuminate the potential advantages and applications of aptamers in a range of diagnostic techniques, with a specific focus on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) aptasensors and their integration into the well-established ELISA method. This review serves as a comprehensive resource, summarising the latest knowledge and applications of aptamers, particularly highlighting their potential to revolutionise diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Domsicova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Jana Korcekova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandra Poturnayova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Albert Breier
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kaisu L, Songlin Y, Wu S, Ying Z, Wang L, Potapov A, Yu X, Sun Y, Sun N, Zhu M. Portable and Recyclable Luminescent Lanthanide Coordination Polymer Film Sensors for Adenosine Triphosphate in Urine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5129-5137. [PMID: 38227932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a small molecule that is released to the urine from bladder urothelial cells and the bladder mucosal band of the human body. In certain cases, ATP can serve as a biomarker in bladder disease. For the practical applicability of luminescent sensors for ATP in urine, it is significant to find a new strategy for making the detection progress simple and available for in-field urine analysis. Here, a novel luminescent lanthanide coordination polymer (Tb-BPA) was designed and synthesized for quick and sensitive detection of ATP through luminescence quenching with a quenching constant of 4.90 × 103 M-1 and a detection limit of 0.55 × 10-6 M. Besides, Tb-BPA has excellent anti-interference ability and can detect ATP in simulated urine with a small relative standard deviation (<4%). Moreover, the luminescent polyacrylonitrile nanofiber films modified by Tb-BPA were prepared by electrospinning and were used for ATP visual detection. Notably, this film is easy to recover and reuse, and maintains good detection performance after at least 7 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kaisu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Yang Songlin
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhang Ying
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center of Physical Chemistry Test, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Andrei Potapov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yaguang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Na Sun
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - MingChang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination, College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
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Kopra K, Mahran R, Yli-Hollo T, Tabata S, Vuorinen E, Fujii Y, Vuorinen I, Ogawa-Iio A, Hirayama A, Soga T, Sasaki AT, Härmä H. Homogeneous luminescent quantitation of cellular guanosine and adenosine triphosphates (GTP and ATP) using QT-Luc GTP&ATP assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6689-6700. [PMID: 37714971 PMCID: PMC10598090 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential nucleic acid building blocks and serve as energy molecules for a wide range of cellular reactions. Cellular GTP concentration fluctuates independently of ATP and is significantly elevated in numerous cancers, contributing to malignancy. Quantitative measurement of ATP and GTP has become increasingly important to elucidate how concentration changes regulate cell function. Liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-coupled MS (CE-MS) are powerful methods widely used for the identification and quantification of biological metabolites. However, these methods have limitations related to specialized instrumentation and expertise, low throughput, and high costs. Here, we introduce a novel quantitative method for GTP concentration monitoring (GTP-quenching resonance energy transfer (QRET)) in homogenous cellular extracts. CE-MS analysis along with pharmacological control of cellular GTP levels shows that GTP-QRET possesses high dynamic range and accuracy. Furthermore, we combined GTP-QRET with luciferase-based ATP detection, leading to a new technology, termed QT-LucGTP&ATP, enabling high-throughput compatible dual monitoring of cellular GTP and ATP in a homogenous fashion. Collectively, GTP-QRET and QT-LucGTP&ATP offer a unique, high-throughput opportunity to explore cellular energy metabolism, serving as a powerful platform for the development of novel therapeutics and extending its usability across a range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Kopra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| | - Randa Mahran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Titta Yli-Hollo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Emmiliisa Vuorinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA
| | - Iida Vuorinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki Ogawa-Iio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0508, USA
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Harri Härmä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
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Greiner JV, Glonek T. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Protein Aggregation in Age-Related Vision-Threatening Ocular Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:1100. [PMID: 37887425 PMCID: PMC10609282 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is the etiopathogenesis of the three most profound vision-threatening eye diseases: age-related cataract, presbyopia, and age-related macular degeneration. This perspective organizes known information on ATP and protein aggregation with a fundamental unrecognized function of ATP. With recognition that maintenance of protein solubility is related to the high intracellular concentration of ATP in cells, tissues, and organs, we hypothesize that (1) ATP serves a critical molecular function for organismal homeostasis of proteins and (2) the hydrotropic feature of ATP prevents pathological protein aggregation while assisting in the maintenance of protein solubility and cellular, tissue, and organismal function. As such, the metabolite ATP plays an extraordinarily important role in the prevention of protein aggregation in the leading causes of vision loss or blindness worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack V. Greiner
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Clinical Eye Research of Boston, Boston, MA 01890, USA;
| | - Thomas Glonek
- Clinical Eye Research of Boston, Boston, MA 01890, USA;
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Ahn JS, Jang CH. Sensitive detection of 17β-estradiol at a picomolar level using an aptamer-assisted liquid crystal-based optical sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6323-6332. [PMID: 37581706 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC)-based aptasensor was developed that can detect 17β-estradiol (E2) at the picomolar level. This aptasensor is based on competitive reactions of the aptamer that interacts with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and E2 at the aqueous/LC interface. The long alkyl chain of CTAB anchored the 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) to a homeotropic state and controls the local anchoring depending on the extent of electrostatic interaction with the aptamer. Upon addition of the aptamer solution to the CTAB-saturated LC layer, LCs change from dark to bright optical response. This is due to the perturbed orientation of 5CB at the aqueous/LC interface as a result of electrostatic attraction of the cationic group of CTAB and the phosphate group of the aptamer. The conformational change of the aptamer due to specific binding with E2 weakens the electrostatic attraction between CTAB and aptamer. When specific binding becomes relatively dominant, CTAB induces the orientation of LCs to the homeotropic state, resulting in a dark optical image observed. We also analyzed the change in the optical response of LCs according to the interfacial events and compared the grayscale values of the optical image for each concentration of E2 to determine the detection limit. Accordingly, the detection limit of the E2 sensor was found to be 3.1 pM (0.8 pg/ml) in Tris-buffered saline (TBS), and 6.8 pM (1.9 pg/ml) in human urine. The LC-based optical aptasensor was thus shown to be highly sensitive and selective with no requirement for complex analysis equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seong Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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